스토리텔링으로 본 고군산군도 어민들의 삶과 생활

김수관 ( Su Gwan Kim ),김미경 ( Mi Kyung Kim ) 한국도서(섬)학회 2013 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.25 No.4

This study was conceived by the desperate need for specific records considering the life and living of fishermen on the Gogunsan Archipelago. Gogunsan Archipelago had to go through ongoing and rapid changes under the influence of Saemangeum Reclamation Project that brought about huge transformation in the west coast during the 21st century. This study sorted out the oral contents of elderly fishermen that earned a living through fishing activities around the archipelago throughout their lives. The investigators visited Jangja, Seonyu, Munyeo, Bangchuk, Myeong and Mal Islands, collecting oral records or so-called life history and put them together. Other records regarding witnesses of elderly fishermen`s fishing styles and distribution were also recorded and put together. The study presented the story of elderly fishermen`s lives and living in order to communicate with the future generations through storytelling. It tried to recreate the traditional culture passed down from many years ago in today`s language, and offer an opportunity for people to recall the preciousness of traditional values. The purpose was to use storytelling elements in order to understand the present and prepare for the future. By observing the past, the study hoped to help the archipelago meet the demands of the times involving changes in the modern civilization. In this sense, many stories regarding the life and living of fishermen around the archipelago needed to be collected. The present study translated the stories into oral narratives and contemplated upon how to utilize storytelling and translate them into cultural content business. Based on the research experience on "Festival of the Islands` Shamanist Customs," which grouped four islands (Seonyu, Munyeo, Jangja, and Daejang Island) of the archipelago, that enjoyed a high popularity and a large group of tourists, into a single traditional cultural content, the investigators thought over on how to highlight the individuality of the four islands and further on their neighboring ones, while at the same time grouping the advantages of a good cultural archetype around a single theme. The study explored one-source and multi-use approaches in order to analyze the development of traditional cultural content, and made use of those contents by introducing various storytelling elements.

북극 스발바르조약에 관한 연구

이용희 한국해사법학회 2013 해사법연구 Vol.25 No.2

무주지인 스발바르군도는 1920년 스발바르조약에 의하여 노르웨이의 영토가 되었다. 그러나 스발바르군도에 대한 노르웨이의 주권은 완전한 것이 아니었다. 비군사적 목적으로만 사용되어야 하고, 군도와 주변해역의 이용에 대해서는 조약당사국 국민에게 노르웨이 국민과 동등한 자격으로 참여할 수 있는 권리를 부여하였다. 국제법이 발전함에 따라 노르웨이는 스발바르군도를 기점으로 기존의 영해 뿐만 아니라 배타적 경제수역과 대륙붕을 설정할 수 있는 권리를 보유하게 되었다. 실제로 노르웨이는 스발바르군도 주변해역에 12해리 영해, 200해리 어업보호수역, 200해리를 초과하는 대륙붕을 설정하였다. 노르웨이는 확장된 해양관할권에 대하여는 스발바르조약이 영향을 미치지 않는다고 주장하고 있는 반면에 기타 조약당사국은 그 반대의 입장을 견지하고 있다. 이러한 국제법적 분쟁의 결과는 2012년 9월 동 조약에 가입한 우리나라에게도 중요한 의미를 미친다고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 배경 하에서 본 논문은 스발바르조약의 체결 배경과 스발바르군도 주변 해양관할권 현황을 살펴본 후, 스발바르조약의 해석 및 적용과 관련된 국제법적 쟁점을 분석하고 동 분쟁의 해결방안을 검토하였다. The archipelago of Svalbard which had been a terra nullius belonged to the Norwegian Territory by the 1920 Svalbard Treaty. However, the Norwegian sovereignty on the archipelago was not full and absolute. The treaty banned to use the archipelago for the military purpose and recognised the equal right to the other State parties of the treaty to carry on economic activities including fishing and mining in the archipelago and its territorial seas. Based on the developed international laws, Norway has a legal title to claim the full maritime jurisdictions around the archipelago. In fact, Norway expanded the outer limits of the territorial sea from 4 nm to 12 nm and established a 200 nm Fishery Protection Zone and a continental shelf, extending 200 nm around the archipelago. Regarding the geographical scope, Norway argued that the treaty does not have any effects on the newly established maritime zone in accordance with the principle of restrictive interpretation. On the other hand, some State parties of the treaty insist the opposite view on the basis of the principle of evolutive interpretation and state practices. The results of the above international legal dispute would practically impact on the interest of the Korean Government which acceded the treaty in September 2012. This article reviews the background of the treaty and the State practices on the archipelago, and analyzes the legal points of the dispute. Finally, it examines some ways to resolve the dispute including the making of a new international instrument and the juridical settlement procedures.

