Effect of Triton X‑100 on the wheat and lettuce growth and contaminant absorption

Shin Sora,Jho Eun Hea,Park Han Sol 한국응용생명화학회 2021 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.64 No.3

This study was set to study the effects of surfactants on crops using Triton X-100, one of widely used surfactants for various purposes including agricultural uses, as a target surfactant. The effects of Triton X-100 on the growth of wheat and lettuce were studied and the germination and shoot growth of wheat were not significantly affected by Triton X-100. With lettuce, the increasing Triton X-100 concentrations tend to negatively affect the growth, possibly due to the absorption of Triton X-100 by lettuce. The average lettuce fresh mass was reduced by 31% when Triton X-100 concentration increased from 0 to 240 mg L− 1. This may mean that chemicals dissolved or mobilized by Triton X-100 can be absorbed by lettuce. The Cd mobilization was facilitated with Triton X-100, and the absorption of procymidone in soil by lettuce was greater when Triton X-100 was applied (i.e., 0.18 mg kg− 1) than when water was applied (i.e., 0.15 mg kg− 1), although they were statistically not different (p-value > 0.05). The average lettuce masses in the presence of residual procymidone in soil and Triton X-100 (16 g) were lower than that of the control soils (20 g), although they were statistically not different (p-value > 0.05). The results suggest that surfactants contained in pesticide formulations can potentially affect crop growth and absorption of other contaminants. Therefore, the residual surfactants and active ingredients in pesticide formulations need to be properly managed to protect the environment and to produce crops free of contaminants.

계면활성제 수용액 내 고온 수직 금속봉의 최소막비등점에 대한 연구

이치영(Chi Young Lee),김재한(Jae Han Kim) 대한기계학회 2017 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.41 No.9

다양한 온도 조건의 계면활성제 수용액 내에서 급속 냉각되는 고온 수직 금속봉의 최소막비등점에 대한 실험을 수행하였다. 액체로는 Triton X-100 수용액(100 wppm)과 순수(pure water)를 이용하였고, 액체의 온도는 77 °C~100 °C 영역이었다. 고체 시편으로는 시편 중심의 초기 온도가 500 °C인 스테인레스 스틸(stainless steel) 수직봉을 이용하였다. Triton X-100 수용액과 순수에서, 액체의 온도가 감소함에 따라 최소막비등점의 도달시간은 감소하였고, 온도 및 열유속은 증가하였다. 한편, 본 실험 온도 영역에서, Triton X-100 수용액의 경우가 순수의 경우보다 최소막비등점의 도달시간은 길었고, 온도 및 열유속은 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 본 실험데이터를 토대로 고온 수직 금속봉에 대해서 Triton X-100 수용액과 순수에서의 최소막비등 온도에 대한 실험식을 제안하였다. In this study, experiments were conducted on the MFB(minimum film boiling) point of highly heated vertical metal rod quenched in aqueous surfactant solution at various temperature conditions. The aqueous Triton X-100 solution(100 wppm) and pure water were used as the liquid pool. Their temperatures ranged from 77 °C to 100 °C. A stainless steel vertical rod of initial center temperature of 500 °C was used as a test specimen. In both liquid pools, as the liquid temperature decreased, the time to reach the MFB point decreased with a parallel increase in the temperature and heat flux of the MFB point. However, over the whole present temperature range, in the aqueous Triton X-100 solution, the time to reach the MFB point was longer, while the temperature and heat flux of the MFB point were reduced when compared with pure water. Based on the present experimental data, this study proposed the empirical correlations to predict the MFB temperature of a high temperature vertical metal rod in pure water and in aqueous Triton X-100 solution.

Triton X-100이 Trichoderma koningii의 성장 및 형태에 미치는 영향

박희문,민경렴,맹필재,하영칠 한국미생물학회 1991 미생물학회지 Vol.29 No.5

We investigated the effect of Triton X-100 on the growth and morphology of Trichoderma koningii by comparing various parameters representing the frowth of mold in the presence or absence of Triton X-100. The specific growth rate and doubling time of T. koningii were not affected by the addition of 0.05% Triton X-100 in batch culture. However, in the presence of Triton X-100, cultures reached its stationary phase earlier and showed reduced level in total yield of biomass. The addition of Triton X-100 into solid medium also resulted in decrease in the colony radial growth rate and this response was correlated with the formation of mycelia which showed increase in branching and septation in the presence of Triton X-100.

