핵의학 체외검사의 진료재료비용 절감 방안

송훈강,서정미,양준호,김은정,김창호,Song, Hun-Kang,Seo, Jung-Mi,Yang, Joon-Ho,Kim, Eun-Jung,Kim, Chang-Ho 대한핵의학기술학회 2011 핵의학 기술 Vol.15 No.2

체외 검사는 각 검사 마다 6-7개의 standard 농도를 이용한 표준곡선(Dose response curve)을 사용하여 검사 결과를 분석하며, 표준곡선 사용은 진료재료 소모에 많은 부분을 차지하고 있다. 현재 원내에서 검사하는 검사항목 가운데 일부 검사 항목은, standard 농도를 이용한 환자의 검사 결과 분석수치가 대부분 낮은 결과의 분포를 보이고 있었으며, 이러한 검사 들은 마지막 standard 농도의 사용이 불필요하다고 판단하였다. 이에 낮은 검사 결과의 분포를 보이는 검사항목들을 선정하고, 마지막 standard 농도의 자리에 사용했던 진료 재료를 절감하여 진료재료의 소모비용을 줄였다. 원내 검사 항목 중 11개의 검사 항목을 진료재료 절감 대상항목으로 하였고, 검사가 진행한 횟수 만큼 마지막 standard농도에 사용되었던 진료재료(검사 Tube)를 절감할 수 있었다. 2009년 7월부터 2011년 2월까지 월별 진료재료 절감 개수, 절감 개수를 진료재료 단가로 계산하여 진료재료 절감액과, 절감된 진료재료를 환자 검사용 진료재료로 사용하여 발생한 수익을 ABC 원가계산을 근거로 산정하였다. 2009년 7월부터 2011년 2월까지 절감된 진료 재료는 3,131개였다. 이는 약 31kit의 검사 시약에 해당되는 진료재료를 절감하였다. 이것을 진료재료 단가로 계산하면 약 640만원의 진료재료비가 절감되었고, 이러한 진료 재료는 환자 검사 진료재료로 사용되어 약 1,370만원의 수익이 발생하였다. 환자의 검사 결과가 정상이거나, 낮게 분포하는 검사항목들은 마지막 standard 농도를 사용하지 않고 범위를 줄여서 검사를 진행하여도 검사 결과를 분석하는데는 영향이 없었고, standard 농도 범위 조정이 검사 결과의 신뢰성에는 영향이 없는 것으로 분석 되었다. 따라서 이 활동은 핵의학 체외검사의 진료재료 사용에 효율성을 높이고 진료재료 절감 및 병원 수익에 많은 효과가 있을 것으로 생각한다. Purpose: In vitro uses dose response curve with 6 to 7 standard concentrations in every examination to analyze examination results and this use of dose response curve comprises a large portion of the consumption of medicine material. At this present, some ones of in-hospital examination items have shown mostly low result of distribution in the analyzed features and these examinations have been judged that it would be unnecessary to use the last standard concentration. Hence, this study selects those examination items showing low result of distribution and reviews the cases contributed to less consumption of medicine material and revenue growth of hospital by reduction of medicine material used in the place of the last standard concentration. Materials and Methods: The study was made targeting 11 examination items out of total 43 items of the in-hospital examination and since these examination items were mostly low in the features as the examination results of patients or the examination results were distributed to show lower concentration than the previous last standard concentration, it carried out the examination without using the last standard concentration, which could generate the effect to reduce medicine material (examination tube) used in the last standard concentration as many as the number of examination carried out. For this, it examined the number of medicine material reduction by month during the period from July, 2009 to February, 2011 and estimated the reduction amount of medicine material calculated the number of reduction by the unit cost of medicine material as well as the profit generated by the reduced medicine material to use for the medicine material of patient examination. Results: The total number of medicine material reduced during the period from July, 2009 to February, 2011 was 3,131 pieces, which had the effect to reduce the medicine material equivalent to about 31 kits of reagent. To calculate this by the unit cost of the medicine material, it analyzed to reduce about 6.4 million won of medicine material cost. Also the reduced medicine materials were used for medicine materials of patient examination and this was analyzed to generate about 13.75 million won of profit based on the ABC cost accounting. Conclusion: It showed no problem in the analysis of examination result even without using the last standard concentration regarding those examination items with low distribution of the patient examination result. For these examination items, it was able to reduce medicine material used for the last standard as many as the number of examination carried out. Also, the adjustment of concentration range was found to have no problem in the reliability of examination result. Therefore, this case will be applicable in those occasions of when the analysis of patient examination result is mostly distributed at the lower level or when an examination with the distribution of patient results in the range of lower concentration than the previous last standard concentration is carried out and this is considered to increase the efficiency in the use of medicine material in vitro as well as contribute to the profit of hospitals.

