논과 밭에서 파종기에 따른 사일리지용 옥수수의 일반생육 및 수량 비교

손범영(Beom-Young Son),김정태(Jung-Tae Kim),이진석(Jin-Seok Lee),백성범(Seong-Bum Baek),김욱한(Wook-Han Kim),김종덕(Jong-Duk Kim) 한국초지조사료학회 2010 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.30 No.3

본 연구는 논에서의 파종기에 따른 사일리지용 옥수수의 생육특성 및 수량을 비교 분석할 뿐 아니라 논과 밭의 생육특성 및 수량도 비교 분석하고자 수행하였다. 논에서의 파종기에 따른 사일리지용 옥수수의 출사일수는 4월 22일 파종기에 81일, 5월 20일 파종기에 70일, 6월10일 파종기에 62일로 파종기가 늦어짐에 따라 출사일수는 짧아졌다. 논과 밭 간의 출사일수는 차이가 없었다. 논에서의 간장은 4월 22일 파종기와 5월 20일 파종기 간 차이는 없었으나 6월 10일 파종기에 간장이 급격히 줄어드는 결과를 나타내었다. 논과 밭 간의 간장은 차이가 없었다. 논에서의 파종기에 따른 도복은 차이가 없었으나, 논과 밭 간의 도복은 차이가 있었다. 논에서 파종기에 따른 후기녹체성의 차이는 없었으며 논과 밭 간의 차이도 없었다. 논에서 파종기에 따른 암이삭 비율이 파종기가 늦어짐에 따라 암이삭 비율이 낮아지는 경향이었다. 논과 밭 간의 암이삭 비율 차이는 없었다. 논에서의 파종기에 따른 사일리지용 옥수수의 생초수량은 파종기가 늦어짐에 따라 4월 22일 파종기에 비하여 각각 15%, 32% 감소하였다. 논과 밭 간의 생체수량은 차이가 없었다. 건물수량은 5월 20일 파종기가 4월 22일 파종기에 비하여 각각 9% 증가하였으나, 6월 10일 파종기는 4월 22일 파종기에 비하여 24% 감소 하였다. 논의 건물수량이 밭에 비해 9% 감소하였다. TDN 수량은 5월 20일 파종기가 4월 22일 파종기에 비하여 각각 5% 증가하였으나, 6월 10일 파종기는 4월 22일 파종기에 비하여 28% 감소하였다. 그리고 논의 TDN 수량은 밭에 비해 11% 감소하였다. This study was conducted to evaluate growth characteristics and yield of silage corn hybrids by different planting dates at paddy and upland field. Days to silking by different planting dates at paddy field were 81 days at planting on April 22, 70 days on May 20 and 62 days on June 10, respectively, and they were getting shorter as planting date delayed. There was no significant difference in days to silking between paddy and upland field. Plant height in paddy field was no significant difference between at planting on April 22 and on May 20, and it was shortened sharply at planting on June 10. There was no significant difference in plant height between paddy and upland field. There was no significant difference in lodging by different planting dates in paddy field. There was significant difference in lodging between paddy and upland field (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in stay-green by different planting dates in paddy field, and no significant difference between paddy and upland field. Ear ratios to total dry matter in paddy field were 43% at planting on April 22, 41% on May 20 and 28% on June 10, respectively, and it was lower as planting date delayed. There was no significant difference in ear ratios to total dry matter between paddy and upland field. Fresh yields in paddy field were lower with 14% at planting on May 20 and 32% on June 10 compared to on April 22 as planting date delayed. There was no significant difference in fresh yield between paddy and upland field. Dry matter yields in paddy field were higher with 9% at planting on May 20 and lower with 24% on June 10 compared to at planting on April 22 as planting date delayed. Dry matter yield in paddy field was lower with 9% compared to 1,931 ㎏/10a at planting on April 22. TDN (Total digestible nutrients) yields in paddy field were higher with 5% at planting on May 20 and lower with 28% on June 10 compared to at planting on April 22 as planting date delayed. TDN yield in paddy field was lower with 11% compared to 1,340㎏/10a at planting on April 22.