Depositional processes of the Zhushadong and Mantou formations (Early to Middle Cambrian), Shandong Province, China: roles of archipelago and mixed carbonate–siliciclastic sedimentation on cycle genesis during initial flooding of the North China P

LEE, HYUN SUK,CHOUGH, SUNG KWUN Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Sedimentology Vol.58 No.6

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>To understand the depositional processes and environmental changes during the initial flooding of the North China Platform, this study focuses on the Lower to Middle Cambrian Zhushadong and Mantou formations in Shandong Province, China. The succession in the Jinan and Laiwu areas comprises mixed carbonate and siliciclastic deposits composed of limestone, dolostone, stromatolite, thrombolite, purple and grey mudstone, and sandstone. A detailed sedimentary facies analysis of seven well‐exposed sections suggests that five facies associations are the result of an intercalation of carbonate and siliciclastic depositional environments, including local alluvial fans, shallowing‐upward carbonate–siliciclastic peritidal cycles, oolite dominant shoals, shoreface and lagoonal environments. These facies associations successively show a transition from an initially inundated tide‐dominated carbonate platform to a wave‐dominated shallow marine environment. In particular, the peritidal sediments were deposited during a large number of depositional cycles. These sediments consist of lime mudstone, dolomite, stromatolite and purple and grey mudstones. These shallowing‐upward cycles generally resulted from carbonate production in response to an increase of accommodation during rising sea‐level. The carbonate production was, however, interrupted by frequent siliciclastic input from the adjacent emergent archipelago. The depositional cycles thus formed under the influence of both autogenetic changes, including sediment supply from the archipelago, and allogenic control of relative sea‐level rise in the carbonate factory. A low‐relief archipelago with an active tidal regime allowed the development of tide‐dominated siliciclastic and carbonate environments on the vast platform. Siliciclastic input to these tidal environments terminated when most of the archipelago became submerged due to a rapid rise in sea‐level. This study provides insights on how a vast Cambrian carbonate platform maintained synchronous sedimentation under a tidal regime, forming distinct cycles of mixed carbonates and siliciclastics as the system kept up with rising relative sea‐level during the early stage of basin development in the North China Platform.</P>

