Canola전지종실과 유박 및 기름의 대사에너지 함량과 아미노산 이용률

이규호,심정석 한국가금학회 1990 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

본시험은 Canola 전지종실과 Canola 박 및 Canola 유의 유효에너지가(AM 및 TME)와 아미노산 이용을(TAAA)를 측정하기 위하여 실시하였다. 본시험에는 단관백색레그혼종(S.C.W.C.) 성계수탉이 실시되었으며, AME시험에서는 측정사료인Canola 전지증실, Canola 박 Canola 박+유(60:40)을 30% 그리고 Canola 유를 10% 배합한 4종의 시험사료와 기초사료를 각각 자유채식시켰고 예비시험기간은 3일 채분기간은 4일이었다. TME와 TAAA시험에서는 Canola 전지종실과 Canola 박은 단-사료로, Canola 박+유와 Canola 유는 각각 기초사료에 30%와 10%의 비율로 혼합하여 각각 1일 30g을 24시간의 절식기간 후에 강제투여(force feeding)하였고 48시간동안 전분을 채취하였다. 모든 에너지가는 질소정정 에너지가로 환산하였는데, Canola 전지종실, Canola 박, Canola 유 및 Canola +유의 AMEn가는 각각 4,485, 1,984. 8,275 및 5,655 kcal/kg이었고 TMEn가는 각각 4,577, 2,103, 8,487 및 5,630kcal/kg으로 측정되어 Canola 박+유는 Canola 전지종실보다 높은 에너지가를 나타냈으며(P<0.01), 전반적으로 Canola전지종실은 Canola 박보다 높은 TAAA가를 나타냈다. Apparent and true metabolizable energy (AME and TME) contents and true amino acid availability (TAAA) values of full-fat seed, oil meal and oil of canola were assayed employing mature Single Comb white Leghorn roosters. For AME, test diets containing 30% level of canola full-fat seed, oil meal, oil meal plus oil or 10% level of oil were fed for a 3-day adaptation period, followed by a 4-day fecal collection period. For TME and TAAA, 30g test diets were force-fed and total excreta were collected for 48 hours, following a 24 hour fasting period. Metabolizable energy values were corrected to zero nitrogen balance(AMEn and TMEn), Canola contained 4,485, 1,984,8,275 and 5,655kcal/kg of AMEn and 4,577, 2,103, 8,487 and 5,630kcal/kg of TMEn for full-fat seed, oil meal, oil and mixture of meal plus oil, respectirely. The mixtures of oil meal plus oil had significantly higher available energy contents than the full-fat seeds (p<0.01) . In general, TAAA values of full-fat seed were higher than those of oil meal.

Detection of eight genetically modified canola events using two event-specific pentaplex PCR systems

Kim, J.H.,Park, S.B.,Hong, Y.,Kim, H.Y. Butterworths ; Taylor Francis ; Elsevier Science 2015 FOOD CONTROL Vol.51 No.-

An event-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection method was developed to simultaneously detect eight genetically modified (GM) canola events (GT73, MS1, MS8, RF1, RF2, RF3, T45, and Topas 19/2). For a successful multiplex PCR assay, the eight GM canola events were divided into groups 1 and 2 in consideration of their amplicon sizes, primer efficiencies, and target sequences. In addition to the canola endogenous reference gene, FatA, the two pentaplex PCR assays targeted group 1, containing GT73, MS8, RF3, and T45, and group 2, including MS1, RF1, RF2, and Topas 19/2. Event-specific primers targeting the eight GM canola events were designed, and their specificities were confirmed using 14 GM events of maize, soybean, cotton, and canola. After optimizing the reaction conditions, the limits of detection of these two assays were approximately 0.025% for group 1 and 0.0125% for group 2. This multiplex PCR method for eight GM canola events was validated by two operators, and the data confirmed the reliability of the developed assays. The method was used to test commercially available canola seed (eight samples) and meal (one sample) produced in South Korea, China, Canada, and Australia, and the results revealed one or more GM canola events in seven of the nine samples tested. These results show that the developed multiplex system is applicable for use in the specific testing of eight commercially available GM canola events.