Excessive soil water stress responses of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and perilla (Perilla frutescens L.) cultivated from paddy fields with different topographic features

류종수,백인열,곽강수,한원영,배진우,박진기,전현정 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2018 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.45 No.4

In Korea, the largest agricultural lands are paddy fields which have poor infiltration and drainage properties. Recently, the Korean government has pursued cultivating upland crops in paddy fields to reduce overproduced rice in Korea. For this policy to succeed, it is critical to understand the topographic information of paddy fields and its effects on upland crops cultivated in the soils of paddy fields. The objective of this study was to characterize the growth properties of sesame and perilla from paddy fields with three soil topographic features and soil water effects which were induced by the topographic features of the sesame and perilla. The crops were planted in paddy fields located in Miryang, Gyeongnam with different topographies: mountain foot slope, local valley and alluvial plain. Soil water contents and groundwater levels were measured every hour during the growing season. The paddy field of the mountain foot slope was significantly effective in alleviating wet injury for the sesame and perilla in the paddy fields. The paddy field of the mountain foot slope had a decreased average soil water content and groundwater level during cultivation. Stress day index (SDI) from the alluvial plain paddy field had the greatest values from both crops and the smallest from the ones from the paddy field of the mountain foot slope. This result means that sesame and perilla had the smallest stress from the soil water content of the paddy field on the mountain foot slope and the greatest stress from the soil water content of the alluvial plain. It is important to consider the topography of paddy fields to reduce wet injury and to increase crop yields.

Growth and Yield Characterization of Soybean (Glycine max L.) and Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis L.) Cultivated from Paddy Fields with Different Topographic Features

Hyen Chung Chun,Ki Yuol Jung,Young Dae Choi,Sanghun Lee,Hang Won Kang 한국토양비료학회 2018 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.51 No.4

In Korea, the largest agricultural lands are paddy fields which have poor infiltration and drainage properties. Recently, Korean government pursuits cultivating upland crops in paddy fields to reduce overproduced rice in Korea. In order to succeed this policy, it is critical to understand topographic information of paddy fields and its effects on upland crops cultivating in paddy field soils. The objectives of this study were characterizing growth properties of soybean and adzuki bean from paddy fields with three soil topographic features and soil water effects which were induced by topographic features on sesame and perilla. The crops were planted in paddy fields located in Miryang, Gyeongnam with different topographies; mountain foot slope, local valley and alluvial plain. Soil water contents and groundwater levels were measured every hour during growing season. The paddy field of mountain foot slope was significantly effective to alleviate wet injury for soybean and adzuki bean in paddy fields. The paddy field of mountain foot slope decreased average soil water content and groundwater level during cultivation. Stress day index (SDI) from the alluvial plain paddy field had the greatest values from both crops and the smallest from ones of mountain foot slope. This result meant that soybean and adzuki bean had the smallest stress of soil water from the paddy field of mountain foot slope and the greatest from one of alluvial plain. It is important to consider topography of paddy fields to reduction of wet injury and to increase in yields.

남부 평야지 자운영재배답에서 논유형과 질소수준이 벼 생육 및 토양 화학성에 미치는 영향

윤봉기,김병호,이인,최형국,박인진,김용웅 한국국제농업개발학회 2003 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.15 No.3