1896년 智島郡 創設과 西南海 島嶼 支配構造의 再編 : 吳宖默의 『智島郡叢?錄』을 중심으로

송양섭(Song Yang-seop) 고려사학회 2007 한국사학보 Vol.- No.26

이 글은 甲午 · 光武年間의 지방제도 개혁의 일환으로 이루어진 서남해도서지역이 독자적인 행정단위로 편제되는 과정과 이로 인해 나타나는 도서지역 지배구조의 재편 양상을 지도군의 사례를 통해 살펴보고자 하였다. 초대군수 吳宖默에 의해 주도된 지도군의 창설은 조선 후기 이래 장구한 기간동안 꾸준히 제기되었던 海島設邑論의 제도적 실현이었다. 지도군 창설로 도서지역은 보다 정비된 面里制가 적용되었고 村落, 戶數, 結摠 등 도서지역에 대한 상세하고도 체계적인 현황파악은 전시기와 비교할 수 없을 정도였다. 특히 官戶 · 煙突戶의 이중적 호구파악, 난맥상을 보이고 있던 토지 파악 등은 도서지역의 지리적 특성을 배경으로 이 시기 진행된 지방제도 · 재정 개혁책과 맞물려 나타난 복잡한 지역사회의 현실을 반영하고 있었다. 지도군 창설과정에서 중요한 시책 중 하나가 鄕會의 법제화와 鄕約 · 鄕長制의 실시였다. 이는 도서민에 의해 선출된 대표를 郡政에 참여시킴으로써 지역지배의 효율과 안정을 기하는 한편 종래 촌락사회 운영의 자율적 영역으로 존재해왔던 부문을 제도화한 것으로서 관권의 지역사회에 대한 침투가 더욱 강화되었음을 보여준다. 그것은 조세 · 재정과 같은 郡政의 주요한 부문에 대한 도서민의 자율성을 인정하면서도 이를 법적인 틀에 포섭함으로써 관의 통제에 두고 지역지배에 적극적으로 활용해나가는 방식이었다. 또한 사복시 목장이나 궁방 · 아문 등의 折受地가 대부분이었던 이 지역에 甲午陞總 이후 새로이 가해지는 結稅負擔을 둘러싸고 도서민은 結稅를 拒納하거나 반대로 둔세거납운동을 전개하는 등 자신들의 이해를 관철시키기 위한 적극적인 움직임을 보이고 있었다. 이는 지세수입을 늘리려는 탁지부의 의도와 이 지역에 오랫동안 지배권을 행사해온 궁방 등 각급기관의 이해가 도서지역의 현실과 맞물려 표출된 것이었다. The present paper discusses the process of establishing an independent local administrative unit of the southwestern archipelago. Aspects of reorganization of administrative structure are well exemplified by the establishment of lido County in 1896, which was led by Oh Hoengmuk, the first county executive. It was the realization of long standing argument of Archipelago county establishment. The establishment of lido County allowed a well organized Myeon-Li system and detailed census of villages, households and taxable land units in the archipelago. The administrative reorganization reflects complex reality of local societies in accordance with various finance and local institution reform projects during the late 19th century. One of the important policies in establishing the Jido County was legalization of Hyanghoe(鄕會) and enforcement of Hyangyak(鄕約) and Hyangjan system(鄕長制), which in turn allowed representatives to participate in the local government. The legalization of autonomous activities also shows the reinforcement of administrative power into the local societies. This marks the enforcement of the policy that acknowledges local autonomies while incorporating them into the legal structure. In the meantime, people in the archipelago were active in trying to resist the land taxation, which shows the conflict between the Ministry of Finance(度支部) and various local administrative units such as Gunbang(宮房).

The development of Nyonya cuisine in the Malay Archipelago: Penang and Malacca Nyonya cuisine

Youri Oh,Nurul Fatin Afiqah Hj Abdul Razak,Donovan Hee Tat Wee,Eric Lu Ching,Zubaidah Rahman 한국식품연구원 2019 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.6 No.-

Nyonya cuisine is widely spread in the Malay Archipelago which is known as fusion of Chinese immigrant and local Malay cuisine. The cuisine has been established and developed with globalisation and movement of people in the region. Furthermore, it is identified as cultural product or image of the society which represents the identity of the people in the society. This study is to understand the establishment and development of Nyonya cuisine in line with the migration of the Peranakans in the Malay Archipelago via the exiting literatures. Data collected are from secondary sources, derived from relevant literatures, media and academic articles and authorised websites relevant to Nyonya cuisine and the Peranakans in the Malay Archipelago. The authors’ observation is also used to grasp the distinction in Nyonya cuisine. As results, Nyonya cuisine is a representative result of cultural hybridisation by migration of the Peranakans into the Malay Archipelago, geographical proximity and political factors. Nyonya cuisine today is further developing along with the influx of global culture into the region which fosters rejuvenation and exchange of cuisine.