Triton X-100이 Trichoderma koningii의 성장 및 형태에 미치는 영향

박희문,민경렴,맹필재,하영칠 충남대학교부설 생명공학연구소 1992 생물공학연구지 Vol.2 No.-

Triton Ⅹ-100이 Trichoderma koningii의 성장 및 형태에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여, Triton Ⅹ-100 첨가 여부에 따른 각 종 성장계수의 변화를 조사하여 보았다. 액체 배양시 Triton Ⅹ-100의 첨가에도 불구하고, specific growth rate과 doubling time은 변화가 없었으나, Triton Ⅹ-100을 첨가한 경우, 군체의 방사상 성장률이 감소하였다. 이러한 현상은 Triton Ⅹ-100에 의하여 균사의 분지 형성이 촉진되고, 격막형성이 촉진되어 격막 간의 간격이 짧아져 나타나는 것으로 확인되었다. We investigated the effect of Triton Ⅹ-100 on the growth and morphology of Trichoderma koningii by comparing various parameters representing the growth of mold in the presence or absence of Triton Ⅹ-100. The specific growth rate and doubling time of T. koningii were not affected by the addition of 0.05% Triton Ⅹ-100 into solid medium also resulted in decrease in the colony radial growth rate and this response was correlated with the formation of mycelia which showed increase in branching and septation in the presence of Triton Ⅹ-100.

Effect of Triton X-100 on Compactin Production from Penicillium citrinum

최두복,차월석,류성렬,조기안 한국생물공학회 2004 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.9 No.3

Glucose alone was found to be the most effective carbon source for producing compactin. An initial glucose concentration of 40 g/L gave the highest compactin concentration of 250 mg/L. Among the various nitrogen sources, when 5 g/L of pharmamedia and soybean meal as the sole nitrogen source were used, respectively, the compactin concentration was higher than 250 mg/L. Especially, in the case of the mixture of 6 g/L of pharmamedia and 8 g/L of soybean meal, the compactin concentration was 400 mg/L. To select the best surfactant for effective compactin production, various surfactants were investigated. When Triton X-100 was used, the maximum compactin concentration was 445 mg/L. With the initial concentration ranging from 1.5 to 2.0 g/L, the compactin concentration was the highest at 465-450 mg/L. The cell concentration was similar to that of the control without the addition of Triton X-100. On the other hand, when the above 4.0 g/L of Triton X-100 were used, the cell concentration decreased. Using the based results, the continuous fed-batch cultures by adding the Triton X-100 were carried out for 10 days in an air-lift bioreactor. When 1.5 g/L of Triton X-100 was added to the culture broth at 0, 4, and 8 days of culture, respectively, the compactin production was increased with the increase of culture time. The maximum compactin concentration after 10 days of culture was 1,200 mg/L, which was about 2.0-fold higher than that of the control without the addition of Triton X-100.

Supramolecular modification of Carbon Nanofibers with Poly(diallyl dimethylammonium) chloride and Triton X-100 for electrochemical application

Kaur, Prabhsharan,Shin, Mun-Sik,Park, Jin-Soo,Verma, Gaurav,Sekhon, Satpal Singh Pergamon Press 2018 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.43 No.13

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Carbon nanofibers (CNF) exhibit special morphological features pertaining to their high aspect ratio. This work explores the polyelectrolyte (PDDA, Poly (diallyl dimethylammonium) chloride) wrapping on CNF and the interaction mechanism between them in the presence of a surfactant (octyl-phenol-ethoxylate (Triton X-100)). The wrapping has been achieved via a simple on/off ultrasonication methodology. PDDA behaves as a dispersing agent and an electron acceptor; the inter-molecular charge transfer takes place between CNF (electron donor) and PDDA, Triton X-100 works as a dispersing agent too but it affects pronouncedly the inter-molecular charge transfer. It has been observed that π–π, hydrophobic-hydrophilic, weak electrostatic, and van der Waals interactions all sum up to supramolecular interactions in CNF + PDDA + Triton X-100; leading to an augmented N content as compared to carbon nanotubes or graphene in a similar system. This system could work as the metal-free electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in a Fuel cell.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Carbon Nanofibers (CNF) have been modified with Poly (diallyl dimethylammonium) chloride (PDDA) and Triton X-100. </LI> <LI> Supramolecular interactions in CNF+PDDA lead to an enhanced inter-molecular charge transfer. </LI> <LI> Triton X-100 masks the hybrid system to decrease inter-molecular charge transfer in CNF+PDDA+Triton X-100. </LI> <LI> Higher N content (pyridinic and pyrrolic-N) indicates suitability as metal-free electrocatalysts for the Fuel cells. </LI> </UL> </P>