녹비작물로서 자운영을 재배한 논에 벼를 재배할 때 질소비료의 절감기준을 구명하고자 평야지인 전남 나주의 보통답과 사질답에서 관행, 자운영+질소 70%, 자운영+질소 50%, 자운영+질소 30%, 자운영+무질소의 5처리로 1999년부터 2001년까지 3년동안 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 자운영의 개화성기 생육은 초장 43.6~43.9㎝, 생초중 21.79~24.99Mg ha^(-1)이였으며 무기성분 함량은 T-N 2.40~2.64%, P₂O_(5) 0.42~0.46%, K₂O 1.83~2.01%였다. 자운영의 생육은 보통답이 사질답에 비하여 생초중이 많았고 T-N, T-C, P₂O_(5), CaO, MgO의 함량도 높았다. 2. 토양중 NH₄-N함량의 경시적 변화는 이앙후 7일에 20.7~47.4㎎ kg^(-1)으로 점차 감소하였는데 처리에 따라서는 자운영+질소 70%, 자운영+질소 50% 시용구에서 높았다. 3. 벼의 생육은 사질답이 보통답에 비하여 초장 및 간장이 크고 ㎡당경수가 많았고 처리에 따라서는 자운영+질소 50%, 자운영+질소 30%시용구에서 생육이 좋았다. 식물체중의 T-N, P₂O_(5), K₂O함량도 자운영+질소 70%, 자운영+질소 50%시용구에서 많은 편이었다. 4. 시험후 토양의 화학성은 관행에 비하여 보통답의 자운영 시용구에서 OM, CEC, Ava, P₂O_(5)함량이 증가하였고 사질답에서는 CEC가 증가하였다. 5. 벼의 수량은 관행(보통답 5.15Mg ha^(-1), 사질답 5.16Mg ha^(-1))에 비하여 보통답에서는 자운영+질소 70%, 50%, 30%시용구에서 각각 3, 6, 4% 증수되었고, 사질답에서는 자운영+질소 70%, 50%시용구에서 각각 3, 5%증수되었다. 6. 남부 평야지에서 자운영을 재배하여 생초 20Mg ha^(-1)를 녹비로 투입하면 벼를 재배시 질수시용 적정량을 보통답에서는 관행시비량의 30%, 사질답에서는 관행시비량의 50%이였다. This study was conducted to find out an amount of N fertilizer for rice culture followed after milk vetch(MV) cultivated at normal and sandy paddy field in Naju which lies to southern plain region from 1999 to 2001. The amounts of N fertilizer were 110(normal paddy) and 130(sandy paddy)㎏ ha^(-1) at control and 0, 30, 50, 70% of control. At flowering stage of MV, Plant height was 43.6~43.9㎝ and fresh weight was more than that of sandy paddy field. Also, the contents of T-N, T-C, P₂O_(5), CaO, MgO in MV plant cultivated normal paddy field were higher than those of sandy paddy field. Content of NH₄-N in soil was 20.7~47.4㎎ ㎏^(-1) at 7days after transplanting and 6.1~8.1㎎ ㎏^(-1) at 70days after transplanting of rice plant. Content of NH₄-N in soil was high at the treatments of MV+N50% and MV+N70%. Rice plant height, culm length and the number of tiller per ㎡ in sandy paddy field were higher than those of normal paddy field. Growth of rice plant in MV+N70% and MV+N50% was higher than that in others. And the content of T-N, P₂O_(5) and K₂O of rice plant in MV+N70% and MV+N50% were higher than those in others. Chemical properties of soil after experiment were pH 5.1~5.9, OM 15.6~20.9g ㎏^(-1). CEC 10.1~13.8cmol ㎏^(-1) and Ava. P₂O_(5) 152~244㎎ ㎏^(-1). The contents of OM. CEC and Ava. P₂O_(5) in soil applied MV at normal paddy field were higher than those of the control, and the content of CEC in soil applied MV at flowering stage, rice yields of MV+N70%, 50%, MV+N30% were increased 3, 6, 4% more than that of control (5.15Mg ha^(-1)) at normal paddy field. Rice yields of MV+N70%, MV+N50% were increased 3, 5% higher than that of control(5.16Mg ha^(-1)) at sandy paddy field. Nitrogen application rate of normal paddy field was 30%, and sandy paddy field was 50% of conventional fertilization rate when 20Mg ha^(-1) MV cultivated paddy field was inputed for rice culture in the southern plains.

벼 논에서 토양 유기물 함량, 논 유형 및 농업기후대가 CH₄ 배출에 미치는 영향

고지연,이재생,우관식,송석보,강종래,서명철,곽도연,오병근,남민희,Ko, Jee-Yeon,Lee, Jae-Saeng,Woo, Koan-Sik,Song, Seok-Bo,Kang, Jong-Rae,Seo, Myung-Chul,Kwak, Do-Yeon,Oh, Byeong-Gun,Nam, Min-Hee 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.5