고대 한일 변소 유구의 비교 검토

방문식(Pang Moon Sick) 한국고대학회 2013 先史와 古代 Vol.39 No.-

이 글은 3~9세기경 일본열도와 한반도에서 발견된 변소 유구의 비교를 토대로 한반도 변소 유구의 형식, 형식별 규모와 각 속성의 연관 관계, 정화와 사용방식에 대해서 알아본 것이다. 또한 한반도와 일본열도의 변소 유구 속성을 통해 서로 대응되는 세부형식을 비교해보고, 규모와 복원 예를 통해 이들의 친연 관계를 추정해 보았다. 그 동안 한반도에서 변소에 대한 연구는 건축학, 고생물학, 민속학 등에서 산발적으로 이루어져 왔지만, 고대 변소 유구에 대한 고고학적인 연구는 미진하였다. 이는 발견된 변소 유구의 수가 적어서이기도 하겠지만, 그 동안 변소 유구의 특성에 대한 구조나 규모에 대한 접근이 없었던 때문으로 생각된다. 실제 변소 유구를 특정하기에는 변소 내부에서 발견되는 유물의 양상이나 토양 분석을 조합하는 것이 가장 확실하지만, 밑씻개를 꼭 사용했어야 할 당위성도 없고, 한반도의 토양 특성상 기생충이 검출되지 않는 경우도 있다. 이에 변소 유구라 할 때, 특정 유물의 발견이나 정황을 제외하고 규모와 구조만으로도 변소로 특정할 수 있을만한 가능성을 마련하기 위해, 고대 일본열도와 한반도의 비교 연구를 진행하였다. 그 결과 고대 변소 유구는 한반도와 일본열도에서 규모나 재질 등 유사한 범위 내에서 일정 부분 친연 관계가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 익산 왕궁리 변소 유구는 규모와 정화방식에서 7~8세기 일본에 직접적인 영향을 주었음을 알 수 있었다. If it can be said that the basic biology of humans is feeding and excretion, it is clear that the tracerelated to excretion is the subject that should be dealt with in archaeology. In Japan, researches on cesspit archaeology have made considerable progress since the 1990s but in Korea, such researches have been minimal. In researches on the toilet in Korea, it appears that the lack of data led to the lack of researches, and the lack of researches led to the lack of knowledge about the toilet, which led to the inability to establish the research subject, causing a vicious circle. Based on this critical mind, this author attempted to analyze the structure and size of ancient toilet relics on the Korean peninsula from the viewpoint of preliminary study. First the characteristics of the toilet relics on the ancient Korean peninsula were examined through the typological classification of the toilet relics, and these were compared with those on the Japanese archipelago, and the kinship and diffusion process of the both were estimated. In this study, the detailed forms of the toilets on the Korean peninsula were divided into 7 types, and the use, sewage disposal, and operating and managing methods of each type were estimated through comparing them with those on the Japanese archipelago. This study viewed that some of the ancient toilets which were established in the 6th~7th century on the Korean peninsula exerted influences on the Japanese archipelago. With this background, it was estimated that, in the East Asian international relationship at that time, there might have been factors for diffusing such things as advanced lifestyle and the knowledge about the toilet of the people on the Korean peninsula to the Japanese archipelago.

