The mediterranean diet’s effect on stroke risk

Zain Qureshi(Zain Qureshi ),Dolores Becker(Dolores Becker ),Umar Farooq(Umar Farooq ) 한국축산식품학회 2022 Food and Life Vol.2022 No.2

The Mediterranean diet has been growing in popularity as preventive medicine has made way in the healthcare community. Doctors are telling patients to adopt this diet due to its role in lowering stroke rates and other cardiovascular diseases in both Italy and Greece. These two countries have some of the lowest stroke numbers in the world, and experts believe this is the result of the diet and lifestyle of the people of that region. The diet includes foods such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, fish, and olive oil, along with less cholesterol, saturated fats, and trans fats. These specific foods and combinations of foods include properties that can prevent high blood pressure. We will explore the capabilities of the Mediterranean diet in preventing stroke, and the importance of preventive medicine in healthcare.

Higher adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet is associated with reduced psychosocial stress levels in baby boomers: a cross-sectional study

Jang Eun-Hee,Jung Ranmi,Lee Seungmin 한국영양학회 2024 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.18 No.2

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study investigated the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet among Korean baby boomers and their levels of psychosocial stress. SUBJECTS/METHODS The study included 1,656 adults (889 men and 797 women) born between 1955 and 1963 who participated in the 2005–2006 survey of the community-based Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). The Mediterranean-type diet score (MTDS) was calculated from the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ) data. The psychosocial stress levels were calculated using the psychosocial well-being index-short form (PWI-SF). Logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the association between the MTDS (tertiles) and the prevalence of high psychosocial stress by gender. RESULTS The ranges of the MTDS tertile groups were T1 (20–33 points), T2 (34–37 points), and T3 (38–39 points) for men, T1 (20–33 points), T2 (34–37 points), and T3 (38–48 points) for women. In both men and women, the consumption of whole grains, potatoes, fruits, vegetables, legumes, and fish increased with higher MTDS, while the consumption of red meat and dairy products decreased (P for trend < 0.05). As MTDS score increased the intake of energy, fiber, vitamins, and minerals (P for trend < 0.05). Men in the highest MTDS tertile had a 41% lower odds ratio (OR) of high psychosocial stress compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR, 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38–0.91). Similarly, women in the highest tertile of the MTDS had a 39% lower OR of high psychosocial stress compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40–0.95). CONCLUSION Promoting adherence to the Mediterranean diet among baby boomers may have a positive impact on reducing their levels of psychosocial stress. BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study investigated the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet among Korean baby boomers and their levels of psychosocial stress. SUBJECTS/METHODS The study included 1,656 adults (889 men and 797 women) born between 1955 and 1963 who participated in the 2005–2006 survey of the community-based Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). The Mediterranean-type diet score (MTDS) was calculated from the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ) data. The psychosocial stress levels were calculated using the psychosocial well-being index-short form (PWI-SF). Logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the association between the MTDS (tertiles) and the prevalence of high psychosocial stress by gender. RESULTS The ranges of the MTDS tertile groups were T1 (20–33 points), T2 (34–37 points), and T3 (38–39 points) for men, T1 (20–33 points), T2 (34–37 points), and T3 (38–48 points) for women. In both men and women, the consumption of whole grains, potatoes, fruits, vegetables, legumes, and fish increased with higher MTDS, while the consumption of red meat and dairy products decreased (P for trend < 0.05). As MTDS score increased the intake of energy, fiber, vitamins, and minerals (P for trend < 0.05). Men in the highest MTDS tertile had a 41% lower odds ratio (OR) of high psychosocial stress compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR, 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38–0.91). Similarly, women in the highest tertile of the MTDS had a 39% lower OR of high psychosocial stress compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40–0.95). CONCLUSION Promoting adherence to the Mediterranean diet among baby boomers may have a positive impact on reducing their levels of psychosocial stress.

치매위험노인의 한국형 지중해식 식단의 적용 및 중재평가

정은희,김은지,홍창형,문소영,박희경,정지향,나해리,최성혜,박유경 대한영양사협회 2019 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.25 No.4

The purpose of this study was to verify whether Mediterranean diet, which proved to have a significant effect on preventing dementia for people aged 65 or older, could be well modified to be a Korean-style Mediterranean diet. This study was performed as a randomized-controlled trial for 6 weeks. Functional physical changes, cognitive scores, depression scores and dietary changes were all assessed. The walking speed (P<0.001) and the cognitive scores were statistically improved in only the experimental group (P<0.001), and the depression scores were also significantly improved in only the experimental group (P<0.01). The dietary intake showed a 30% improvement for consuming more than 7 cups per day of vegetables and fruits. When the participants were contacted four months after the end of the study, 90% of them said that the Korean-style Mediterranean diet was feasible and 100% said the nutrition interventions helped them maintain the diet during their daily lives. The results suggest that although the Mediterranean diet can be difficult to apply, any limitations of this healthy diet can be overcome.