자연생태계 모니터링을 통한 glyphosate와 glufosinate-ammonium에 저항성을 가지는 유전자변형 캐놀라의 발견

신수영,조범호,문정찬,이중로,최원균,설민아,김미정,송해룡 한국식물생명공학회 2016 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.43 No.4

Living modified (LM) crops are imported each year to South Korea as food and feeds, LM canola being one of the imported crops. The cultivation of LM crops is not permitted in South Korea but the import of these crops is increasing. In this study, we surveyed the environmental risk of imported LM canola at 9 provinces, from March 2009 to June 2013. Monitoring of canola was conducted around feed factories, roadsides, harbors, farmhouses, and flower festival regions. From the total of 595 canola samples collected from 1850 monitoring sites, we identified 6 LM canola samples. The LM canola samples were subjected to protein and DNA based analysis. PCR analyses using approved 5 single event primers (T45, MS8, RT73, Rf3 and Topas 19-2) revealed that two crops were glyphosate-resistant LM canolas, and four were glufosinate-resistant LM canolas. This study suggested that environmental monitoring is a useful research tool to manage LM crops unintentionally introduced into the environment in South Korea. This result can be used as a basis for future post-management of canola crops. 식품용 및 사료용 유전자변형작물은 매년 국내에 수입이되고 있으며 유전자변형 캐놀라는 중요한 수입 작물 중의하나이다. 유전자변형작물의 국내 재배는 허용되고 있지않지만 수입양은 매년 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 2009년부터 2013년까지 전국 9개 도를 대상으로 국내수입된 유전자변형 캐놀라의 자연생태계 내 유출 정도를파악하고자 모니터링을 실시하였다. 모니터링 조사는 항만, 사료공장, 축산농가, 운송로, 축제지 주변을 대상으로실시하였다. 채집된 유전자변형 캐놀라 의심시료는 DNA 에 기반을 둔 방법과 단백질에 기반을 둔 방법으로 분석하였다. 총 1850개 지점 조사에서 총 595개의 의심시료를 발견하였으며 6개의 유전자변형 캐놀라를 확인하였다. 국내 수입 승인된 단일이벤트 T45, MS8, RT73, Rf3, Topas 19-2의primer를 사용한 PCR반응을 통해 2개의 glyphosate 저항성을가지는 이벤트와 4 개의 glufosinate-ammonium에 저항성을가지는 이벤트를 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 자연환경 모니터링 연구가 자연생태계 내의 유전자변형작물의 비의도적 유출을 예방하기 위해 매우 유용하다는 것을 알 수 있으며 사후관리를 수행하기 위한 기초자료를 구축하는데 활용될 것으로 사료된다.

자연생태계 모니터링을 통한 glyphosate와 glufosinate-ammonium에 저항성을 가지는 유전자변형 캐놀라의 발견

신수영,조범호,문정찬,이중로,최원균,설민아,김미정,송해룡,Shin, Su Young,Jo, Beom-Ho,Moon, Jeong Chan,Lee, Jung Ro,Choi, Wonkyun,Seol, Min-A,Kim, Mi-Jeong,Song, Hae-Ryong 한국식물생명공학회 2016 식물생명공학회지 Vol.43 No.4

식품용 및 사료용 유전자변형작물은 매년 국내에 수입이 되고 있으며 유전자변형 캐놀라는 중요한 수입 작물 중의 하나이다. 유전자변형작물의 국내 재배는 허용되고 있지않지만 수입양은 매년 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 2009년부터 2013년까지 전국 9개 도를 대상으로 국내 수입된 유전자변형 캐놀라의 자연생태계 내 유출 정도를 파악하고자 모니터링을 실시하였다. 모니터링 조사는 항만, 사료공장, 축산농가, 운송로, 축제지 주변을 대상으로 실시하였다. 채집된 유전자변형 캐놀라 의심시료는 DNA에 기반을 둔 방법과 단백질에 기반을 둔 방법으로 분석하였다. 총 1850개 지점 조사에서 총 595개의 의심시료를 발견하였으며 6개의 유전자변형 캐놀라를 확인하였다. 국내 수입 승인된 단일이벤트 T45, MS8, RT73, Rf3, Topas 19-2의 primer를 사용한 PCR반응을 통해 2개의 glyphosate 저항성을 가지는 이벤트와 4 개의 glufosinate-ammonium에 저항성을 가지는 이벤트를 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 자연환경 모니터링 연구가 자연생태계 내의 유전자변형작물의 비의도적 유출을 예방하기 위해 매우 유용하다는 것을 알 수 있으며 사후관리를 수행하기 위한 기초자료를 구축하는데 활용될 것으로 사료된다. Living modified (LM) crops are imported each year to South Korea as food and feeds, LM canola being one of the imported crops. The cultivation of LM crops is not permitted in South Korea but the import of these crops is increasing. In this study, we surveyed the environmental risk of imported LM canola at 9 provinces, from March 2009 to June 2013. Monitoring of canola was conducted around feed factories, roadsides, harbors, farmhouses, and flower festival regions. From the total of 595 canola samples collected from 1850 monitoring sites, we identified 6 LM canola samples. The LM canola samples were subjected to protein and DNA based analysis. PCR analyses using approved 5 single event primers (T45, MS8, RT73, Rf3 and Topas 19-2) revealed that two crops were glyphosate-resistant LM canolas, and four were glufosinate-resistant LM canolas. This study suggested that environmental monitoring is a useful research tool to manage LM crops unintentionally introduced into the environment in South Korea. This result can be used as a basis for future post-management of canola crops.