20세기 마을어장의 변동과 전통적 어업공동체 `똠`의 지속-흑산군도를 중심으로-

송기태 ( Song Ki-tae ) 남도민속학회 2016 남도민속연구 Vol.33 No.-

본고에서는 흑산군도의 전통적 어업공동체 `똠`을 주목하여 그 현황과 운영형태를 파악하고, 20세기 마을어장의 변동 속에서 적응해 온 과정과 현재의 위상에 대해 논의하였다. 먼저 흑산군도의 마을마다 존재하는 해조류 공동채취조직 `똠`의 전반적 현황에 대해 파악했다. 똠은 마을마다 2~4개 정도가 있어서 마을어장의 일정 구간을 구분하여 똠 단위로 해조류를 채취하고 있다. 과거에는 대부분의 해조류를 공동채취 하였으나 현재는 미역만 공동채취하거나 추가로 톳·김 정도만 공동채취 하는 곳이 많다. 각 똠마다 금장이 있어 수시로 어장을 관리하고 채취 시기가 되면 작업날짜와 방법을 지시한다. 해조류 채취를 하는 날이면 각 가정마다 1~2명씩 참여하여 똠이 관할하는 갱번에서 해조류를 채취하고, 전체 채취량을 동일하게 분배한다. 똠의 역사성에 대해서는 구체적으로 알 수 없지만, 최소한 20세기 이전부터 마을어장의 전통적 어업공동체로서 존재해왔던 것으로 추정된다. 마을어장은 20세기 초 근대어업제도가 성립되면서 변동에 처한다. 1908년의 한말 「어업법」과 1911년 일제강점기 하의 「어업령」은 마을어장에도 영향을 끼친다. 조선시대까지 사점과 총유가 공존하던 마을어장은 「어업령」의 전용어업제도 도입 이후 형식적으로나마 총유의 공간이 된다. 이때 전국의 어장을 면허와 허가, 신고, 계출 등으로 관리하면서 마을어장의 경계를 획정하기 시작했다. 마을을 넘나들며 해조류를 채취하던 주민들은 20세기 초 관의 주도하에 해안가 지선을 구획한다. 이와 관련하여 대둔도·다물도의 4동 경쟁이나 중죽도 분쟁, 홍도 이장들의 나룻배 경주는 20세기 초 해안가 지선 획정의 현장 사례로서 중요하다고 하겠다. 흥미로운 것은 마을 간의 경계를 획정하면서 `똠`의 경계도 세밀하게 구분한 점이다. 주민들의 구술과 당시의 정황을 고려할 때, 전통적 어업공동체로서 `똠`이 느슨한 공동체로 존재하다가 20세기 초 지선 경계가 획정되면서 좀 더 공고한 공동체로 변모한 것으로 추정된다. 마을어장은 1960년대 어촌계가 등장하면서 또 한 번의 큰 변동을 겪는다. 수산단체의 체계를 `수협중앙회-지구별수협-어촌계`로 관계로 일원화하기 위해 수협법을 제정하고, 그 과정에서 마을단위 어업공동체인 어촌계를 일제히 설립한다. 이때부터 어촌계는 마을어장의 공식적인 대표기구가 되어 마을의 어업 전반을 관할하기 시작한다. 50여년이 지난 지금 어촌계는 성공적으로 정착했다고 할 수 있는데, 어촌의 실제를 들여다보면 여전히 전통적 어업공동체가 존립하고 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 흑산군도의 경우 21세기 현재, 마을회-어촌계-똠이 각자의 기능과 역할을 나누어서 마을어장을 관리·운영하고 있다. 똠이 존속할 수 있었던 것은 오랜 기간 해조류 공동채취를 관할하면서 효율성을 구축했고, 똠이 마을공동체와 불가분의 관계로 묶여있기 때문이다. 그래서 흑산군도에서는 마을회에서 어업 전반을 총괄하고 똠은 해조류 채취를 담당하며, 어촌계는 공유수면에서 개인의 투자가 필요한 양식어장 등을 담당하면서 공존하고 있음을 파악할 수 있었다. The study is to figure out the operation and status of a traditional fisheries community in Heuksan archipelago “Ddom”; and this study is also designed to discuss the process that the traditional fisheries community is adapted to the changed fishing ground in the 20^th century. There has been a traditional fisheries community, called “Ddom”, in Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea. Ddom is a community to share the jobs from looking after wild seaweeds to harvesting and distributing them. Each village has two or four Ddoms which enables the people to divide fishing grounds into several sections and allocate each Ddom a section to harvest seaweeds. And each Ddom has a manager; they are responsible for maintaining the fishing ground and informing the members of Ddom of the schedule for the harvest and distribution as well as the method. When it is time to harvest seaweeds, one or two memebers from each household participate in the community work-to harvest seaweeds in the Ddom, and then the total amount of seaweeds is equally distributed to each household. The beginning of Ddom is unknown; however, it is estimated that it has existed as a traditional fisheries community before the 20^th century. The villages` fishing grounds started to be changed due to the establishment of the fishery management system in the early 