식사의 철분밀도에 따른 남녀 대학생의 식품섭취 패턴 및 철분 영양상태의 차이

현태선,연미영,한영희,황석연,구혜진,김선영 대한영양사협회 2003 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.9 No.1

Food intake patterns and iron nutritional status of mate and female college students were studied based on dietary iron density. Dietary data were collected using the method of 24-hour recalls for 3 consecutive days from 106 students, and fasting blood were drawn to measure iron nutritional status indicators such as total iron binding capacity, serum iron, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red blood cell count. Mean daily iron intakes of male and female students were 13.3mg and 10.0mg, which were 107% and 63% of the RDA, respectively. However, dietary iron density were similar between male and female students as 5.9mg/l,000㎉ and 5.7mg/l,000㎉, respectively. The diets were divided into two groups according to iron density; high iron density group (6mg/1,000㎉ or more) and low iron density group(less than 6mg/1,000㎉). The students in high density group had lower intakes of energy, especially fat, than those in low density group. Female students in high density group showed significantly higher intakes of iron, and non-heme iron and folate than those of low density group. The students in high density group consumed more rice, hamburger, and eggs, while those in low density group consumed more Ra-myon and alcoholic beverages. The students in high density group consumed greater proportions of iron from plant-origin foods. Vegetables, legumes and seasonings were the food groups that female students in high density group consumed significantly more than those in low density group. Also the percentages of female students with iron deficiency were higher in low density group. These results suggest that diet with high iron density is important to improve iron nutritional status of women, and further research about the effective way to increase iron density in our diet is needed.

식사구성안 권장식사패턴의 영양 적정성 평가 - 2015 한국인 영양소 섭취기준 -

김영남 한국가정과교육학회 2017 한국가정과교육학회지 Vol.29 No.3

Nutritional adequacy of Target patterns in Dietary Guidance System were evaluated. Study subjects were 18 Target patterns designed for 2 children groups, 4 adolescent and 4 adult male and female groups in Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans 2015. Nutrients examined were 4 macro-nutrients(protein, fat, carbohydrate, and dietary fiber), 5 minerals(Ca, P, Fe, Na, and K), and 5 vitamins(vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C). Energy and nutrients contents were calculated based upon assigned multiples of single serving in Target pattern and Representative Food Composition Table by Excel program. Among the 18 Target patterns, only 5 were mean adequacy ratio(MAR) of 1.0, fulfilled the expectations of Dietary Guidance System. Protein and Na contents were more than dietary reference intakes(DRI) in all 18 Target patterns. Dietary fiber, Ca, and K were deficient nutrient in 15, 10, and 9 Target patterns, respectively. The units of vitamin A were not same in Target pattern and DRI, retinol equivalent(RE) in Target pattern and retinol activity equivalent(RAE) in DRI. When calculate RE content of vitamin A in Target pattern to RAE content, 15 Target patterns did not reach to DRI of vitamin A. The Target pattern of elderly women showed the lowest mean adequacy ratio(MAR), 7 nutrients were less than DRI, need to be revised. Average energy contribution ratio of protein, fat, and carbohydrate were 16.04%, 24.35%, and 60.91%, respectively, fulfilled the adequate acceptable macro-nutrient distribution range(AMDR). To improve the nutritional inadequacy of dietary fiber, Ca, K, and vitamin A in Target pattern, effective mean may be the increasing vegetable group assignment. Also decreasing the meat・fish・egg・legume group assignment in some Target pattern may be the way of preventing of protein overconsumption. The energy in adequate amount for condiment use also need to be considered. 2015 한국인 영양소 섭취기준에 제시된 18개의 연령군별 권장식사패턴을 대상으로 영양 적정성을 분석하였다. 권장식사패턴의 식품군별 배정 횟수와 대표영양가표를 활용하여 에너지 함량과 에너지분율의 적정성 여부를 조사하였고, 단백질, 식이섬유, 무기질(Ca, P, Fe, Na, K), 비타민(비타민 A, 티아민, 리보플라빈, 니아신, 비타민 C)의 12가지 영양소에 대하여 영양소 섭취기준 충족 여부를 확인하였다. 조사 대상 12가지 영양소 모두 영양소 섭취기준을 충족시키는 권장식사패턴(MAR=1.0)은 5개뿐으로, 모든 권장식사패턴이 식사구성안의 영양 기대 목표를 만족시키지는 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 권장식사패턴 18개 모두에서 영양소 섭취기준을 충족시켰던 영양소로 단백질과 나트륨이 있었으며, 식이섬유, 칼슘, 칼륨은 미 충족 권장식사패턴이 각각 15개, 10개, 9개나 되었다. 비타민 A의 경우 영양소 섭취기준의 단위는 RAE이고 대표영양가표의 단위는 RE로 되어 있다. 단위의 차이를 무시한 채 비교하였을 때는 18개 권장식사패턴 모두가 비타민 A 권장섭취량을 충족시키는 것으로 조사되었으나, 권장식사패턴의 RE 단위 함량을 RAE 단위 함량으로 환산하여 비교하는 경우 3개 권장식사패턴만이 권장섭취량을 충족시키는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 여성 노인의 권장식사패턴은 MAR이 0.90으로 가장 낮았으며, 영양소 섭취기준을 충족시키지 못하는 영양소가 7가지나 있는 것으로 확인되어 조정이 필요하다. 단백질, 지방, 탄수화물의 에너지분율은 각각 16.04%, 24.35%, 60.91%로 에너지적정비율을 충족시키고 있었다. 권장식사패턴의 에너지 증감을 최소한으로 하면서 영양소 섭취기준에 미달하는 식이섬유, 칼슘, 칼륨, 비타민 A 함량을 증가시킬 수 있는 방안으로 채소군의 배정 횟수 증가가 바람직할 것으로 나타났고, 단백질의 과잉 섭취를 억제하는 방안으로 고기・생선・달걀・콩류군의 배정 횟수 감소도 일부 권장식사패턴의 경우 고려해 볼 필요성이 있다. 그리고 양념의 사용은 식단 구성 시 배제하고 있는데, 권장식사패턴에서 양념의 사용에 따른 에너지 배정이 적정 수준으로 확보될 수 있도록 고려하여야겠다.