영남지역에서 자연적 입지조건이 논토양 온실가스 배출에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자, 2004년, 2005 및 2007년의 3년간 경남 밀양에 위치한 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부 시험포장과 인근 포장에서 연구를 수행하였다. 논토양에서 온실가스 배출과 관련 깊은 자연적 요인인 논토양 유기물 함량, 논 유형 (보통답, 미숙답, 습답 및 사질답) 및 농업기후대별 (영남내륙지대, 영남내륙산간지대 평지 및 산지, 동해안중부지대) 로 $CH_4$ 배출량을 조사하였다. 논토양 유기물 함량에 따른 $CH_4$ 배출량은 동일비료의 장기연용에 의하여 인접한 토양임에도 토양유기물 함량이 서로 다른 시험구에서 벼 표준재배법에 따라 동일하게 시비관리하면서 조사하였다. 논토양 $CH_4$ 배출량은 GWP 기준으로 3요소+퇴비 장기시용에 의하여 유기물 함량이 가장 높았던 처리구에서 $CH_4$ 배출량이 $3,597kg\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ (100%)으로 가장 많았고, 다음으로 퇴비 72.1%, 3요소 70.5%, 3요소+규산 49.9% 및 무비 41.1%의 순으로 나타났다. 이는 토양 유기물 함량의 순서와 일치하였으며, 논토양 온실가스 배출량과 토양 유기물 함량 사이에는 r = $0.963^{**}$의 고도로 유의한 정의 상관관계가 있었다 (y = $4.3096x^{1.81314}$, 단 x는 토양 유기물함량, g $kg^{-1}$).논 유형별 $CH_4$ 배출량 (GWP) 은 토양 투수속도가 느리고, 유기물 함량이 높아 토양의 혐기상태가 강하게 유지되는 습답에서 $14,160kg\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ (100%)로 가장 많았고, 미숙답은 64.0%, 보통답 46.8%, 사질답 23.8%의 순으로 나타났다. 농업기후대에 따른 논토양 $CH_4$ 배출량 (GWP)은 벼 재배기간 중 평균기온이 가장 높았던 영남내륙지대 (밀양)에서 $4,967kg\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ (100%)로 가장 배출량이 많았 고, 동해안중부지대 (영덕) 94.6%, 영남내륙산간 평지 (상주 신봉) 91.7% 및 영남내륙산간 산지 (상주 화서) 78.9%의 순이었다. 기후대별 온도인자 중 7-9월 평균기온과 논토양 온실가스 배출량 사이의 회귀식은 y = 389.7x-4,287(단 x는 농업기후대별 7-9월 평균기온, $R^2=0.906^*$)이었다. 이와 같은 자연적 입지조건이 논토양 $CH_4$ 배출에 미치는 영향에 대한 이해를 높임으로써 논토양 입지조건을 고려한 온실가스 저감방법 구명 및 개발에 기초연구로 이용될 수 있을 것이다. To evaluate the effects of abiotic factors of paddy fields on greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from rice paddy fields, $CH_4$ emission amounts were investigated from rice paddy fields by different soil organic matter contents, paddy types, and agricultural climatic zone in Yeongnam area during 3 years. $CH_4$ emission amounts according to soil organic matter contents in paddy field were conducted at having different contents of 5 soil organic matters fields (23.6, 28.7, 31.0, 34.5, and $38.0g\;kg^{-1}$), The highest $CH_4$ emission amount was recorded in the highest soil organic matters plot of $38.0g\;kg^{-1}$. High correlation coefficient (r=$0.963^{**}$) was obtained between $CH_4$ emissions from paddy fields and their soil organic matter contents. According to paddy field types, $CH_4$ emission amounts were investigated at 4 different paddy fields as wet paddy, sandy paddy, immature paddy, and mature paddy. The highest $CH_4$ emissions was recorded in wet paddy (100%) and followed as immature paddy 64.0%, mature paddy 46.8%, and sandy paddy 23.8%, respectively. For the effects of temperature on $CH_4$ emissions from paddy fields, 4 agricultural climatic zones were investigated, which were Yeongnam inland zone (YIZ), eastern coast of central zone (ECZ), plain area of Yeongnam inland mountainous zone (PMZ), and mountainous area of Yeongnam inland mountainous zone (MMZ). The order of $CH_4$ emission amounts from paddy fields by agricultural climatic zone were YIZ (100%) > ECZ (94.6%) > PMZ (91.6%) > MMZ (78.9%). The regression equation between $CH_4$ emission amounts from paddy fields and average air temperature of Jul. to Sep. of agricultural climatic zone was y = 389.7x-4,287 (x means average temperature of Jul. to Sep. of agricultural climatic zone, $R^2=0.906^*$)

남부 중간지 자운영재배답에서 벼재배시 논 유형에 따른 질소시비량 구명

윤봉기,김병호,김희권,이인,최형국,박인진 한국국제농업개발학회 2003 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.15 No.1