20<sup>th</sup> century. < the Fishery Law > in the end of Joseon Dynasty in 1908 and < the Fishery Act > under the control of Japan in 1911 had an impact on the fishing grounds in villages. From that time, fishing grounds all over the country started to be appointed as a chartered fishery, permitted fishery, or free fishery; and this determines the boundary of the fishing ground of each village. As the residents harvesting the seaweeds regardless of the villages divided the coastal zones of each village under the supervision of the government in the early 20<sup>th</sup> century. In the process, the coast in Heuksan archipelago was also divided into the coastal zones, and the current coastal zones were defined through the course of dispute and agreement. For instance, the heads of the two villages adjacent to Hongdo Island drove the boats and defined the point in which they met as the local coastal zone; and the local coastal zones of Daedundo Island, Damuldo Island were decided by the representatives and local government officials of villages. The interesting aspect of this process is that the boundary of Ddoms was classified in detail as the local zones were determined. Considering the oral statement given by the residents and the circumstance at that time, it is assumed that the traditional fisheries community, “Ddom” had been a relatively flexible community before the local coastal zones were determined in the early 20<sup>th</sup> century. The systems of villages` fishing grounds were subject to a massive change due to the advent of fishing village societies in 1960s. In order to unify the marine products associations as “National Federation of Fisheries Corperatives”, “National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives”, and “Fishing Village Societies”, the Fisheries Cooperative Act was established in 1962. In the course of establishing the act, the fishing societies, the villages` fisheries communities were also founded. Since then, fishing societies started acting as official organs to operate villages` fishing grounds and supervising the fishing industry. In addition, it can be said that the current fishing societies are successfully settled 50 years after the establishment; Yet, there are still traditional fisheries communities in the fishing villages. When it comes to Heuksan archipelago , the village fishing grounds are currently supervised and maintained by the village hall, fishing societies, Ddoms, and the each organ has their own function and responsibility. What sustains Ddoms is that the communities function effectively by sharing the jobs to harvest seaweeds for a long time and are indivisible with the village communities. The village hall and fishing society collaborate each other in Heuksan archipelago; the village hall is in chare of supervising the fishing business and harvesting seaweeds, and the fishing society takes a role in managing fish farms belonging to public waters and requiring the private investment.

