The Efficacy of Cervical Pedicle Screw Is Enhanced When Used With 5.5-mm Rods for Metastatic Cervical Spinal Tumor Surgery

박단비,이상협,이수범,박제민,양현규,김종만,박진훈 대한척추신경외과학회 2024 Neurospine Vol.21 No.1

Objective: The cervical spine presents challenges in treating metastatic cervical spinal tumors (MCSTs). Although the efficacy of cervical pedicle screw placement (CPS) has been well established, its use in combination with 5.5-mm rods for MCST has not been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of CPS combined with 5.5-mm rods in treating MCST and compare it with that of CPS combined with traditional 3.5-mm rods. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 58 patients with MCST who underwent posterior cervical spinal fusion surgery by a single surgeon between March 2012 and December 2022. Data included demographics, surgical details, imaging results, numerical rating scale score for neck pain, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, and Spine Oncology Study Group Outcomes Questionnaire responses. Results: Preoperative Spinal Instability Neoplastic Scores were significantly higher in the 5.5-mm rod group. Greater kyphotic changes in the index vertebra were observed in the 3.5-mm rod group. Neck pain reduction was significantly better in the 5.5-mm rod group. Conclusion: CPS with 5.5-mm rods provides superior biomechanical stability and effectively resists forward bending momentum in posterior MCST fusion surgery. These findings support the use of 5.5-mm rods to enhance surgical outcomes.

AL7075-T651 표적에 대한 7.62 mm AP탄과 5.45 mm AP탄의 관통 특성 수치 해석

신주경(Ju Gyeong Shin),박강(Kang Park),김건인(Gun In Kim) (사)한국CDE학회 2017 한국CDE학회 논문집 Vol.22 No.3

The penetration analysis of the 7.62 mm bullet which is a standard bullet in NATO has been widely studied. However, the 5.45 mm bullet of the Warsaw Treaty Organization alloy has not yet. In this paper, we analyzed the penetration characteristics of an unknown bullet, 5.45 mm AP, in numerical analysis, and suggested the possibility that numerical analysis can be used as an alternative to the experimental and penetration equation. At first, we figure out the characteristics of the 2D and 3D analysis method to choose the method to analyze the 7.62 mm bullet’s penetration characteristics, and in that time, analysis results are compared with the experiment. Also, mesh size which makes better analysis result is obtained through the Mesh Size Test. Finally, the penetration characteristics of the 5.45 mm bullet are obtained by using numerical analysis without experiment. It is hard to find the 5.45 mm bullet experiment data, so the 7.62 mm bullet experiment data is used instead because it is normally used in many areas.

The additional tibial stem extension is not mandatory for the stability of 5 mm metal block augmented tibial prosthesis construct in primary total knee arthroplasty: 5-year minimum follow-up results

( Jae Joon Ryu ),( Yeong Hwan Kim ),( Choong Hyeok Choi ) 대한슬관절학회 2023 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.35 No.-

Purpose To determine whether additional stem extension for stability is necessary, we performed mid-term followup of patients who had been managed with 5-mm metal block augmentation for a tibial defect, where tibial prosthesis was fixed using bone cement without stem extension. Also, we evaluated clinical and radiologic results including survival rate of patients without stem extension. Methods We retrospectively analyzed patients with tibial bone defect, had undergone primary total knee arthroplasty, and had been treated with 5-mm metal block augmentation without stem extension between March 2003 and September 2013. Among 74 patients (80 cases), 47 patients (52 cases) were followed up for at least 5 years. Results Mean flexion contracture improved from 8.8° (0-40°) preoperatively to 0.4° (-5° to 15°) at final follow-up (P < 0.01), but there was no significant change in the mean angle of great flexion: 124.6° (75-150°) preoperatively and 126.2° (90-145°) at final follow-up (P = 0.488). Mean range of motion improved from 115.8° (35-150°) preoperatively to 125.5° (90-145°) at final follow-up (P < 0.01). Mean knee score improved from 38.7 points (0-66 points) preoperatively to 93.2 points (79-100 points) at final follow-up (P < 0.01), and mean functional score also improved from 50.4 points (10-70 points) preoperatively to 81.8 points (15-100 points) at final follow-up (P < 0.01). The mean postoperative Western Ontario and McMaster University osteoarthritis score was 19.5 points (0-66.0 points). The mean femorotibial angle was corrected from 9.0° varus (23.0° varus-6.3° valgus) preoperatively to 5.5° valgus (2.2° varus-11.1° valgus) at final follow-up (P < 0.01). There was no change in the mean β-angle, which was 90.7° (87.2-94.9°) immediately postoperative and 90.8° (87.2-94.9°) at final follow-up (P = 0.748) and in the mean δ-angle, which was 86.2° (81.3-90.0°) immediately postoperative and 87.2° (83.1-96.5°) at final follow-up (P = 0.272). Radiolucent lines (RLL) were observed in ten cases (26.3%), and the mean RLL scores at final follow-up were 0.34 points (0-3 points) in the anteroposterior view and 0.42 points (0-6 points) in the lateral view. Scores for the RLL were ≤ 4 points in 36 cases, 5-9 points in two cases. Revision surgery due to aseptic loosening (three cases) is rarely required, and the Kaplan-Meier survival rate at 10 postoperative years was 96.4% Conclusion When performing 5-mm metal block augmentation for a proximal tibial defect, no additional tibial stem extension can be a good surgical option for the stability of tibial prosthetic construct and mid-term clinical and radiologic results. Level of evidence IV.

