한국 청소년의 가공음료 섭취에 영향을 미치는 요인

장재선 사단법인 대한보건협회 2023 대한보건연구 Vol.49 No.4

Purpose:This study was conducted to examine the differences in health patterns and mental health factors according to the intake of processed drinks among Korean adolescents and to identify factors influencing the consumption of processed drinks. Methods:For this study, chi-square analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the influencing factors of processed drinks, such as carbonated drinks and sweet drinks, in adolescents. Results:Adolescents' intake of carbonated drinks was found to be influenced by drinking experience, number of days of physical activity, weight control efforts, smartphone use time, subjective health perception, body shape perception, experience of sadness and despair, suicidal thoughts, and generalized anxiety disorder. Also, consumption of sweet drinks was found to be influenced by drinking experience, smoking experience, number of days of physical activity, weight control effort, smartphone use time, subjective health perception, body shape perception, stress perception, sadness and despair experience, and loneliness. Conclusion:Adolescents' intake of processed drinks was related to health-related and mental health factors. Based on this conclusion, there should be proper intake of processed drinks and healthy lifestyle management for adolescents in the future.

탄산음료와 탄산수의 대체관계에 영향을 미치는 식품선택요인 연구

박서영,이동민,정재석,문정훈 대한지역사회영양학회 2019 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.24 No.4

Objectives: This research was conducted to identify the consumers’ food choice factors that affect the consumers’ replacement of soft drinks with carbonated water. Methods: The present study used secondary data from a consumer panel survey conducted by the Rural Development Administration of Korea, and the data included the panel members’ purchase records based on their monthly spending receipts. The survey asked the participants about their food choice factors and their personal responsibility for their health. This survey included independent variables for the consumers’ food purchase factors. As a dependent variable, two types of groups were defined. The replacement group included those people who increased their purchase of carbonated water and decreased their purchase of soft drinks. The non-replacement group included those people who did not change their purchase patterns or they increased their purchase of soft drinks and they decreased their purchase of carbonated water. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the consumers’ food choice factors that were associated with replacing soft drinks with carbonated water. Results: The replacement group was significantly associated with (1) a younger age (OR=0.953), (2) being a housewife (OR=2.03), (3) higher income (OR=1.001) and (4) less concern about price (OR=0.819) when purchasing food. This group also showed (5) higher enjoyment (OR=1.328) when choosing food and (6) they took greater responsibly for their personal health (OR=1.233). Conclusions: This research is the first study to mainly focus on soft drinks and carbonated water. The result of this research showed that young, health-conscious consumers with a higher income and who are more interested in food have more possibilities to replace soft drinks with carbonated water. These research findings may be applied to consumers who have characteristics that are similar to the young health-conscious consumers and the results can help to suggest ways to reduce sugar intake and improve public health. However, this research has a limitation due to the application of secondary data. Therefore, a future study is needed to develop detailed survey questions about food choice factors and to extend these factors to all beverages, including soft drinks made with sugar substitutes, so as to reflect the growth of alternative industries that use artificial sweeteners or different types of sugar to make commercially available drinks.

전과정평가 기법을 활용한 탄산음료의 탄소배출량 평가

김종석(Jongsek Kim),임노현(Noh-Hyun Lim),신윤미(Yoonmis Shin),박경욱(Kyungwook Park),한인섭(Ihn Sup Han) 대한환경공학회 2021 대한환경공학회지 Vol.43 No.1