An Early History of the Phillips Curve

Jinbang Kim 인하대학교 산업경제연구소 2011 경상논집 Vol.25 No.2

The Phillips curve, as Phillips presented it in 1958, is an outcome of non-standard curve fitting. It is intended to reveal a hypothetical relation between two variables, the rate of change of money wage rates and the level of unemployment. One could only ascertain this feature of the curve through careful examination of the statistical procedures taken by Phillips, which is the major purpose of this paper. It also examines Lipsey's theorization and revision of the curve.

원저 : 소시지에서 real-time PCR법에 의한 Listeria monocytogenes의 정량적 검출을 위한 standard curve구축

허은정 ( Eun Jeong Heo ),신효진 ( Hyo JIn Shin ),문진산 ( Jin San Moon ),박현정 ( Hyun Jeong Park ),김영조 ( Young Jo Kim ),김지호 ( Ji Ho Kim ),위성환 ( Sung Hwan Wee ) 한국수의공중보건학회 2010 예방수의학회지 Vol.34 No.4

We constructed a standard curve to quantify Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat product, especially sausage samples, using real-time PCR. A standard curve was generated using serially diluted L. monocytogenes cells in distilled water. When cells were artificially inoculated in 10 g of sausage samples in 90㎖buffered peptone water, the cell concentration of range was approximately 1.0×108 to 100 CFU/㎖. The standard curve of the serially diluted cells was linear for at least seven orders of magnitude from 103 to 109 CFU/㎖of L. monocytogenes. When cells were diluted in sausages, the linearity range was from 104 to 108 CFU/㎖. The correlation coefficient (R2) of diluted cells was 0.9888 and the slope of the curve was -2.6621. The coefficient and slope of inoculated samples were 0.9916 and -2.747, respectively. The R2 value for serially diluted L. monocytogenes and artificially contaminated sausage samples were acceptable. The approach described in this study represents the potency of the quantification of L. monocytogenes in sausage samples by quantitative real-time PCR. It can be used in monitoring the presence and persistence of this pathogen in sausages.

소시지에서 real-time PCR법에 의한 Listeria monocytogenes의 정량적 검출을 위한 standard curve구축

허은정,신효진,문진산,박현정,김영조,김지호,위성환 한국예방수의학회 2010 예방수의학회지 Vol.34 No.4

We constructed a standard curve to quantify Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat product, especially sausage samples, using real-time PCR. A standard curve was generated using serially diluted L. monocytogenes cells in distilled water. When cells were artificially inoculated in 10 g of sausage samples in 90㎖ buffered peptone water, the cell concentration of range was approximately 1.0×108 to 100 CFU/㎖. The standard curve of the serially diluted cells was linear for at least seven orders of magnitude from 103 to 109 CFU/㎖ of L. monocytogenes. When cells were diluted in sausages, the linearity range was from 104 to 108 CFU/㎖. The correlation coefficient (R2) of diluted cells was 0.9888 and the slope of the curve was —2.6621. The coefficient and slope of inoculated samples were 0.9916 and —2.747, respectively. The R2 value for serially diluted L. monocytogenes and artificially contaminated sausage samples were acceptable. The approach described in this study represents the potency of the quantification of L. monocytogenes in sausage samples by quantitative real-time PCR. It can be used in monitoring the presence and persistence of this pathogen in sausages.