3D 프린팅을 이용한 P LA+ 소재의 채움 패턴 및 밀도 변화에 따른 인장강도 연구

나두현,김현준 한국소성∙가공학회 2022 소성가공 : 한국소성가공학회지 Vol.31 No.5

Presently, 3D printers manufactured by material extrusion are economical and easy to use, so they are being used in various fields. However, this study conducted a tensile test on the infill pattern and density of the PLA+ material, due to the limitations of long printing time as well as low mechanical strength. The infill area for the infill density change was measured, using a vision-measuring machine for four infill patterns (concentric, zigzag, honeycomb, and cross) in which the nozzle path was the same for each layer. The tensile strength/weight[MPa/g] and tensile strength/printing time[MPa/min] of the tensile specimens were analyzed. In this study, efficient infill density and patterns are suggested, for cost reduction and productivity improvement. Consequently, it was confirmed that the infill area and infill percentage of the four patterns, were not constant according to the infill pattern. And the tensile strength of the infill density 40% of the honeycomb pattern and infill density 20% of the cross pattern, tended to highly consider the weight and printing time. Honeycomb and cross patterns could reduce the weight of the tensile specimen by 19.11%, 28.07%, as well as the printing time by 29.56%, 52.25%. Tensile strength was high in the order of concentric, zigzag, honeycomb, and cross patterns, considering the weight and printing time.

간단한 지수함수를 패턴 밀도 함수로 이용한 LGP 패턴 설계

김영철,김대욱,오태식,이용민,안승준,김호섭,Kim, Young-Chul,Kim, Dae-Wook,Oh, Tae-Sik,Lee, Yong-Min,Ahn, Seung-Joon,Kim, Ho-Seob 한국광학회 2010 한국광학회지 Vol.21 No.3

전산모사를 통하여 LGP 출력 분포를 조절할 수 있는 패턴 밀도 함수를 찾고 그 효과를 조사하였다. 패턴 밀도 함수, 즉 패턴 간격은 [Pexp(-y/70)+Qexp(+y/25)]R로 조사되었다. 이 함수를 이용하여 패턴의 간격을 조절하는 방식으로 반구형 패턴이 장착된 도광판을 설계하여 도광판 출력 분포를 분석한 결과 출력 분포가 등간격 패턴에 의한 출력 분포에 비하여 확연히 개선되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 이 함수를 피라미드 패턴에 적용하여 도광판의 출력을 조사하였는데, 반구형 패턴의 경우와 마찬가지로 출력 분포가 개선되는 것을 확인하였다. A pattern density function using simulation analysis for controlling LGP output distribution was proposed. The pattern density function was found as [Pexp(-y/70)+Qexp(+y/25)]R. We analyzed the LGP output distribution of a hemi-sphere pattern using the function and then found that its output distribution was clearly improved as compared with that of the equi-distance pattern. We found that the density function works well for the pyramid pattern case as well as.