목적: 지구온난화로 인한 기상이변에 따른 소비자 인식이 증가하면서 기업들은 온실가스 배출을 줄이기 위해 노력하고 있다. 다양한 제품에 대한 많은 연구가 보고되고 있지만 우리나라에서 탄산음료 제품에 대한 온실가스 배출과 관련한 연구는 찾아보기가 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 대표적인 국내 탄산음료 제품의 온실가스 배출량 및 영향을 분석하고자 한다. 방법: 본 연구에서 사용한 온실가스 배출량 산정 방법은 환경부의 환경성적표지 작성지침 방법론에 따라 산정했고, 이는 ISO 14040 등의 국제표준을 기반으로 개발되었다. 탄산음료에 대한 전과정평가 단계는 제조 전단계, 제조 단계, 유통 및 폐기 단계에 대하여 고려되었으며 사용단계는 환경부 방법론에 따라 제외하였다. 결과 및 토의: 본 연구대상인 탄산음료 500 mL, 1.5 L의 전과정평가를 통해 도출된 제조 전단계, 제조 및 폐기단계에서의 온실가스 배출량 결과를 분석한 결과, 전체 온실가스 배출량의 60% 이상이 제조 전단계인 PET병 제조공정에서 배출되는 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 탄산음료의 온실가스 배출량을 줄이기 위해서는 제조 전단계에 해당되는 PET병 제조에 대한 온실가스 배출량을 줄이도록 노력해야 한다. 연구에 활용된 주요 데이터 및 가정에 대해 민감도 분석을 수행하였고, PET병 및 마개 제조단계에서 재활용 플라스틱 적용 및 최종 폐기단계에서 재활용율 10% 향상을 가정했는데 민감도는 7% 미만으로 도출되어 연구 결과에 대한 신뢰도는 높다고 판단된다. 결론: 본 연구결과를 토대로 하여 탄산음료의 온실가스 배출량을 저감하기 위해서는 플라스틱 포장재 경량화 및 포장재 원료로 재활용 플라스틱과 신재와 혼합하여 PET병 포장재를 제조하는 것이 온실가스 배출량을 줄이는 주요 방안이 됨을 확인하였다. 또한 본 연구와 같이 제품 온실가스 배출량 조사 및 인증은 산업계 온실가스 감축 및 저탄소 소비자 문화 확대에도 기여할 것으로 사료된다. Objectives : In accordance with the concern of global warming problem, many companies in Korea are striving to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with consumer awareness. Many studies have been reported for various products; however it is difficult to find carbonated soft drinks in Korea. The purpose of this study is to the impact of the greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbonated soft drinks in Korea. Methods : Calculation method of the greenhouse gas emissions followed “Guidelines for Carbon Footprint of Products” used in Korean Carbon Footprint Labeling. It was developed based on international standards such as ISO 14040 series. Life cycle of carbonated soft drinks was considered as a pre-manufacturing stage, manufacturing stage, distribution and disposal stage. Use stage of the product was excluded. Results and Discussion : This study shows that the package types and amounts for pre-manufacturing, manufacturing and disposal steps of carbonated soft drinks (the unit contents: 500 mL/unit, 1.5 L/unit), and also shows the results of greenhouse gas emissions. From the results, the pre-manufacturing stage of PET bottle manufacturing is the first contributor that occupy above 60% of greenhouse gas emissions. For reducing carbon emissions, low carbon manufacturing techniques for PET bottle are important. Sensitivity analysis was performed for PET bottle manufacturing, cap manufacturing and waste plastic disposal including site data and assumptions made. The sensitivity of each item was less than 7%. Conclusions : In conclusion, this study shows that the pre-manufacturing step of PET bottle and cap production have very significant impact on the greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore lightweight packages and usage of recycled plastics would be main techniques for reducing greenhouse gas emissions of carbonated soft drinks. From this study, the increment of product’s carbon footprint certification would be used as an effective policy instrument for achieving reduction goals of Korea Government. And also it could be used to spread the culture of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

기능성 첨가 천연 탄산음료 제품 개발을 위한 기능성음료 관심도 및 재료 선호도 연구

최희령,김재식,이진실,홍완수 한국식품조리과학회 2017 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.33 No.5

Purpose: This research was performed to determine consumer interests in functional drinks and preferences related to materials to develop functional natural carbonated drinks. Methods: A survey was conducted enrolling adults over the age of 20 years. Data analysis of 544 valid samples was performed using SPSS 18.0. Results: The interest in functional drinks was statistically different by gender, marital status, parental status, age, disease presence, and monthly income. In the case of natural carbonated drinks with functionality, participants with diseases, a monthly income of more than 4,000,000 KRW or under 2,000,000 KRW, and an age over 50 years showed significantly higher purchase intentions. Participants in their 50s showed statistically high preference for all fruits other than orange, lemon, lime, and grapefruit as well as all Oriental and other additives except green tea. Those with a monthly income of 4,000,000 KRW or more showed statistically high preference only for acai berry, mulberry, and grapefruit as well as for all the Oriental and other additives except Japanese Apricot, big blue lilyturf, licorice, and aloe. Participants with disease showed statistically significant preference for boxthorn, ginger, ginseng, Korean Angelica, licorice, and big blue lilyturf. According to the level of interest in functional drinks, the high-interest cluster showed statistically significant high preference for all fruit additives as well as all Oriental and other additives except big blue lilyturf, semi-fermented tea, black tea, and aloe. Conclusion: Preference results in this study may be used to develop natural carbonated drinks with functionality for specific targets.