오르막차로 시·종점 위치의 보정에 관한 연구

김상윤,오흥운 대한교통학회 2006 대한교통학회지 Vol.24 No.5

Acceleration and deceleration curves have been used for design purposes worldwide. The curve in design level has been regarded as an single deterministic curve to be used for design of climb lanes. It should be noted that the curve was originally made using ideal driving truck and that the curve is applied during design based on the assumption of no difference between ideal and real driving conditions. However, observations show that aged vehicles and lazy behavioring drivers may make lower performance of vehicles than the ideal performance. The present paper provides the results of truck speeds at climbing lanes then probabilistic variation of acceleration and deceleration curves. For these purposes, a study about identification of vehicle makers, and weights for trucks at freeway toll gates and then observation of vehicle-following speed were performed. The 85 %ile results obtained were compared with the deterministic performance curves of 180, 200, and 220 lb/hp.It was identified that the performance of 85 %ile results obtained from vehicle-following-speed observations were lower than one from deterministic performance curves. From these results, it may be concluded that at the beginning point of climbing lanes additional 16.19~67.94m is necessary and that at the end point of climbing lanes 53.12~103.24m of extension is necessary. 여러 나라에서 다양한 감속/가속 성능 곡선이 사용되어지고 있다. 이 성능곡선은 많은 경우에 결정론적 곡선으로서 오르막차로 설계에 사용되어지고 있다. 이 곡선은 실제 운행 중인 트럭이 표준트럭처럼 이상적인 성능을 보인다는 가정 하에 기준화되었고 또한 적용되어지고 있음을 염두 해 둘 필요가 있다. 그러나 많은 경우에 자동차의 노화 혹은 운전자의 가속등판에 대한 무관심으로 오르막화물차는 차량의 성능만큼 혹은 표준트럭의 성능만큼 주행하지 못하게 된다.본 논문은 이러한 오르막차로에서 주행하는 화물차의 실제 주행특성을 조사하여 오르막차로설계에 사용되고 있는 오르막차로 성능곡선기울기의 확률적 변동성을 검토하였다. 이를 위해 고속도로 요금소에서 계중기를 통과한 트럭의 차종 및 모델조사를 통해 중량/마력비를 산출하였다. 그리고 동일차량을 오르막차로 까지 추종하였다. 오르막차로에서는 동일차량의 추종을 통해 속도를 조사하였다. 또한 그동안 사용되어졌던 각종 감속/가속 성능곡선을 이용하여 180, 200, 220 lb/hp 의 세 가지로 구분하고 실제 이에 상응하는 관측된 85%ile 성능곡선의 특성을 비교하였다. 고속도로를 대상으로 한 오르막경사에서의 화물차 추종조사결과 실측된 감속곡선과 가속곡선은 관련기준에서 제시하는 곡선보다 성능이 떨어지는 형태를 보여주었다. 결론적으로 설계 시 기대했던 트럭의 속도를 현재의 오르막차로 시점부와 종점부에서 얻으려면 오르막차로의 시점부에서는 16.19~67.94m의 길이 연장이 필요하며, 오르막차로 종점부에서는 53.12 ~ 103.24m의 길이 연장이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

Freiesleben 함수를 이용한 콘크리트구조물의 새로운 강도관리모델 적용에 관한 연구

김무한 ( Kim Moo-han ),남재현 ( Nam Jae-hyun ),김정일 ( Kim Jeong-il ),길배수 ( Khil Bae-su ) 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2003 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집 Vol.7 No.2

As a construction technique is developed recently, the construction space and construction period are considered to important matters. Especially, in case of construction period, several method is proposed for strength control in the construction field. However there are very little strength control models for application of internal condition. The purpose of this study is to develop a strength control model for application of variety internal condition at construction field. The results are as follows ; 1) According to the results of compressive strength of concrete evaluated by logistic curve and proposed curve, proposed curve is applicable of construction field because there is similar relation with logistic curve. 2) It is shown that the construction period is shortened by reduction of the formwork removal time, because a predicted compressive strength of using the new curve is higher than the proposed compressive strength of standard.

비재하 가열에 의한 무내화피복 CFT 기둥의 잔존내력 예측에 관한 연구

김규용,이형준,이태규,김영선 한국화재소방학회 2009 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.23 No.3