원삼국시대 한반도 출토 수정제 구슬의 제작과 변천

양아림(Yang, Arim) 한국고고학회 2021 한국고고학보 Vol.- No.121

본 논문은 국내외에서 출토되는 수정제 구슬을 관찰하여 수정제 구슬의 제작방법과 그 기술에 대해 검토하여비교하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 실물자료 관찰 및 도판자료를 검토하여 한반도 내 수정제 구슬의 전개 양상과제작기술을 살피고 일본 및 동아시아 자료와 비교하여 특징을 정리하였다. 광물로 만들어진 장신구의 대부분은 최종적으로 표면을 매끄럽게 마연하는 작업을 거치게 되므로 제작방법을 유추할 만한 흔적이 남기 힘들다. 그나마 관찰이 가능하고 제작기술에 따라 상이한 특징을 도출할 수 있는 부분이 실을 꿰기 위해 뚫은 ‘천공부(穿孔部)’이다. 천공부는 천공 도구의 재질과 마찰력 상승을 위해 사용되는 연마제에 따라 형태와 표면의 특징이 다르게 나타난다. 이 같은 특징에 초점을 두고 한반도·일본열도·동남아시아에서 확인되는 수정제 구슬을 검토한 결과, 한반도 출토품 중 낙랑의 권역인 평양지역 출토 수정제 구슬은 동남아시아에서 제작되는 것과 형태적·기술적 특징이 유사하다. 진·변한의 권역인 동남부지역의 경우 시기에 따라 제작기술이 변화하는 양상을 보이며, 목관묘 단계에서 확인되는 수정제 구슬 중 일부는 야요이시대 후기~종말기 일본열도에서 제작되는 수정제 구슬과 그 특징이 닮아있다. 이후 목곽묘 단계 한반도 전역(마한·진한·변한의 권역)에서 출토되는 수정제 구슬의형태적·기술적 특징이 동남아시아나 일본열도에서 확인되는 수정제 구슬과는 다른 특징을 확인할 수 있다. 종합하면 낙랑의 권역에서 확인되는 수정제 구슬은 동남아시아에서 제작되어 유입된 것으로 추정되며, 목관묘 단계, 사라리 130호 등에서 확인되는 주판알 형태의 수정제 구슬의 경우 일본열도에서 제작된 수정제구슬의 일부가 유입되었을 가능성이 있다. 이후 목곽묘 단계, 삼한의 권역에서 확인되는 수정제 구슬은 이전과는 다른 형태적·기술적 특징을 보이고 있다. 아직 한반도 외에 제작지를 특정할 만한 자료를 확인하지 못하였으며 한반도에서 제작하였을 가능성을 열어두고자 한다. 광물제 구슬의 천공기술, 산지 추정과 관련하여 SEM분석, 성분분석 등의 자연과학적 분석이 가장 정확한방법이나 본 연구에서는 실물관찰과 도판자료·보고서기술을 참고하여 분석하였다. 유물에 대한 자연과학적분석내용은 추후 보완하고자 한다. This study begins with an examination of the development of crystal beads (among mineral beads) within the Korean Peninsula. An analysis of the actual data and plate data is then undertaken in order to review the manufacturing methods and technologies of crystal beads excavated from the Korean Peninsula, the Japanese Archipelago, and Southeast Asia. Accessories made from minerals characteristically go through a process in which surfaces are ultimately polished to be smooth, so traces of manufacturing methods are unlikely to be found. Nevertheless, the perforated areas that allow for threading can be examined to deduce different characteristics. The form and surface characteristics of perforated parts differ according to the material of the perforation tools used and the abrasive used to increase friction. Examination of the crystal beads from the Korean Peninsula, the Japanese Archipelago, and Southeast Asia (with focus placed on the above characteristics) reveals that the crystal beads of the Pyeongyang area, which corresponds to Nangnang, have morphological and technical characteristics that are similar to those produced in Southeast Asia. In the case of the southeastern areas of the Korean Peninsula, corresponding to Jinhan and Byeonhan, diachronic changes in manufacturing technologies can be observed, and in the case of some of the crystal beads of the Wooden Chamber Tomb stage, characteristics that are similar to crystal beads produced in the Japanese Archipelago from the late Yayoi Period to its end have been observed. However, crystal beads excavated from Wooden Chamber Tomb stage sites throughout the entire Korean Peninsula (corresponding to Mahan, Jinhan, Byeonhan) have morphological and technical characteristics that are completely different from crystal beads from Southeast Asia or the Japanese Archipelago. In sum, crystal beads from the Nangnang region are assumed to have been produced in and brought from Southeast Asia, and some of the crystal beads in the form of abacus beads from the Sara-ri Tomb No. 130 may have been produced in and brought from the Japanese Archipelago. Crystal beads later identified from Samhan sites of the Wooden Chamber Tomb stage display morphological and technical characteristics that are completely different from previous examples so there is a large possibility that they were produced on the Korean Peninsula.