Cetylpyridinium Chloride와 Triton X-100의 혼합 미셀화에 미치는 염 및 부탄올 이성질체들의 효과

정종재,이상학,김영철,이병환,Chung, Jong-Jae,Lee, Sang-Hak,Kim, Yung-Cheol,Lee, Byung-Hwan 한국공업화학회 1998 공업화학 Vol.9 No.7

양이온성 계면활성제인 cetylpyridinium chloride(CPC)와 비이온성 계면활성제인 Triton X-100(TX-100)의 혼합계면활성제에 염(KCl과 $Na_2CO_3$)과 부탄올 이성질체(tert-부탄올, iso-부탄올과 n-부탄올)를 첨가하였을 때 변화되는 임계미셀농도값($CMC^*$)을 UV 분광광도법으로 측정하였다. 이들 $CMC^*$값들로부터 여러 가지 열역학적 함수값들을 유사상태분리모델(pseudo-phase separation model)을 이용한 식에 의해 계산하였으며 그 값들을 상호 비교하였다. 그 결과 염 및 부탄올 이성질체들을 첨가하였을 때 CPC/TX-100 혼합계면활성제의 미셀화는 순수 물에서의 경우보다 열역학적 함수값($X_1$, $\beta$, ${\gamma}i$, $ai^M$, $C_i$ 및 ${\Delta}H_{mix}$)들이 큰 차이를 보였으며, 또한 모두 비이상적 혼합미셀모델에 잘 일치하였으며 이상적 혼합미셀모델과는 음방향으로 크게 벗어남을 보였다. The critical micelle concentrations($CMC^*$) of the mixed surfactant systems of cationic surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride(CPC) and nonionic surfactant Triton X-100(TX-100) in aqueous solutions of salts(KCl and $Na_2CO_3$) and isomeric butanols(tert-butanol, iso-butanol and n-butanol) were determined by UV spectroscopy method. The various thermodynamic values in aqueous solutions of salts and isomeric butanols were compared with the values in pure water, calculated by means of the equation derived from the pseudo-phase separation model. Thermodynamic parameters($X_1$, $\beta$, ${\gamma}i$, $ai^M$, $C_i$ and ${\Delta}H_{mix}$) were found to have great effects of salts and isomeric butanols on the mixed micellization of CPC/TX-100 mixtures, and also in good agreements with the nonideal mixed micelle model. They showed all negative deviations from the ideal mixed micellar behavior.

유기첨가제 및 전류밀도에 의한 Sn 솔더 범프의 미세조직 형성 연구

김상혁,김성진,신한균,허철호,문성재,이효종,Kim, Sang-Hyeok,Kim, Seong-Jin,Shin, Han-Kyun,Heo, Cheol-Ho,Moon, Seongjae,Lee, Hyo-Jong 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2021 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.28 No.1