천연 탄산음료 제품의 소비자 이용 실태 및 인식도에 관한 연구

최희령,홍완수,Choi, Hee-Ryong,Hong, Wan-Soo 한국식품조리과학회 2016 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.32 No.5

Purpose: This research was to understand the consumer awareness and consumption of natural carbonated drinks in Korea. Methods: A survey was conducted enrolling adults over the age of 20, residing in Seoul and its metropolitan area, and who consumed natural carbonated drinks. Data analysis of 544 valid samples was performed using SPSS 17.0. Results: The study showed that consumers mostly purchased natural carbonated water the most, primarily as a water substitute. However, many other usages that the consumer selected showed a possibility for a more versatile usages of natural carbonated drinks. As for the reason of purchase, 'interest in a new product' showed the highest mean value. The factor 'interest in a new product', 'interest in its effectiveness on skin care and diet', 'lower-calorie products', 'health benefits from the usage of natural flavoring and coloring' and 'recommendation from acquaintances' showed statistically significant higher values for women than men. The most frequent and preferred location for purchase were large discount stores, and the most preferred, major informants were in the order 'tasting events at marts and department stores', 'TV/radio advertisement' and 'recommendations from family/friends'. Analysis of the purchase intent showed high interest for non-alcoholic natural carbonated drinks. Conclusion: The study results can be used as baseline data to establish marketing strategies in the emerging natural carbonated beverage market.

제로칼로리 탄산음료에 대한 고찰: 국내 시장 분석과 관련 학술 연구 동향을 중심으로

정은영 한국웰니스학회 2023 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.18 No.3

In this paper, the zero-calorie drinks sold in Korea were investigated, and trends in domestic academic research on zero-calorie drinks were analyzed. Carbonated drinks have been shown to have an adverse effect on overweight, obesity, diabetes, and tooth decay due to calories and sugar. As a result of comparing 20 carbonated drinks sold in Korea with the original product, the calories of the original product were 10-51.8 Kcal per 100mL, and the zero-calorie product was 0-3.2 Kcal. In addition, the original product contained 8-13.6g of sugar per 100mL, and zero-calorie products did not contain any sugar. The main sweeteners of the original product were sugar syrup, sugar, and fructose, and the zero-calorie products were aspartame, sucralose, and accelsulfam potassium. Among the academic documents related to "diet drinks," "low-calorie drinks," "zero-calorie drinks," and "sugar-free drinks," there were two diet beverage marketing studies, three diet beverage material development studies, two diet beverage effect studies, and one diet beverage sensuality evaluation study. In addition, among academic documents related to "Aspatame," "Sucralose," and "Acesulfame potassium," there were seven material development studies and four dietary intake evaluation studies.

Removal Efficiency of the Herbicide Oxadiazon in Treatment Processes for Drinking Water

Mokhlesur, Rahman,Kim, Tae-Hwa,Kwon, Gi-Seok,Yang, Jae-E.,Park, Man,Kim, Jang-Eok The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2009 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.52 No.3

A comparative study was performed to evaluate the removal efficiency of herbicide, oxadiazon as an organic contaminant in treatment processes for drinking water. In this investigation, three major treatment processes such as chlorination, ozonation and activated carbon treatment were applied separately to water system. The level of oxadiazon gradually decreased to 28%, when chloride as a disinfectant was applied to the water supply. Activated carbon treatments showed that this herbicide was removed efficiently from the aqueous solution. The results indicated that the performance of powdered activated carbon was more effective than granular activated carbon in terms of adsorption. The adsorption isotherms exhibited an excellent agreement with the experimental data and they were also well represented by the Langmuir and Freundlich equations, indicating the higher adsorption capacity for activated carbons. During ozone treatment, 50% of oxadiazon was removed but this removal was enhanced by the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The association of ozonation with chloride and activated carbon treatments was considered to be the best-tested treatment for drinking water production. Therefore, if oxadiazon enters into the water ecosystem as an organic contaminant, it could be removed effectively by the drinking water treatment processes.