Multiplex PCR 방법을 이용한 국내 승인 5개 LM 유채의 검출법 개발

조범호,이중로,최원균,문정찬,신수영,엄순재,설민아,김일룡,송해룡 한국식물생명공학회 2015 식물생명공학회지 Vol.42 No.2

Canola is a crop globally used for production of oil and biofuel. Cultivation area and import volume of living modified (LM) canola have been increasing every year. As canola import dependence has reached 100% in Korea, efforts have been made for safety management of LM canola and ecological risk assessment. We developed a set of multiplex PCR method for simultaneous detection of 5 LM canola events (Topas 19/2, Rf3, Ms8, RT73 and T45) approved in Korea. The multiplex PCR assay developed allows amplification of estimated products of 5 LM canolas from event specific primer sets. Primer extension time was skipped for a time-consuming process and two annealing steps (20 cycles at 55°C and 20 cycles at 60°C) were performed for yielding the best result which was sufficient to distinguish five LM canolas. Our results suggest that multiplex PCR method provides a cost and time-effective approach for LM canola detection.

제초제저항성 유채로부터 교잡근연종으로의 화분을 통한 유전자이동 조사

이범규,손수인 한국잔디학회 2019 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.8 No.2

The development and use of genetically modified (GM) crops have continuously increased. In particular, canola is the fourth largest GM crop in the world after soy, maize and cotton. Canola (Brassica napus) can hybridize with B. rapa, B. juncea and B. oleraceae, due to its genetic affinity with them, and is known to be hybridizable with various relatives. The commercialization of GM canola requires the establishment of risk assessment techniques. Canola has a relatively long pollen dispersal and can hybridize with wild species; thus, it requires rigorous safety assessment techniques for gene flow. This study investigated gene flow from canola to other Brassicaceae crops in the field area. Herbicide resistant canola was used as the pollen donor and placed at the center, and Chinese cabbage, turnip and leaf mustard were placed in four directions from the canola as pollen recipients. To analyze hybridization, seeds were harvested from the pollen recipient plants, and herbicide resistant seeds were selected by using an imidazolinone herbicide. Then, gene flow was verified through PCR analysis. Chinese cabbage showed a hybridization rate of 0.083% at the close distances of 0-6.1 m, and 0.033% at the distances of 9.15-15.25 m. Turnip showed a hybridization rate of 0.067% at 0-6.1 m from the pollen donor, but no turnip hybrid was found at the distances of 9.15-27.5 m. For leaf mustard, no hybrid was found in this experiment. At greater distances, one turnip hybrid was found at 30.5m and one Chinese cabbage hybrid at 64.05 m. It is expected that the results of this study would be used as basic data for establishing safety management practices for GM canola.

Effect of Bacillus subtilis C4 and B. cereus D8 on Plant Growth of Canola and Controlling Activity Against Soft Rot and Stem Rot

이재은,이서현,박경수,박진우,박경석 한국농약과학회 2009 농약과학회지 Vol.13 No.4

The effect of two plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on plant growth and systemic protection against soft rot disease and stem rot disease of canola (Brassica napus), caused by Erwinia carotovora and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was investigated in a laboratory and a greenhouse. Selected PGPR strains C4 and D8 were treated to canola seeds by soaking. Strains C4 and D8 significantly not only increased plant height and root length about 74% and 40.3% and also reduced disease severity of soft rot disease by 80% by C4 and D8 respectively, compared to the control. Especially strain C4 showed antifungal activity against 6 fungal pathogens, S. sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici and Colletotrichum acutatum. In greenhouse experiment, the seed treatment of both of them increased plant height, leaf width and leaf length of canola plant to 19.5% and 24.9%, 11.3% and 15.3%, and 14.1% and 20.7% by C4 and D8, respectively, and reduced disease severity of S. sclerotiorium. These results indicate that these two PGPR strains can decrease disease severity and increased plant growth under greenhouse condition. Therefore, these two bacteria have a potential in controlling Sclerotinia stem rot of canola. These strains have to investigate under field condition to determine their role of antibiosis, induced systemic resistance and plant growth promotion on canola.