중간지의 보통답과 사질답에서 녹비작물인 자운영을 재배한 논에 벼를 재배할 때 답 유형에 따른 질소비료 시용량을 구명하고자 전남 구례의 보통답과 사질답에서 관행, 자운영+질소 70%, 자운영+질소 50%, 자운영+질소 30%, 자운영+무질소의 5처리로 2000년부터 2년동안 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 자운영의 개화성기 생육은 초장 44.1∼44.2㎝, 생초중 20.1∼22.5Mg ㏊^-1이였으며 무기성분 함량은 T-N 2.46∼2.68%, P_2O_5 0.56∼0.60%, K_2O 2.05∼2.18%였다. 사질답에 비하여 보통답에서 자운영의 생초중이 많았다. 2. 토양중 NH_4-N함량의 경시적 변화는 이앙 후 7일에 21.5∼48.3㎎ ㎏^-1으로 가장 높았으며 이앙후 70일에 7.0∼9.7㎎ ㎏^-1으로 점차 감소하였는데 처리에 따라서는 자운영+질소 70%, 자운영+질소 50%시용구에서 높았다. 3. 벼 수확기의 간장 76∼85㎝, 수장 17.9∼19.2㎝로 사질답이 보통답에 비하여 간장, 수장이 컸다. 4. 시험후 토양의 화학성은 pH 5.4∼5.8, OM 21.5∼24.4g ㎏^-1, CEC 9.2∼10.9cmol ㎏^-1, Ava. P_2O_5 141∼360㎎ ㎏^-1으로 자운영처리구에서 OM, CEC함량이 증가하였다. 5. 벼의 수량은 관행(보통답 5.03Mg ㏊^-1, 사질답 5.18Mg ㏊^-1)에 비하여 보통답의 자운영+질소 70%, 50%시용구에서 각각 5, 4%증수되었고, 사질답에서는 자운영+질소 70%, 50%시용구에서 각각 7, 4%증수되었다. 6. 남부 중간지에서 자운영을 재배하여 생초 20Mg ㏊^-1를 녹비로 투입하면 벼를 재배시 질소 시용 적정량은 보통답, 사질답 모두 관행 시비량의 50%이였다. This study was conducted to find out fertilizer recommendation rates for rice at a normal and sandy paddy field after planting milk vetch(MV) in Guryae which lies to southern medium altitude region from 100m to 250m above sea level from 2000 to 2001. The amount of N fertilizer were 110(normal paddy) and 130(sandy paddy) ㎏ ㏊^-1 at control and 0, 30, 50, 70% of the control. At flowering stage of milk vetch, the content of T-N, P_2O_5, K_2O in plant were 2.46∼2.68%, 0.56∼0.60%, 2.05∼2.18%, respectively. Plant height were 44.1∼44.2㎝. Fresh weight were 20.1∼22.5Mg ㏊^-1. Fresh weight of milk vetch cultivated in normal paddy field was more than that in sandy paddy field. The content of NH_4-N in soil was 21.5∼48.3㎎ ㎏^-1 at 7 days after planting and 7.0∼9.7㎎ ㎏^-1 at 70 days after planting. Content of NH_4-N in soil was increased at the treatments of milk vetch + N 70, 50% of control. Culm length was 76∼85㎝, panicle length was 17.9∼19.1㎝ at harvesting stage. Culm length and panicle length at sandy paddy field were longer than those of normal paddy field. Chemical properties of soil after experiment were pH 5.4∼5.8, OM 15.6∼21.5g ㎏^-1, CEC 9.2∼10.9cmol ㎏^-1, Ava. P_2O_5 141∼360㎎㎏^-1, respectively. The content of OM, CEC in soil applied milk vetch at normal paddy field was higher than those of the control, and the content of CEC in soil applied milk vetch at sandy paddy field was higher than that of the control. When milk vetch was cut at flowing stage, rice yield of milk vetch + N 70, 50% of control plot were increased 5, 4% more than that of control(5.03Mg ㏊^-1) at normal paddy field. Rice yield vetch+N 70, 50 of control were increased 7, 4% more than that of control(5.18Mg ㏊^-1) at sandy paddy field. Nitrogen application rate of normal and sandy paddy field was 50% of conventional fertilization rate when 20Mg ㏊^-1 milk vetch cultivated paddy field was inputed for rice culture in the southern medium altitude.

벼 논에서 토양 유기물 함량, 논 유형 및 농업기후대가 CH4 배출에 미치는 영향

고지연,이재생,우관식,송석보,강종래,서명철,곽도연,오병근,남민희 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.5

To evaluate the effects of abiotic factors of paddy fields on greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from rice paddy fields, CH_4 emission amounts were investigated from rice paddy fields by different soil organic matter contents, paddy types, and agricultural climatic zone in Yeongnam area during 3 years. CH_4 emission amounts according to soil organic matter contents in paddy field were conducted at having different contents of 5 soil organic matters fields (23.6, 28.7, 31.0, 34.5, and 38.0 g kg^-1), The highest CH_4 emission amount was recorded in the highest soil organic matters plot of 38.0 g kg^-1. High correlation coefficient (r=0.963^*^*) was obtained between CH_4 emissions from paddy fields and their soil organic matter contents. According to paddy field types, CH_4 emission amounts were investigated at 4 different paddy fields as wet paddy, sandy paddy,immature paddy, and mature paddy. The highest CH_4 emissions was recorded in wet paddy (100%) and followed as immature paddy 64.0%, mature paddy 46.8%, and sandy paddy 23.8%, respectively. For the effects of temperature on CH_4 emissions from paddy fields, 4 agricultural climatic zones were investigated,which were Yeongnam inland zone (YIZ), eastern coast of central zone (ECZ), plain area of Yeongnam inland mountainous zone (PMZ), and mountainous area of Yeongnam inland mountainous zone (MMZ). The order of CH4 emission amounts from paddy fields by agricultural climatic zone were YIZ (100%) > ECZ (94.6%) >PMZ (91.6%) > MMZ (78.9%). The regression equation between CH_4 emission amounts from paddy fields and average air temperature of Jul. to Sep. of agricultural climatic zone was y = 389.7x–4,287 (x means average temperature of Jul. to Sep. of agricultural climatic zone, R^2=0.906^*)