Boundedness, Stabilization, and Pattern Formation Driven by Density-Suppressed Motility

Jin, Hai-Yang,Kim, Yong-Jung,Wang, Zhi-An Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics 2018 SIAM journal on applied mathematics Vol.78 No.3

<P>We are concerned with the following density-suppressed motility model: <TEX>$u_t=\Delta (\gamma(v) u)+\mu u(1-u); v_t=\Delta v+ u-v,$</TEX> in a bounded smooth domain <TEX>$\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^2$</TEX> with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions, where the motility function <TEX>$\gamma(v)\in C^3([0,\infty))$</TEX>, <TEX>$\gamma (v)>0$</TEX>, <TEX>$\gamma'(v)<0$</TEX> for all <TEX>$v\geq 0$</TEX>, <TEX>$\lim_{v \to \infty}\gamma(v)=0$</TEX>, and <TEX>$\lim_{v \to \infty}\frac{\gamma'(v)}{\gamma(v)}$</TEX> exists. The model is proposed to advocate a new possible mechanism: density-suppressed motility can induce spatio-temporal pattern formation through self-trapping. The major technical difficulty in the analysis of above density-suppressed motility model is the possible degeneracy of diffusion from the condition <TEX>$\lim_{v \to \infty}\gamma(v)=0$</TEX>. In this paper, by treating the motility function <TEX>$\gamma(v)$</TEX> as a weight function and employing the method of weighted energy estimates, we derive the a priori <TEX>$L^\infty$</TEX>-bound of <TEX>$v$</TEX> to rule out the degeneracy and establish the global existence of classical solutions of the above problem with a uniform-in-time bound. Furthermore, we show if <TEX>$\mu>\frac{K_0}{16}$</TEX> with <TEX>$K_0=\max_{0\leq v \leq \infty}\frac{|\gamma'(v)|^2}{\gamma(v)}$</TEX>, the constant steady state (1,1) is globally asymptotically stable and, hence, pattern formation does not exist. For small <TEX>$\mu>0$</TEX>, we perform numerical simulations to illustrate aggregation patterns and wave propagation formed by the model.</P>

Sex-, growth pattern-, and growth status-related variability in maxillary and mandibular buccal cortical thickness and density

Sydney Schneider,Vaibhav Gandhi,Madhur Upadhyay,Veerasathpurush Allareddy,Aditya Tadinada,Sumit Yadav 대한치과교정학회 2020 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.50 No.2

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to quantitatively analyze the bone parameters (thickness and density) at four different interdental areas from the distal region of the canine to the mesial region of the second molar in the maxilla and the mandible. The secondary aim was to compare and contrast the bone parameters at these specific locations in terms of sex, growth status, and facial type. Methods: This retrospective cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) study reviewed 290 CBCT images of patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Cortical bone thickness in millimeters (mm) and density in pixel intensity value were measured for the regions (1) between the canine and first premolar, (2) between the first and second premolars, (3) between the second premolar and first molar, and (4) between the first and second molars. At each location, the bone thickness and density were measured at distances of 2, 6, and 10 mm from the alveolar crest. Results: The sex comparison (male vs. female) in cortical bone thickness showed no significant difference (p > 0.001). The bone density in growing subjects was significantly (p < 0.001) lower than that in non-growing subjects for most locations. There was no significant difference (p > 0.001) in bone parameters in relation to facial pattern in the maxilla and mandible for most sites. Conclusions: There was no significant sex-related difference in cortical bone thickness. The buccal cortical bone density was higher in females than in males. Bone parameters were similar for subjects with hyperdivergent, hypodivergent, and normodivergent facial patterns. [Korean J Orthod 2020;50(2):108-119]

토지이용특성이 통행수단 및 통행목적별 통행패턴에 미치는 효과

민병학,이건원,김세용 대한건축학회 2016 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.32 No.4