Effect of a Mediterranean-style diet on the exercise performance and lactate elimination on adolescent athletes

Helvacı Gizem,Uçar Aslı,Çelebi Mehmet Mesut,Çetinkaya Haydar,Gündüz Ayşe Zülal 한국영양학회 2023 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.17 No.4

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Mediterranean diet is an environmentally friendly and healthy diet model. The diet offers many vegetables, fruits, nuts, and olive oil to consumers. In addition, it provides moderate amounts of fish and chicken, smaller quantities of dair y products, red meat, and processed meat. The Mediterranean diet has a high anti- inflammator y and antioxidant content, and it causes many physiological changes that can provide a physical performance advantage. This study examined the effects of a 15-day menu, which was planned using foods with a low acid load within the Mediterranean diet rules, on the exercise performance, lactate elimination, anthropometric measurements, and body composition. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Fifteen professional male athletes between the ages of 13 and 18, who were engaged in ski running, were included in the experimental study. Dietar y inter vention was applied for 15 days. The athlete performances were evaluated by applying the vertical jump test, hand grip strength, 20 meters shuttle run test, and Borg fatigue scale. After the shuttle run test (ever y 3 min for 30 min), blood was drawn from the finger, and the lactate elimination time was calculated. Performance and lactate measurements, body analysis, and anthropometric measurements were taken before and after dietar y inter vention. RESULTS: The vertical jump height and hand grip strength increased after the inter vention (P < 0.05). The test duration, total distance, the number of shuttles, and maximum oxygen consumption parameters of the shuttle run test increased (P < 0.05). After the inter vention, the athletes’ perceived fatigue scores decreased in several stages of the shuttle run test (P < 0.05). The lactate elimination time and athlete’s body composition were similar in repeated measurements (P > 0.05). In the last measurements, the upper middle arm circumference decreased while the height of the athletes increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that the Mediterranean diet is a safe and feasible dietar y approach for aerobic performance and strength increase.

The Effect of the Spanish Ketogenic Mediterranean Diet on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Pilot Study

Joaquín Pérez-Guisado,Andrés Muñoz-Serrano 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.7

The “Spanish Ketogenic Mediterranean Diet” (SKMD) has been shown to be an effective and safe way to cure patients suffering from metabolic syndrome (MS). Keeping in mind that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with MS, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential therapeutic properties under free living conditions of the SKMD in patients with MS (following the International Diabetes Federation [IDF] consensus guidelines) and NAFLD (suspected by using a cutoff value of alanine aminotransferase [ALT] levels of >40 U/L and confirmed by abdominal ultrasonography) over a 12-week period. A prospective study was carried out in 14 obese men meeting the inclusion criteria and whose body mass index (BMI) and age were 36.58±0.54 kg/㎡ and 41.18±2.28 years, respectively. Statistical differences between the parameters studied before and after administration of the SKMD (week 0 and 12) were analyzed by paired Student's t test (continuous variables) and the χ² test (discontinuous variables). P<.05 was considered statistically significant. There was an extremely significant (P<.001) improvement in body weight (from 109.79 kg to 95.86 kg), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (from 123.43 mg/dL to 100.35 mg/dL), ALT (from 71.92 U/L to 37.07 U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (from 47.71 U/L to 29.57 U/L), steatosis degree (complete fatty liver regression was observed in 21.4% of the patients, and an overall reduction was found in 92.86% of the patients), and all the parameters studied associated with the MS: BMI (from 36.99 kg/㎡ to 32.42 kg/㎡), waist circumference (from 114.01 cm to 98.59 cm), fasting plasma glucose (from 118.57 mg/dL to 90.14 mg/dL), triacylglycerols (from 232.64 mg/dL to 111.21 mg/dL), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLc) (from 42.81 mg/dL to 58.71 mg/dL), systolic blood pressure (from 142.86 mm Hg to 125.36 mm Hg), and diastolic blood pressure (from 89.64 mm Hg to 77.86 mm Hg). After the diet all the subjects were free of MS according to the IDF definition, and 100% of them had normal triacylglycerols and HDLc levels, in spite of the fact that 100% of them still had a BMI of >30 kg/㎡. We conclude that the SKMD could be an effective and safe way to treat patients suffering from MS and the associated NAFLD.