3mm와 3.5mm PTFF graft를 이용한 변형 B-T 단락술의 임상적 분석

정성호,윤태진,임한중,민경석,서동만,윤소영,김영휘,고재곤,박인숙 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 2000 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.33 No.9

Background: Modified Blalock-Taussig shunt using 3mm or 3.5mm PTFE graft has been performed in patients with small body weight or in candidates for single ventricle palliation. However, there are few reports concerning clinical outcomes in terms of pulmonary artery growth and shunt patency rate after shunt operations using such a small graft. Material and Method: Twenty-five patients rate after shunt operations using 3 or 3.5 mm sized grafts from September 1996 to August 1999. We retrospectively assessed the pulmonary artery growth and the shunt patency rate by reviewing the pre-and post-operative pulmonary angiograms. The risk factors for late death and second shunt operations were also analyzed. To assess the presence of any correlation between body weight and selection of the graft size, regression analysis was done in 81 cases of shunt operations performed during the same period. Result: There were 1(4%) early death and 5(20%) late deaths. The survivors were followed up for an average of 7.34 months. The pulmonary artery index increased significantly from 129$\pm$66$\textrm{mm}^2$/$m^2$ to 213$\pm$114 $\textrm{mm}^2$/$m^2$(p=0.002). The shunt patency rate assessed at postoperative 2, 4, 6 and 8 months were 82.5%, 77%, 73% and 42% respectively with a marked decline between 6 and 8 months. Asplenia was a frequent finding for the patients with late death although the incidence failed to reach statistical significance(p=0.078). Pre-operative diagnosis of PA with VSD was found to be a statistically significant risk factor for a second shunt operation(p=0.01). Body weight(a) at operation and graft size(b) used in the shunt operations revealed strong correlation and could be expressed by the following formula; b=0.128a + 3.233. Conclusion: Adequate growth of pulmonary artery and satisfactory early patency rate could be obtained by modified Blalock-Taussing shunt using 3mm or 3.5mm graft. However, during 6 to 8 months after shunt operations, the patency rate fell sharply, which implicates that close observation and early intervention are mandatory in this period.

고해상도 바람지도 구축 시스템에 관한 연구

이화운(Lee, Hwa-Woon),김동혁(Kim, Dong-Hyeuk),김민정(Kim, Min-Jung),이순환(Lee, Soon-Hwan),박순영(Park, Soon-Young),김현구(Kim, Hyun-Goo) 한국신재생에너지학회 2008 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

To evaluate high-resolution wind resources for local and coastal area with complex terrain was attemped to combine the prognostic MM5 mesoscale model with CALMET diagnostic modeling this study. Firstly, MM5 was simulated for 1km resolution, nested fine domain, with FDDA using QuikSCAT seawinds data was employed to improve initial meteorological fields. Wind field and other meteorological variables from MM5 with all vertical levels used as initial guess field for CALMET. And 5 surface and 1 radio sonde observation data is performed objective analysis whole domain cells. Initial and boundary condition are given by 3 hourly RDAPS data of KMA in prognostic MM5 simulation. Geophysical data was used high-resolution terrain elevation and land cover(30 seconds) data from USGS with MM5 simulation. On the other hand SRTM 90m resolution and EGIS 30m landuse was adopted for CALMET diagnostic simulation. The simulation was performed on whole year for 2007. Vertical wind field a hour from CALMET and latest results of MM5 simulation was comparison with wind profiler(KEOP-2007 campaign) data at HAENAM site.

