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중국의 부정부패 문제점 및 경제적 손실에 대한 평가와 시사점
김욱,이혁구 한중사회과학학회 2013 한중사회과학연구 Vol.11 No.2
對中國的反腐敗問題及其經濟損失的評價與啓示金旭?李火求中國經濟從1978年改革開放30多年來取得飛速發展,但其反腐敗問題從過去到現在也壹直成爲絆?石,乃至可影響到其今後經濟增速問題。本論文硏究目的在于,首先、韓國學術界對此主題的硏究?有空白點問題需要?釋;其次,中國腐敗問題從2000年由中國部分學者們才開始關注硏究,?有?多欠缺部分,有必要進壹步深入了解現狀;再次,反腐敗問題涉及中國政治、經濟、社會各個領域,也是中國的習近平新政府重要課題之壹。最後,中國的腐敗問題也涉及中國經濟可持續發展問題,這對于倚重于中國經濟較大影響的韓國經濟而言也需要關注的。本論文試圖從經濟史的角度來1978年到2012年爲止的中國反腐敗的曆史分成爲5個階段。?,期初階段、擴張階段、蔓延階段、政府構築預防體系及全面應對階段等。根據楊燦明?趙福軍(2004)方法,統計測算了各個階段腐敗規模占國內生産總?的比重,發現在第三階段(蔓延階段)的平均占比爲0.82‰最高,而第五階段爲0.17‰最低,顯示與經濟發展規模相比腐敗現象有所收斂。本論也采用了國際通用的?廉指數(CPI)的方法來判斷了各個階段的中國的腐敗現象水平範疇。從1978-2011年的?廉指數(CPI)的變化趨勢來看,發現中國從改革開放初期是相對?廉國家水平,但進入1990年代中期以後,由于社會腐敗蔓延現象猖獗,演變爲相對腐敗的國家範疇,現在仍沒有擺脫這種範疇水平。本文也較詳細介紹了在各個發展階段中國政府的反腐敗的政策?措。但也發現中國在改革開放到今天壹直采取了政府主導型發展策略,也有過粗放型管理方式失誤而導致腐敗問題沒有得到有效改善問題。如,産生了到海外隱匿財産新型腐敗問題的發生等。對此,中國政府也參與了國際性公約,改善了壹些外部環境得到壹定成效。但過去中國的腐敗問題?導致了巨額的經濟損失,造成?大社會壓力,對于當前新的習近平政府而言任重而道遠。因此,需要中國政府不斷要改進和有關完善法律和各項規章制度等進行政策性應對。由于資料有限,本論文中沒能把中國的腐敗所造成損失部分進行更爲精確的計量測量分析,這有待于在後續硏究中繼續?掘。
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김욱한,손광희,복성해,오세균 한국산업미생물학회 1992 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.20 No.5
효소탈묵용 cellulase와 xylanase 생산을 위한 조건을 조사한 결과 배지초기 pH, Tween 80, 포자접종량, 질소원의 종류 및 탄소원의 종류에 따라 효소 생산량이 크게 변하였다. Cellulase 생산을 위한 최적조건으로는 pH 5.O∼6.5, Tween 80 0.02%, 포자현탄액(1×10^7㎖) 접종량 0.5∼l.0%, 질소원으로 면실박, 탄소원으로 옥분을 사용하였을 때 가장 효과적이었다. 또한, xylanase 생산을 위한 최적조건으로는 pH 6.5, Tween 80 0.Ol%, 질소원으로 corn steep liquor, 탄소원으로는 신문고지를 사용하였을 때 효과적이었으며, 이때 포자현탁액의 접종량은 cellulase 생산의 경우와 동일하였다. 한편, cellulase와 xylanase의 동시생산을 위해서는 플라스크 규모에서 질소원으로 면실박 0.5%, 탄소원으로 신문고지 1.0%와 옥분 2.0%를 첨가하였을 때 효과적이었으며, 이때 생산된 배양액의 cellulase의 활성은 6.11∼7.22IU/㎖, xylanase의 활성은 97.7IU/㎖이었다. 그러나 fermentor 규모에서는 동일 배지조성에서 효소생산이 다소 감소하였으며, 특히 xylanase 경우 배양액의 효소활성이 낮아서 이에 대한 보완이 요구된다. The optimal conditions for cellulase and xylanase production by Trichoderma reesei 28217 were studied for enzymatic deinking of old newspaper. The amounts of cellulase and xylanase from the strain was varied by initial medium pH, Tween 80, inoculum size of spore suspension, and carbon and nitrogen sources. The optimal conditions for cellulase production were pH 5.O∼6.5, 0.02% of Tween 80, 0.5∼1.O% of inoculum size of spore suspension (1×10^7/㎖), cotton-seed meal as nitrogen source, and corn flour as carbon source. On the other hand, the optimal conditions for xylanase production were pH 6.5, 0.01% of Tween 80, corn steep liquor as nitrogen source, and disintegrated old newspaper as carbon source. The inoculum size for xylanase production was the same as for cellulase production. The concomitant production of cellulase and xylanase in shake flask culture was efficiently induced in the medium containing 0.5% cottonseed meal as nitrogen source and 1.O% old newspaper and 2.O% corn flour as carbon sources. In this case the activities of cellulase and xylanase produced were 6.11∼7.22 IU/㎖ and 97.7 IU/㎖, respectively. However, the cellulase production in 5ℓ fermentor scale was slightly decreased compared with that in flask scale. Moreover, xylanase production was severely reduced in a fermentor scale. The study for the reason of decreased enzyme production in fermentor is further needed.