미세화 되고 있는 PCB 솔더 범프 접합을 위해 종래 마이크로 볼에 의한 PCB 솔더 범프의 제조를 대신하여 주석 전기도금을 통한 패턴을 제작하기 위한 도금액을 제작하고 도금공정 조건을 찾는 실험을 진행하였다. SR 패터닝 후에 Cu 씨드층을 형성하고, 다시 DFR 패터닝을 통해 PCB 기판상에 선택성장이 가능한 패턴을 제작하였다. 도금액은 메탄술폰산을 기본액으로 하는 주석도금액을 사용하였으며, 2가의 주석이온의 산화를 방지하기 위해 hydroquinone을 첨가하였다. 표면활성제로는 Triton X-100를 사용하고, 결정립 미세화를 위해 gelatin을 첨가하여 시료를 제작하였다. 전기화학적 분극곡선을 측정함으로써, Triton X-100 및 gelatin 첨가제의 작용 특성을 비교하였으며, gelatin이 -0.7 V vs. NHE까지 수소발생을 억제하는 것에 비해 Triton X-100을 첨가하게 되면 -1 V vs. NHE까지 수소발생이 억제되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 결정립의 크기는 전류밀도가 증가하면서 미세화되는 일반적 경향을 나타내었으며, gelatin을 첨가하는 경우에 보다 더 미세해지는 것이 관찰되었다. For the bonding of smaller PCB solder bumps of less than 100 microns, an experiment was performed to make up a tin plating solution and find plating conditions in order to produce a bump pattern through tin electroplating, replacing the previous PCB solder bumps process by microballs. After SR patterning, a Cu seed layer was formed, and then, through DFR patterning, a pattern in which Sn can be selectively plated only within the SR pattern was formed on the PCB substrate. The tin plating solution was made based on methanesulfonic acid, and hydroquinone was used as an antioxidant to prevent oxidation of divalent tin ions. Triton X-100 was used as a surfactant, and gelatin was used as a grain refiner. By measuring the electrochemical polarization curve, the characteristics of organic additives in Triton X-100 and gelatin were compared. It was confirmed that the addition of Triton X-100 suppressed hydrogen generation up to -1 V vs. NHE, whereas gelatin inhibited hydrogen generation up to -0.7 V vs. NHE. As the current density increased, there was a general tendency that the grain size became finer, and it was observed that it became finer when gelatin was added.

Triton X‑100 as a Non‑Ionic Surfactant for Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel During Acid Cleaning

Adel Attia,Hesham T. M. Abdel‑Fatah 대한금속·재료학회 2020 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.26 No.11

Triton-X 100 (Octylphenolpoly(ethyleneglycolether)9–10), was investigated as corrosion inhibitor during the acid cleaningfor mild steel in 5% HCl (~ 0.0137 M) by gravimetric and electrochemical polarization methods in the presence of differentconcentrations of Triton-X 100 of 5, 10, 20 and occasionally by 50 ppm at different of temperatures of 30, 45, and 60 °C. The gravimetric results showed maximum inhibition efficiency of ~ 77% when 50 ppm of Triton-X 100 used at 30 °C, whilethe potentiodynamic polarization measurements showed a maximum inhibition efficiency of ~ 63% when 20 ppm were used. The adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption of TX-100 is a spontaneous process; accompaniedby a decrease in entropy upon increasing the concentration of TX-100. Electrochemical polarization measurements supportthe finding of weight loss data. The results from this work can be useful to relevant industrial sectors of using this surfactantas corrosion inhibitor during acid cleaning.

Methylene Blue를 이용한 역미셀에서 물의 세 가지 상태에 대한 분광학적 연구

박범영,정갑상,유수창,최호섭,Bum Young Park,Kab Sang Jung,Soo-Chang Yu,Ho Seob Choi 대한화학회 2003 대한화학회지 Vol.47 No.4

Cyclohexane에 녹아있는 Triton X-100/n-hexanol/water 계의 비이온성 역미셀(reverse micelle)에 대한 미세 환경정보를 알아보기 위해 methylene blue(MB)를 이용하여 흡광 및 형광 분광법으로 고찰하였다. 역미셀의 극성 중심(polar core)에서 물의 미세 상태에 대한 정보는 MB와 Triton X-100 사이의 착물형성과 용매화변색(solvatochromic)거동을 조사해 봄으로써 얻을 수 있었으며, 역미셀의 안쪽 극성 중심에서 3가지 상태로 존재함을 알 수 있었다. 물의 세 가지 상태에 대한 $W(=[H_2O]/[Surf])$값은 0.71, 4.98, 7.26으로 측정되었으며, 그에 대한 MB의 형광수명은 $15.45 ns{\pm}0.56$, $12.27 ns{\pm}0.79$, 그리고 $8.28 ns{\pm}0.82$으로 나타났다. In order to find out the microscopic environmental information on the nonionic reverse micelle of Triton X-100/n-hexanol/water in cyclohexane, an absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic study has been conducted using a methylene blue(MB). The information on the microscopic states of water in the polar core of the reverse micelle has been found by investigating complex formation and solvatochromic behavior between MB and Triton X-100. As a result, it was found that there exist three states in the polar core of the reverse micelle. The measured values of $W(=[H_2O]/[Surf])$ for the three states of water are 0.71, 4.98, and 7.26, and the corresponding lifetimes of MB are $15.45 ns{\pm}0.56$, $12.27 ns{\pm}0.79$, and $8.28 ns{\pm}0.82$, respectively.