격렬비열도 해양생물 종 목록

정승욱,노현수,이희갑,박주면,민원기,문혜원,김형준,최창근 한국조류학회I 2021 수생생물 Vol.1 No.2

본 연구는 우리나라 서해안에 위치한 격렬비열도의 해양생물자원 현황을 파악하기 위하여, 2021년 8월 동격렬비도, 서격렬비도, 북격렬비도 등 3개 정점의 조하대에서 정성조사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과 해조류 93종, 해양무척추동물 96종, 해양어류 1종 등 총 12문, 24강, 54목, 102과, 129속, 190종의 분포를 확인하였으며, 해조류는 홍조식물문, 해양무척추동물은 연체동물문의 출현종수가 월등히 높았다. 또한 이전 연구들과 종합하면 격렬비열도의 해양생물은 해조류 187종(미동정 12종 포함), 해양무척추동물 396종(미동정 114종 포함), 해양어류 9종(미동정 1종 포함) 등 전체 13문, 28강, 95목, 232과, 345속, 592종으로 확인되었다. 이 연구 결과는 추후 격렬비열도의 생물다양성 연구에서 활용도가 높을 것으로 기대된다. This study conducted a qualitative study in the subtidal zone at 3 sites (including Donggyeongnyeolbido, Seogyeongnyeolbid, and Bukgyeongnyeolbido) in August 2021 in order to understand the current status of marine biological resources in the Gyeongnyeolbi Archipelago located on the west coast of Korea. As a result of the study, a total of 12 phyla, 24 classes, 54 orders, 102 families, 129 genera, and 190 species were identified, including 93 species of marine algae, 96 species of marine invertebrates, and 1 species of marine fish. The number of species in the phylum Rhodophyta and Mollusca was significantly higher. When combined with previous studies, marine species of Gyeongnyeolbi Archipelago include 187 species of marine algae (including 12 unidentified species), 396 species of marine invertebrates (including 114 unidentified species), and 9 species of marine fish (including 1 unidentified species). A total of 13 phyla, 28 classes, 95 orders, 232 families, 345 genera, and 592 species were identified. The results of this study are expected to have high utility in future biodiversity studies of Gyeongnyeolbi Archipelago.

최덕원의 다도해 민속 연구의 의의

이경엽 국립목포대학교 도서문화연구원 2011 島嶼文化 Vol.0 No.38

In order to ascertain the current status of research on the islets folklore and look for new directions, there is a undeniable need to evaluate and analyze the flow of the existing research. This article focused on the cases of Choi, Dukwon, who has conducted research on islands for over 30 years since 1960 and examined the content and achievement of the research, scholastic significance, and remaining tasks of research on islets folklore. His work demands considerable reckoning that he led the research on islets even before the term islets․marine culture was generalized. His study on islets folklore has been continuous and focused and it has remarkable scholastic significant. Looking at the research themes, there are a lot about folk beliefs. Especially, “Dangje of the Archipelago" which comprehensively deals with Dangje in Sinan region stands out in comparison even with later achievements. Besides, he drew out independent topics such as fishing belief, barbel stone belief, Usil belief, salt belief, and charms and expanded the discussion. In addition,his achievement on excavating new folklore materials and categorizing them is of high significance. His report which researched and categorized the folk art of the Archipelago and orally-transmitted literature is deemed as highly valuable. Of course, there are remaining tasks. The perspective that views the folk culture of islets region as inheriting the old culture treats the current folklore as an inherited tradition and separates the contemporary people who transmit the culture from the culture, viewing it as a surviving culture. Also the perspective which looks at the folklore culture as a fixed text, rather than looking at it in a context, needs to be changed. It was a general tendency of 20th century folklore to argue for the urgency of folklore research; to focus on collecting and compiling materials; and approaching on external texts. Therefore, the remaining task is to develop an awareness that is needed at the current level and inherit the achievements of the existing research in a creative manner.