Recently, fire resistance in high-rise building is becoming major problem socially. So it is need of hour to study on fire resistance in buildings. This study estimates fire resistance performance to utilized CFT (Concrete filled steel tube, below CFT) column in the high structure. But it is difficult quantitative evaluation about fire resistant performance of CFT. Therefore, this study made CFT specimen that determine the factor which is strength of concrete and then CFT column was exposed to heating controlled as closely as possible the ISO-834 standard fire curve. Also, tried to analyze internal temperature through nonlinear transient heat flow analysis. And, presumed extant compressive strength on the basis of this. 최근 고층건물의 화재안전성에 대한 문제점이 사회적으로 부각되어지고 있으며, 이러한 고층 건물에 다 수 사용되고 있는 CFT기둥 부재에 대한 내화성능을 정량적으로 평가하는 방법이나 기준들이 마련되지 않 은 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 고강도 콘크리트를 충전한 CFT 단주를 제작하여 내화실험을 실시하고, 화재시 내화성능평가 및 비정상온도분포해석을 이용한 해석을 수행하여 온도분포해석의 모델링을 제안할 수 있었다. 이것을 기초로 CFT Stub Column의 고온특성 평가결과를 활용하여 화재시 내화시간에 따른 CFT기둥의 잔존내력 예측식을 유도할 수 있었다.

건설안전분야 : 화재에 의한 지하공동구의 온도 및 응력해석

김현준 ( Hyun Jun Kim ),임초롱 ( Cho Rong Im ),유현경 ( Hyeon Kyeong Yoo ),정철헌 ( Chul Hun Chung ) 한국안전학회(구 한국산업안전학회) 2011 한국안전학회지 Vol.26 No.6

This paper has presented a finite element analysis of structural behaviour of box culvert during and after fires. The fire tests were carried out in afurnace on RC slabs using the ISO 834 standard fire curve. The load capacity after cooling of the RC slab that was not loaded during the fire testswas evaluated by means of additional 3 points bending tests. In the past, stress-strain models of concrete under fire loading have been proposed by several researchers. Comparisons are made with the load-displacement relations of RC slabs after fire loading using the existing stress- strain models with temperature, such as Schneider, EUROCODE 2, Lie, Shi and Nan model. By comparing the load- displacement relations, Lie model wasfound to result in a maximum load about 2.0% higher than that of test. Based on the fire test results of RC slabs, this paper presents an extensive analytical study on the fire response of box culvert during and after fires

화재시 플랜트 방호벽의 복사열 영향 평가에 대한 실험적 연구

박수영,여한승,신이철,이승재,최동호 한국화재소방학회 2022 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.36 No.5

Owing to infrastructure obsolescence, petrochemical plants possess a high risk of accidents. Various restrictions andregulations exist on the structural arrangement and separation distance to reduce the risk of damage from such accidentsand to encourage the use of fire walls in building structures. Currently, steel fire walls require revision because theirmaterial properties induce the production of radiant heat during a large fire, which can cause casualties. In this study, steelfire walls from an actual petrochemical plant were heated to follow a “KS F 2257-1” standard fire curve. Consequently,the possibility of fire and human damage due to heat flux and temperature changes were evaluated. 석유화학공장과 같은 플랜트는 설비 노후화 등으로 인해 사고 위험성이 높다. 이러한 사고 피해를 저감하기 위해여러 기준에서 배치 및 이격거리 제한을 두고 있으며, 보호시설이 있을 경우에는 방호벽을 설치하도록 하고 있다. 이러한 목적으로 사용되는 강판구조의 방호벽은 재질상의 특성으로 인해 대형화재시 복사열로 인한 인명피해가 발생할 수 있어 이에 대한 검토가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 실제 석유화학 플랜트에 설치된 강판구조의 방호벽을 선정하고, KS F 2257-1 표준화재 곡선으로 가열하였다. 그 결과, 복사열 및 온도상승으로 인한 화재발생 가능성과 인명피해 가능성을 평가하였다.

확률밀도함수를 이용한 상수도 실 배관의 피로수명 특성 평가

최정훈(Jung-Hun Choi),구재민(Jae-Mean Koo),석창성(Chang-Sung Seok),송원근(Weon-Keyu Song) 대한기계학회 2008 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.32 No.9

The fatigue characteristics of a material or a structure are generally derived from fatigue tests of standard specimens. However, test results of standard specimens are different from those of real structures or components. Therefore, to calculate more accurate fatigue life, the geometrical effect and surface condition must be considered by comparing test results of standard specimens with those of real structures or components. Thus the object of this paper is to evaluate the fatigue characteristics of a real waterwork pipe. Also, to evaluate fatigue characteristic based on life distribution, the statistical fatigue characteristics were analyzed by the normal distribution and related data of P-S-N curve.