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원자력발전소(原子力發電所) 가동중(稼動中) 검사(檢査)의 시험분석(試驗分析)을 위한 자동화연구(自動化硏究) (I)
김욱,Kim, W. 한국비파괴검사학회 1985 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.5 No.1
The developing country, KOREA where does not possess the natural resources for traditional energy such as oil and gas, so. The nuclear energy is the most single reliable source available for closing the energy gap. For these reason, It is inavoidable to construct the nuclear power plant and to develop technology related nuclear energy. The rate of operation in large nuclear power facilities depends upon the performance of work system through design and construction, and also the applied technology. Especially, it is the most important element that safety and reliability in operation of nuclear power plant. In view of this aspects, Nuclear power plant is performed severe examinations during preservice and inservice inspection. This study provide an automation of analysis for volumetric examination which is required to nuclear power plant components. It is composed as follows: I. Introduction II. Inservice Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant ${\ast}$ General Requirement. ${\ast}$ Principle and Methods of Ultrasonic Test. ${\ast}$ Study of Flaw Evaluation and Design of Classifying Formula for Flaws. III. Design of Automation for Flaw Evaluation. IV. An Example V. Conclusion In this theory, It is classifying the flaws, the formula of classifying flaws and the design of automation that is the main important point. As motioned the above, Owing to such as automatic design, more time could be allocated to practical test than that of evaluation of defects, Protecting against subjective bias tester by himself and miscalculation by dint of various process of computation. For the more, adopting this method would be used to more retaining for many test data and comparative evaluating during successive inspection intervals. Inspite of limitation for testing method and required application to test components, it provide useful application to flow evaluation for volumetric examination. Owing to the characteristics of nuclear power plant that is highly skill intensive industry and has huze system, the more notice should be concentrated as follows. Establishing rational operation plan, developing various technology, and making the newly designed system for undeveloped sector.
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초파리 인공 집단에 있어서 동위효소간 및 동위효소 - 역위간의 연관 평형에 관한 연구
김욱,성기창 한국유전학회 1990 Genes & Genomics Vol.12 No.2
The genetic behavior of polymorphic α-Gpd, Adh and In(2L)t in the artificial populations of Drosophila melanogaster have been examined. The allelic frequency of α-Gpd^f approached an equilibrium, after 20 generations, converging toward the lower rates than that of initial value, and was lower in the populations of homogeneous genetic background than that of heterogeneous background. The results seemed to suggest that α-Gpd might be influenced by some forms of selection, such as Homo-Hetero selection under the effect of genetic background. The Adh^f allele frequencies converged to frequencies very similar to the frequencies in the base populations. It might be interpreted as the results of some kind of balancing selection in laboratory conditions. The In(2L)t was more rapidly eliminated in the homogeneous genetic populations than that of heterogeneous genetic populations. These results suggested that inversion in the polymorphic populations could be better maintained than that of homogeneous populations. The linkage disequilibrium between the two loci, α-Gpd and Adh, appeared to be due to the hitchhiking with In(2L)t. Therefore, recombination rather than epistatic interaction between α-Gpd and Adh appeared to influence the linkage between these two loci.
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