콩 논·밭 재배에서 수량예측을 위한 생육과 수량 관련 형질의 비교

조영손,박호기,김욱한,김석동,서종호,신진철 韓國作物學會 2006 한국작물학회지 Vol.51 No.7

논과 밭에서 콩 생산성과 생육 형질들의 측정치의 관계를 알아보기 위해 시험을 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 단위면적당 콩 수량은 논보다 밭에서 높은 경향 이였으나 개체당종실수는 밭에서 100립중은 논에서 높은 경향이였다. 논에서 태광콩의 수량이 가장 높았고 대원콩과 황금콩 순으로 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 밭에서는 황금콩에서 가장 높은 수량을 기록했고 대원콩과 태광콩 순으로 높았다. 2. 밭에서 수확지수는 태광콩과 황금콩이 논보다 높았고 대원콩은 논에서 밭보다 유의성은 없었으나 높은 경향이었고, 전체적으로 대원콩이 논 밭 모두에서 가장 높았다. 3. 100립중은 태광콩은 유의성이 없었으나 대원콩은 밭에서 황금콩은 논에서 높았다. 4. 엽의 녹색도는 논과 밭 재배조건 모두 파종 후 4주차부터 감소되었으나,논의 경우는 6주차까지 감소하였고, 그 이후 증가하였으며 밭의 경우는 5주차에 가장 낮은 값을 기록한 후 6주차부터는 상승하였다. 5. 지상부 건물중, 협 건물중, 협수, 경장, 경직경은 태광콩과 황금콩이 밭보다 논에서 높았으며 대원콩은 밭에서 높은 경향이었다. 6. 협 생체중은 논 밭 모두 파종 후 9주차부터 점차 상승하였으나 1 cm 이하의 협수는 논에서는 12주차, 밭에서는 11주차 이후에는 세 품종 모두 증가되지 않았다. 7. 작물생장율(CGR)은 논재배콩이 밭보다 파종후 8주차 이후부터 높은 경향이었고, 13주차에서는 대원콩이 타 품종들보다 월등히 높았다. 밭에서는 파종후 12주차부터 15주차까지 태광콩, 대원콩, 황금콩 순으로 높았다. 8. 개체당종실수와 수량간의 상관은 논 밭 모두 고도의 정상관을 보였다. 9. 엽면적과 지상부 건물중은 논에서는 파종후 5주차를 제외한 4-15주차 사이에 0.8내외의 고도의 정의 상관을 나타냈으나, 밭에서는 4, 5주차에서 상관이 낮았고 나머지 기간에는 논과 같은 양상을 보였다. 10. 엽면적과 지상부 건물중과의 상관은 논 밭 모두 고도의 정의 상관을 보였다.이 좌우되는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 또한 질소흡수량이 같더라도 총영화수와 수량은 연차간에 차이를 보였다.rotease 활성과 생물학적 기능의 상관관계를 이해하는데 활용될 수 있을 것이다.V는 앞으로 바이러스와 기주의 다양한 상호관계를 이해하는데 있어서 중요한 병원학적 성질을 가지고 있는 것으로 생각되었다.>300℃ 이하, 공정압력 1 Torr, 그리고 bias전압과 기체 혼합비를 변화시키면서 증착하였다. 증착시 in-situ OES 분석결과 플라즈마 내의 질소종의 함유량 변화에 따라 증착속도가 크게 변화됨을 알 수 있었고, 많은 질소기체를 인입하면 질소종이 많아지지만 증착률은 급격히 감소하였고 박막내 탄소의 함량이 커지면서 막질이 비정질로 바뀌고 미세경도 또한 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 이는 in-situ 플라즈마 진단분석이 전체 PEMOCVD 공정에 있어서 대단히 중요하고, Ti(C,N)과 Hf(C,N) 코팅막의 탄소함량과 미세경도는 플라즈마내의 CH과 CN radical종의 세기에 크게 의존함을 의미한다. 그리고 Hf(C,N) 박막의 경우도 Ti(C,N) 박막의 경우와 유사하게 최대 미세경도값(2460Hk0.025) 이 -600 V bias 전압과 10% 질소기체 혼합비를 사용한 경우에 얻어졌고, 이는 박막이 주로(111) 방향으로 성장됨에 기인한 것으로 사료된다.통해 평가한 염증세포 분포 점수에서 III 군이 1.6±0.6 으로 I 군 2.8±1.2 에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 결론: 압력 조절형 출혈성 쇼크 모델에서 시행한 저체온법은 정상체온을 유지하고 있는 군에 비해 쇼크 상태에서의 기초대사량을 줄여줌으로써 허혈에 의한 조직의 직접적인 손상을 억제할 수 있으리라 생각된다. 또한 저체온법은 수액의 사용량을 줄여주고 IL-8등의 싸이토카인 분비를 억제시키며 백혈구의 침윤을 줄여 The experiments were carried out to develop simulation model for estimating the yield of soybean in upland and paddy field condition. Field experiments were done at National Institute of Crop Science in 2005. The evaluated soybean cultivars were Taekwangkong, Daewonkong, and Hwangkeumkong. Soybean seeds were planted by hill seeding with 3-4 seeds and row and hill spacing were 60~times10cm in upland and 60~times15cm in paddy field. Seeds were sown on row (without making ridge) and on the top of ridge in upland and paddy field, respectively. Field parameters were measured yield components (plants/m2 , pod no./plant, and 100-seed weight, seed yield and growth characteristics (stem length, leaf area at each stage, and dry weight of shoot) and after measuring they were compared the relationships with seed yield and yield components and seed yield and growth characteristics. Seed yield of soybean was affected by cultivars and planting density. Seed yield was higher in upland than paddy field due to the higher planting density in upland field. The upland soybeans generally had lower 100-seed weight than that of paddy field. Seed yield of soybean in a paddy field was greatest in Taekwangkong and followed by Daewonkong and Hwangkeumkong. The harvest index of taekwangkong and Hwanggumkong was higher in upland than paddy field, however, it was higher in paddy field than upland in Daewonkong. Seed yield was greatest in Daewonkong in both experimental fields. The greatest stem length was observed in taekwangkong and Hwanggumkong (R6) in late growth stage in paddy field. Dry weight of shoot and pod, pod number, stem length, and stem diameter were higher grown in paddy field than grown in upland. Crop growth rate (CGR) of cultivars was higher in paddy field after 8 WAS(weeks after sowing) and it was greatest at 13 WAS in Daewonkong among the cultivars. In upland field, CGR was greatest in Taekwangkong and then followed by Daewonkong and Hwanggumkong during 12 and 15 WAS. There was no significant relationships between 100-seed weight and seed yield in both experimental fields. A significant positive relationship was observed between seed number and seed yield. The correlation coefficients between leaf area and shoot dry weight were about 0.8 during the whole growth stage except 5 WAS and 4-5 WAS in paddy field and upland, respectively. This experiment was done just one year and drained paddy field condition was not satisfied drained condition successfully at 7th leaf age of soybean by the heavy rain, so we suggest that the excessive soil water reduced seed yield in paddy field and the weather condition should be considered for utilizing of these results.