Exploring canola planting area using AHP associated with GIS in Meymeh–Zarinabad of Iran

Hassan Fathizad,Nasibeh Pakbaz,Hamid Sodaiezadeh,Saeed Shojaei 대한공간정보학회 2017 Spatial Information Research Vol.25 No.3

Studying physiological needs of plants and their climatic parameters are the main factors to reach optimal productions and reduce the plant injuries such as adverse effects of the harsh environmental conditions. The present study was conducted to evaluate the five main criteria including climate (containing sub criteria of annual minimum temperature, annual mean temperature, annual maximum temperature, annual relative humidity, and annual glacial), soil, slope, land type and land use in locating the capable areas for planting canola in Meymeh–Zarinabad, south west of Iran, using GIS and AHP. For this purpose, meteorological data taken from 26 synoptic stations were used. All criteria were weighted and modeled using AHP and GIS. The results showed the climate and slope with respectively 0.33 and 0.24 are the most important factors for planting canola. Besides, the capability of the case study for this species was classified in four classes of very good, good, medium, and feeble. Results indicated 565,684, 90,586, 63,000 and 51,247 ha were respectively very good, good, medium and feeble. The role of climatic and ground parameters is different in various areas, so with integrating the effective layers, appropriate areas for canola will be obtained.

Effects of dietary humic acid and enzymes on meat quality and fatty acid profiles of broiler chickens fed canola-based diets

Amogelang R.P. Disetlhe,Upenyu Marume,Victor Mlambo,Arno Hugo 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.5

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effect of potassium humate and enzymes (Xylanase+Amylase+Protease) inclusion in diets on carcass characteristics, meat quality and fatty acid profiles of broilers fed canola-based diets. Methods: Two hundred and twenty broilers randomly allotted to 5 dietary treatments: the control (commercial broiler diet); CM (17.5% canola meal inclusion); CMEnz (17.5% CM inclusion+0.3 g/kg Axtra XAP); CMPh (17.5% CM inclusion+1.5% Potassium Humate, PH); and CMEnzPh (17.5% CM inclusion+1.5% PH+0.3 g/kg Axtra XAP) were slaughtered at day 42 for assessment of carcass and meat quality parameters. Results: Diet had no effect on carcass traits apart from breast muscle weight and breast muscle index. The highest breast muscle weight was observed in broilers fed CMEnz (487.6±17.5 g) followed by those fed the control diet (474.37±17.5 g). Diet also had no significant dietary effect on pH, temperature, drip loss and shear force values of the breast muscle. However, diet significantly affected meat colour and water-holding capacity. Broilers in the control and CMPh groups (52.94±0.67 and 52.91±0.67) had the highest (p<0.05) values for lightness (L*), whilst those fed CMEnzPh had the lowest value (47.94±0.67). In contrast, CM group had the lowest (p<0.05) value for redness (a*) with CMEnzPh group having the highest values. The proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), n-6 and n-3 fatty acids and the PUFA/saturated fatty acid ratio were increased in CM-based diets containing enzymes and humic acid. Conclusion: It can, therefore, be concluded that CM can be included in broiler diets in the presence of enzymes and humic acid with positive effects on meat quality and important fatty acids that are beneficial to the health of consumers.

Expression of two-cold regulated genes of canola responding to cold acclimation

Moon Tae Song(宋文台),로렌스코플랜드(Lawrence O. Copeland) 한국육종학회 1995 한국육종학회지 Vol.27 No.1

Cold acclimation increases freezing tolerance and the changes of gene expression may involve in the enhancement of freezing tolerance during cold acclimation. This study was conducted to determine the responses of two cold-regulated genes in canola (Brassica napus L.), BN28 and BN115, to cold acclimation and find out correlation between increasing of freezing tolerance and the expression of the genes. Six winter cultivars and one spring cultivar that had previously exhibited a broad range of winter survival were examined in a controlled environment chamber. Southern blot analysis revealed that the seven cultivars examined had the same copy number of BN28 and BN115. Northern blot analysis indicated that these genes were induced within one day by cold temperature and turned off immediately by deacclimation. Though time-course increase of transcript in one of the genes was highly correlated with the time-course increase of freezing tolerance, no correlation was found at the cultivar lever at specific time of measurement. However, this does not rule out the possible role of cold-regulated genes in freezing tolerance of canola.