Relationship between Obesity and Korean and Mediterranean Dietary Patterns: A Review of the Literature

최은희,김성아,정효지 대한비만학회 2019 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.28 No.1

Obesity is a well-known risk factor for various chronic diseases. Among the various risk factors for obesity, diet is one of the most modifiable. This study aimed to review current research on the association between obesity and the Korean diet compared with the Mediterranean diet. An electronic literature search was conducted using Medline and Embase. Totals of 10 and 17 studies were included in this review for the Korean dietary pattern (KDP) and the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP), respectively. These studies mainly applied factor analysis for the KDP and index analysis for the MDP. Only one of 10 KDP articles reported a significant inverse association with obesity, while most MDP studies showed a preventive association with obesity. There are a limited number of KDP studies compared with MDP studies, and the methods of deriving the dietary patterns are different between the KDP and MDP. To produce more conclusive evidence on the association between the KDP and obesity, well-designed and controlled trials or large prospective cohort studies are needed.

A Pilot Study of the Spanish Ketogenic Mediterranean Diet: An Effective Therapy for the Metabolic Syndrome

Joaquín Pérez-Guisado,Andrés Muñoz-Serrano 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.7

The “Spanish Ketogenic Mediterranean Diet” (SKMD) has been shown to promote potential therapeutic properties for the metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential therapeutic properties under free-living conditions of the SKMD in patients with metabolic syndrome (following the International Diabetes Federation consensus guidelines) over a 12-week period. A prospective study was carried out in 22 obese subjects with metabolic syndrome (12 men and 10 women) with the inclusion criteria whose body mass index of 36.58 ± 0.54 kg/㎡ and age was 41.18 ± 2.28 years. Statistical differences between the parameters studied before and after the administration of the SKMD (week 0 and 12, respectively) were analyzed by paired Student's t test. There was an extremely significant (P < .001) improvement in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (from 126.25 mg/dL to 103.87 mg/dL) and all the parameters studied associated with metabolic syndrome: body weight (from 106.41 kg to 91.95 kg), body mass index (from 36.58 kg/㎡ to 31.69 kg/㎡), waist circumference (from 111.97 cm to 94.70 cm), fasting plasma glucose (from 118.81 mg/dL to 91.86 mg/dL), triacylglycerols (from 224.86 mg/dL to 109.59 mg/dL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (from 44.44 to 57.95 mg/dL), systolic blood pressure (from 141.59 mm Hg to 123.64 mm Hg), and diastolic blood pressure (from 89.09 mm Hg to 76.36 mm Hg). The most affected parameter was the triacylglycerols (51.26% reduction). After the diet all the subjects were free of metabolic syndrome according to the International Diabetes Federation definition, and 100% of them had normal triacylglycerols and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, in spite of the fact that 77.27% of them still had a body mass index of >30 kg/㎡. We conclude that the SKMD could be an effective and safe way to cure patients suffering from metabolic syndrome. Future research should include a larger sample size, a longer-term use, and a comparison with other ketogenic diets.

MIND 식단교육을 이용한 치매예방 영양프로그램이 고위험 치매노인의 인지기능 변화에 미치는 영향

송재은 ( Jaeeun Song ),최성혜 ( Seong Hye Choi ),홍창형 ( Chang Hyung Hong ),정지향 ( Jee Hyang Jeong ),문소영 ( So Young Moon ),나해리 ( Hae Ri Na ),박희경 ( Hee Kyung Park ),박유경 ( Yoo Kyoung Park ) 대한영양사협회 2021 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.27 No.4

This study examined the effect of the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet of the Korean multi-domain dementia prevention program on the cognitive functions of the elderly with dementia risk factors. We developed the program including nutrition, exercise, cognitive training, vascular disease prevention, and motivation. One- hundred and fifty-three participants aged 60∼79 years with at least 1 dementia risk factor were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to the facility-based intervention (FMI), home-based intervention (HMI), and the control group. The nutrition education program consisted of 10 classes over 24 weeks: the FMI received 7 group sessions and three 1:1 sessions, the HMI received 4 group sessions and three 1:1 sessions with 3 homework sessions. The Nutrition Quotient for Elderly (NQ-E) and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) were used to evaluate nutritional status. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), and the Cognitive Complaint Interview (CCI) were used to evaluate cognitive functions. A total of 136 people completed the program with an 11.1% dropout rate. The NQ-E (P=0.009) and RBANS (P=0.001) scores significantly increased in the FMI (N=45) and HMI (N=49) groups compared to the control group (N=42) after the study. The changes in the score of MNA and CCI did not differ significantly between groups. In conclusion, the nutritional intervention which focused on the MIND diet as a part of a multi-domain intervention program had a positive effect on the improvement of healthy eating habits and cognitive function scores in the high-risk dementia group.