보문 : 소규모 어도 설치에 따른 논 주변 생태계의 연계성 평가

김재옥 ( Jae Ok Kim ),신현상 ( Hyun Sang Shin ),유지현 ( Ji Hyun Yoo ),이승현 ( Seung Heon Lee ),장규상 ( Kyu Sang Jang ),김범철 ( Bomchul Kim ) 한국하천호수학회(구 한국육수학회) 2011 생태와 환경 Vol.44 No.2

Agriculture modern environments can vary due to factors such as land consolidation and ditch enhancement projects. But, these improvements projects can include covering-up of irrigation ditches with concrete, increasing the drop between paddy field and drainage ditches, which might decrease the abundance and diversity of fish fauna around paddy fields. In this study, for the management of agrobiodiversity on fish in paddy fields, we installed a small-scale fishways between paddy fields and drainage ditches, and evaluated the effects on the eco-connection of the paddy fields, ditches and stream. Five fish species were recovered at the drainage ditches. The species exhibited characteristics spawning and growth based on the paddy field. The results indicate that the five fish species could ascend the paddy fields through the small-scale fishways. There are no difference of species numbers at ditches of environment-friendly agriculture paddy fields (A) and good agricultural practices (B) region, but individual numbers were higher at the B region. This result could be interpreted as indicating that ditch diversity was affected by positional properties rather than farming practices because the water flow and connection to adjacent stream of B region were better than A region. After ascertaining the fish species capable of ascending in a pre-survey of the drainage ditches, we set up small-scale fishways at the drop between paddy fields and drainage ditches. Three species of fish (Aphyocypris chinensis, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, M. mizolepis) arrived at the paddy fields via small-scale fishways. The main movement time was from 18:00~24:00 and 00:00~06:00, indicating a preference for the night time period rather than the day period for migration. Concentrating the operation time from night to dawn seems prudent for effective management of small-scale fishways.