Beverage consumption among Korean adolescents

Jihee Kim,Sungha Yun,Kyungwon Oh 한국영양학회 2019 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.13 No.1

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Association between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and obesity is universally a controversial issue. This study was undertaken to examine the beverage consumption pattern of Korean adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data was collected from the 2016 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey involving 65,528 adolescent respondents. A list of the most frequently consumed beverages was analyzed, and the consumption frequency of carbonated beverages, SSBs, and energy drinks during the past seven-days was assessed. The main reasons for the adolescents to consume the beverages were also determined. RESULTS: The beverage preference of adolescents were carbonated beverages (31.0%), ‘fruit and vegetable beverages (17.7%)", ‘milk (13.6%)", and ‘coffee (12.7%)". Carbonated beverages and SSBs were consumed more than three times a week by 27.1% and 41.1% of the respondents, respectively. About 86.2% of adolescents did not take of any energy drinks during the last seven-days. Taste was the most common reason that adolescents considered when choosing a drink. Carbonated beverages consumed more frequently by boys than girls, and high school students drank coffee more frequently than middle school students. CONCLUSIONS: Boys had a higher preference for unhealthy beverages than girls, whereas consumption of high-caffeine drinks was greater amongst high-school students than middle school students.

Removal Efficiency of the Herbicide Oxadiazon in Treatment Processes for Drinking Water

Md. Mokhlesur Rahman,Tae-Hwa Kim,Gi-Seok Kwon,양재의,박만,Jang-Eok Kim 한국응용생명화학회 2009 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.52 No.3

A comparative study was performed to evaluate the removal efficiency of herbicide, oxadiazon as an organic contaminant in treatment processes for drinking water. In this investigation, three major treatment processes such as chlorination, ozonation and activated carbon treatment were applied separately to water system. The level of oxadiazon gradually decreased to 28%, when chloride as a disinfectant was applied to the water supply. Activated carbon treatments showed that this herbicide was removed efficiently from the aqueous solution. The results indicated that the performance of powdered activated carbon was more effective than granular activated carbon in terms of adsorption. The adsorption isotherms exhibited an excellent agreement with the experimental data and they were also well represented by the Langmuir and Freundlich equations, indicating the higher adsorption capacity for activated carbons. During ozone treatment, 50% of oxadiazon was removed but this removal was enhanced by the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The association of ozonation with chloride and activated carbon treatments was considered to be the best-tested treatment for drinking water production. Therefore, if oxadiazon enters into the water ecosystem as an organic contaminant, it could be removed effectively by the drinking water treatment processes.

수돗물의 탄소와 인 농도에 따른 세균의 생장과 C/P 소모율

최성찬,박세근,김영관 대한상하수도학회 2013 상하수도학회지 Vol.27 No.6

Bacterial growth and corresponding consumption of carbon and phosphorus were examined in which tap water samples containing a very low concentration of free chlorine were supplemented with organic carbon and/or phosphorus. The experiments were performed in a fed-batch mode under a controlled temperature of 20℃. In the phosphorus alone-added water, there was no significant increase in bacterial numbers measured as heterotrophic plate count (HPC) in the bulk water. However, bacterial growth was stimulated by the addition of carbon (e.g., bulk HPC levels increased to 103 CFU/mL) and further stimulated by the combined addition of carbon and phosphorus (e.g., bulk HPC to 105 CFU/mL). The same effects were observed in biofilm HPC and biomass formed on polyethylene (PE) slide surfaces. In the water where organic carbon and phosphorus were added together, the highest biofilm HPC and biomass (measured as extracellular polymeric substance components) densities were observed which were 7.6×105 CFU/cm2 and 5.3 μg/cm2, respectively. In addition to the bacterial growth, additions of organic carbon and/or phosphorus resulted in different bacterial carbon-to-phosphorus (C/P) consumption ratios. Compared to a typical bacterial C/P consumption ratio of 100:1, a higher C/P ratio (590:1) occurred in the carbon alone-added water, while a lower ratio (40:1) in phosphorus alone-added water. Comparative value (80:1) of C/P ratio was also observed in the water where organic carbon and phosphorus were added together. At the given experimental conditions, bacterial growth was deemed to be more sensitive to microbially available organic carbon than phosphorus. The effect of phosphorus addition, which resulted in a lower C/P consumption ratio, seemed to be tightly associated with the presence of microbially available organic carbon. These results suggested that the control of extrinsic carbon influx seemed to be more important to minimize bacterial regrowth in drinking water system, since even low content of phosphorus naturally occurring in drinking water was enough to allow a bacterial growth