This study empirically analyzes the effect factors of each land use characteristic-density, diversity and accessibility-on inflow travel which is classified by two properties of trip, trip purpose and travel mode, in Seoul Metropolitan area. For the analysis, precedent studies related to land use and trip are reviewed, and a research hypothesis is set from the review. Land use characteristics are divided into three properties which is density, diversity and accessibility and twelve independent variables are included in them. Trips are classified as five different trip patterns by properties of trip which are trip purpose and travel mode, and models for analyzing are built for each pattern. The sample size is 283,093 trips which inflow into Seoul. Analysis of effects of land use characteristics on each trip pattern is performed by using regression analysis. According to the analysis results, it is necessary to plan and carry out public policy projects by considering land-use characteristics of regions, and it is able to enhance walkability and trips on transit by increasing in global integration of Seoul.

STI-CMP공정에서 표면특성에 미치는 패턴구조 및 슬러리 종류의 효과

이훈(Hoon Lee),임대순(Dae-Soon Lim),이상익(Sang-Ick Lee) 한국트라이볼로지학회 2002 한국트라이볼로지학회 학술대회 Vol.35 No.-

Recently, STI(Shallow Trench Isolation) process has attracted attention for high density of semiconductor device as a essential isolation technology. In this paper, the effect of pattern density, trench width and selectivity of slurry on dishing in STI CMP process was investigated by using specially designed isolation pattern. As trench width increased, the dishing tends to increase. At 20㎛ pattern size, the dishing was decreased with increasing pattern density. Low selectivity slurry shows less dishing at over 160㎛ trench width, whereas high selectivity slurry shows less dishing at below 160㎛ trench width.

녹지구조에 따른 경관 선호도

조현길,안태원 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2012 Journal of Forest Science Vol.28 No.1

There is little information about appropriate greenspace structures to satisfy aesthetic function in Korea. The purpose of this study was to analyze Korean's aesthetic preferences for greenspace structures concerned with urban tree plantings of an areal type to explore desirable greenspace landscapes. The study considered 5 structural variables of greenspace which were species composition, tree density, tree size, vertical and horizontal structure, and tree layout pattern. A photo-questionnaire was prepared through color simulations of different landscape types for each structural variable. Preference responses of an interval-scale rating from 214 respondents were statistically analyzed between landscape types and between respondent groups. Respondents preferred greenspace landscapes with diverse tree species to single species, higher tree density to lower density, larger trees to many smaller trees, multilayered and grouped plantings to single-layered and sparse plantings, and informal pattern to formal pattern. These preferences tended to be relatively higher for educated specialist and student groups than for other generalist group. Thus, multilayered and dense plantings in natural pattern including larger trees of diverse species, which are similar to ecological plantings, are recommended to increase aesthetic function of greenspace.

제2형 당뇨병환자에서 식사의 규칙성을 중심으로 한 식습관 실태 분석

안희정,박강서,민경완,한경아,김현진,구보경,김효정 대한당뇨병학회 2008 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.32 No.1

Background: The regular meal pattern with consistent day-to-day calorie and carbohydrate intake is one of the most important determinants of good glycemic control in diabetes. This study was aimed to investigate the meal pattern and their relationships with total energy intake, nutrients intake and glycemic and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes. Methods: 1,084 subjects were divided according to glycemic status into three groups: the diabetes (DM), dysglycemia (DG) and normal (N). The meal frequency (MF), meal interval (MI) and daily intake of total energy, macronutrient and micronutrient were estimated with the 24 hours dietary recall from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) in 2001 and Eulji hospital. For analysis of meal pattern and it's relations with the nutrients intake, we regrouped into meal skipper (G1), non-meal skipper with unreasonable MI (G2), and non-meal skipper with reasonable MI (G3). Results: 17.5% of DM, 21.8% of DG, 23.3% of N skipped at least one meal a day without significant difference across the groups. 55.9% of non-meal skipper had unreasonable MI. Meal was more regular in older age, lower educated person, employee, and female. G1 took higher fat, and more calories form snack and less micronutrient density, compared with G3 (P < 0.05). HbA1c, total cholesterol and triglyceride values were higher in G1 compared with other two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Many type 2 diabetics had the irregular meal patterns, which was associated with poor glycemic control, lipid profiles and less micronutrient density. This suggested that another treatment strategy might be required for those who had irregular lifestyle. (J Kor Diabetes Assoc 32:68~76, 2008)