논·밭윤환 복원논의 벼 생육특성 및 질소흡수량 변화

서종호,이충근,조영손,이춘기,김정곤 한국작물학회 2010 Korean journal of crop science Vol.55 No.2

논을 밭으로 1년 전환 후 다시 논으로 복원한 논에서의 벼의 생육촉진 및 질소흡수 증가의 효과를 살펴보기 위하여 복원논 1년 및 2년차인 2006년 및 2007년에 복원논 및 연작논을 대상으로 질소비료를 0, 3, 6 kg 10a1 시용하여 벼의 생육량, 질소흡수량, 쌀의 수량 및 단백질 함량 등을 조사하였는데 결과는 다음과 같다. 연작논에 비해 복원논에서 복원 1년 및 2년차 모두 벼의 초기생육이 크게 증가하여 유수형성기 건물중 및 질소함량이 증가하였으며, 복원논에서도 질소시비량 증가에 따라 건물중 및 질소량이 증가하여 질소시비량 6 kg 10a1까지 질소시비 효과가 뚜렷이 나타났는데, 복원논 1년차 및 2년차의 질소무비구의 건물중 및 질소흡수량은 각각 연작논의 질소시비량 6 및 3 kg 10a1와 동일한 값을 나타내었다. 수확기에서의 벼의 건물중 및 질소흡수량도 유수형성기와 비슷한 경향을 보였으며, 질소시비 방법으로는 같은 량의 질소시비량이라도 전량을 기비로 시용한 것보다 유수형성기에 추비로 3 kg 10a1를 시용한구가 질소흡수량이 다소 높았다. 수량구성요소에서는 연작논에 비해 복원논에서 벼의 수당립수가 증가하는 경향이었으며, 질소시비량이 많아질수록 등숙율이 감소하였는데, 특히 질소흡수량이 많았던 복원논-질소시비량 6 kg 10a1 구에서의 등숙비율이 많이 감소하였다. 벼의 수량도 복원논이 연작논에 비해 복원 1년차 및 2년차 모두 연작논보다 증가하였는데, 복원 1년차는 질소시비량간 벼수량의 차이가 없었지만, 복원 2년차에는 무질소시비구에서 벼의 수량이 다소 감소하였다. 현미 및 백미의 단백질 함량은 복원논이 연작논보다, 질소시비량이 증대할수록 높아졌는데, 질소시비방법에서는 질소시비량 모두 3, 6 kg 10a1 모두 유수형성기에서 추비로 3 kg 10a1를 준 구에서 높아 질소흡수량이 많은 복원논에서 질소를 추비로 줄 때 단백질함량이 증대할 위험성이 높았다. Excess nitrogen (N) uptake of rice, which could cause much lodging, disease and reduction of rice quality, could be occurred at the paddy field with previous upland condition at which much soil N could be mineralized by soil-drying effect. N fertilizers of 0, 3, and 6 kg N 10a-1 were applied to early-maturity rice, cultivar Joanbyeo at the paddy field of first and second year after upland condition, and rice growth and nitrogen uptake were investigated to know the increase of rice N uptake at the paddy field with previous upland condition for one-year. Total dry matter (DM) and N uptake of rice at the paddy field with previous upland condition increased more than continuous paddy field. Total DM and N uptake of rice at the paddy field with previous upland condition increased linearly to N fertilizer 6 kg 10a-1 at the paddy field owing to vigorous growth compared to continuous paddy field. Rice N uptake was higher at the paddy field of the first year than the second year after upland condition in considering N uptake at the plot of no N fertilizer. Vigorous growth at the paddy field with previous upland condition resulted in higher rice yield which was related with high panicle and spikelet, but much N fertilizer as much as 6 kg 10a-1 at the paddy field with previous upland condition resulted in higher lodging and protein content of brown and milled rice. Particularly, protein content of brown and milled rice increased more when the same N fertilizer was applied two times splitly at transplanting and panicle initiation stage than when N fertilizer was applied one time at transplanting as basal N. N application with under 3 kg 10a-1 as only basal N was recommended at the paddy field with previous upland condition to obtain high quality rice without lodging.