Nutritional Quality of Legumes, and Their Role in Cardiometabolic Risk Prevention: A Review

Malika Bouchenak,Myriem Lamri-Senhadji 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.3

Legumes (including alfalfa, clover, lupins, green beans and peas, peanuts, soybeans, dry beans, broad beans, dry peas, chickpeas, and lentils) represent an important component of the human diet in several areas of the world, especially in the developing countries, where they complement the lack of proteins from cereals, roots, and tubers. In some regions of the world, legume seeds are the only protein supply in the diet. The health benefits of legume consumption have received rising interest from researchers, and their consumption and production extends worldwide. Among European countries, higher legume consumption is observed around the Mediterranean, with per capita daily consumption between 8 and 23 g, while in Northern Europe, the daily consumption is less than 5 g per capita. The physiological effects of different legumes vary significantly. These differences may result from the polysaccharides composition, in particular, the quantity and variety of dietary fibers and starch, protein make-up, and variability in phytochemical content. The majority of legumes contain phytochemicals: bioactive compounds, including enzyme inhibitors, phytohemagglutinins (lectins), phytoestrogens, oligosaccharides, saponins, and phenolic compounds, which play metabolic roles in humans who frequently consume these foods. Dietary intake of phytochemicals may provide health benefits, protecting against numerous diseases or disorders, such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and inflammation. The synergistic or antagonistic effects of these phytochemical mixtures from food legumes, their interaction with other components of the diet, and the mechanism of their action have remained a challenge with regard to understanding the role of phytochemicals in health and diseases. Their mitigating effects and the mechanism of their action need to be further addressed if we are to understand the role of phytochemicals in health and diseases. This review provides an overview of the nutritional quality of legumes and their potential contribution in cardiometabolic risk prevention.

혼합비율을 달리한 올리브, 포도, 무화과의 생리활성 평가

이찬휘,이소영,김애정 한국피부과학연구원 2024 아시안뷰티화장품학술지 Vol.22 No.1

목적: 본 연구는 지중해식 식단에서 건강 식재료로 알려진 올리브, 포도, 무화과의 혼합물 4종의 품질 (항산화 활성, 효소 활성)을 평가가 하는 것이다. 방법: 올리브와 포도 1:1 비율 [올리브(O) 30 g과 포도(V) 30 g], 올리브와 무화과 1:1 비율 [올리브(O) 30 g과 무화과(F) 30 g], 포도와 무화과 1:1 비율 [포도(V) 30 g과 무화과(F) 30 g], 올리브, 포도와 무화과 1:1:1 비율 [올리브(O) 20 g과 포도(V) 20 g과 무화과(F) 20 g]로 4종류의 혼합물을 만들었다. 혼합 비율을 달리한 4종의 혼합물의 항산화 활성(total polyphenol 함량, total flavonoid 함량, DPPH radical 소거능, ABTS radical 소거능)과 효소 활성 (α-glucosidase 저해 활성, ACE 저해 활성)을 측정하였다. 결과: 혼합비율을 달리한 4종 혼합물의 total polyphenol 함량은 OVF (26.25±0.20 mg TAE/g)가 가장 높은 수치를 보였다. Total flavonoid 함량은 OVF (27.91±2.14 mg QE/g)에서 가장 높게 나타났다. DPPH radical 소거능은 OVF (98.72±0.38%)에서 가장 높게 나타났다. ABTS radical 소거능 측정 결과, OVF (42.88±1.19%)가 가장 높게 나타났다. α-Glucosidase 저해 활성(79.75±0.15%)과 ACE 저해 활성(88.61±0.08%) 모두 OVF에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구에서는 올리브, 포도, 무화과 혼합물 (1:1:1)의 생리활성(항산화 활성, 효소 활성)이 가장 높게 나타났으므로 대사증후군에 도움이 될 것이라 사료되고, 차후 이 비율의 혼합물을 이용한 제품개발을 기대한다. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidation and enzymatic activity-related qualities of four mixtures prepared with different mixing ratios of olives (O), grapes (V), and figs (F), which are representative ingredients of the Mediterranean diet. Methods: Following mixtures were prepared: olives–figs (OF), grapes–figs (VF), and olives–grapes–figs (OVF). For mixture preparation, the ingredients were mixed in following ratios: olives-to-grapes, olives-to-figs, and grapes-to-figs at ratios of 1:1 (30 g of each) as well as olives-to-grapes-to-figs at a ratio of 1:1:1 (20 g of each). The antioxidant (total polyphenol and flavonoid contents along with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) [ABTS] radical scavenging) and enzymatic (α-glucosidase inhibitory and angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitory) activities of the four aforementioned mixtures were measured. Results: OV and OVF mixtures showed the highest total polyphenol (27.25±0.22 mg TAE/g) and flavonoid contents (27.9 ± 2.14 mg QE/g), respectively. DPPH radical scavenging ability was highest in OV (92.86 ± 0.17%). The highest ABTS radical scavenging activity was registered in the OVF mixture (42.88±1.19%). α-glucosidase and ACE inhibitory activity measurements were highest in the OVF mixture (79.75±0.15% and 88.61±0.08%, respectively). Conclusion: Highest physiological activity levels (i.e., anti-oxidation and enzymatic activity) were observed in the olive, grape, and fig (1:1:1) mixture, hence, its regular consumption could improve metabolic syndrome.