국지규모 지형영향을 고려하기 위한 MM5-A2C 결합모델링특성 분석

최현정,이순환,김학성 한국지구과학회 2015 한국지구과학회지 Vol.36 No.3

The terrain features and surface characteristics are the most important elements not only in meteorological modeling but also in air quality modeling. The diurnal evolution of local climate over complex terrain may be significantly controlled by the ground irregularities. Such topographic features can affect a thermally driven flow, either directly by causing changes in the wind direction or indirectly, by inducing significant variations in the ground temperature. Over a complex terrain, these variations are due to the nonuniform distribution of solar radiation, which is highly determined by the ground geometrical characteristics, i.e. slope and orientation. Therefore, the accuracy of prediction of regional scale circulation is strong associated with the accuracy of land-use and topographic information in meso-scale circulation assessment. The objective of this work is a numerical simulation using MM5-A2C model with the detailed topography and land-use information as the surface boundary conditions of the air flow field in mountain regions. Meteorological conditions estimated by MM5-A2C command a great influence on the dispersion of mountain areas with the reasonable feature of topography where there is an important difference in orographic forcing. 지형적인 형태와 지표면의 물리적인 특성은 기상장 뿐 만 아니라 대기질 수치 모델링에서도 가장 중요한 입력 변수가 된다 . 대부분 복잡지형에서 일어나는 국지적인 기상의 일변동들이 지형적인 불균일성에 의해 지배되기도 한다 . 이러한 지형적인 특징들은 열적으로 유도된 대기흐름에 영향을 일으키며 직접적으로는 풍계의 변화를 가져오거나 지표 면 가열 온도 자체에서의 중요한 변화를 가져와 간접적으로 영향을 주기도 한다 . 복잡지형에서 이러한 변화양상들은 지 형적인 특징 즉 , 지형적 경사와 성질에 의한 태양복사 에너지의 불균등한 분배에 기인한다 . 그러므로 기상장 묘사가 어 려운 복잡지형에서는 관측값에 더 가까운 정확한 바람장을 예측하기 위해 상세한 지형 정보와 지표면 자료가 중요하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 상세한 지표면과 지형자료를 지표 경계자료로 활용한 MM5-A2C 모델을 이용하여 복잡한 지형적 조건을 가진 산지지역에서의 바람장 수치모의를 하고자 한다 . MM5-A2C 에 의해 유도된 기상장은 국지규모의 산지주변 에서의 지형강제력에 의한 기상장 해석을 정밀하게 예측하여 모델 내의 지형적 조건이 미치는 영향에 대해 직접적인 영향을 주고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

小型映画の混淆的文化から統制へ ―大正から昭和の関西圏を中心とする9ミリ半と16ミリ映画産業―

福島可奈子 동서대학교 일본연구센터 2019 次世代 人文社會硏究 Vol.15 No.-

In this paper, we analyze the industrial structure of small gauge film that is the pioneer of current home movies and home theater, the popularization from the Kansai area which played the leading role immediately after the Great Kanto Earthquake to the whole country and the process of decline. "Small gauge film" which is a movie with a format smaller than the standard size (35mm) for theater was mainly used for homes, schools and small gatherings. This time, I will take up the two major formats before World War II, 9.5 mm and 16 mm, and discuss them by comparing the sales form of both. 9.5 mm was popular as a home movie or an amateur movie of individual hobby, centering on "Pathé Baby" made in France. 16 mm started from the American "Kodascope" and established a position as school educational teaching material film from the home theater. Especially, we will clarify the rise and fall of small gauge film linked with the social situation from the end of Taisho to the early Showa which rapidly changed from Taisho democracy to militarism, against the background of the battle of two major newspaper companies: The Asahi Shimbun Company launched a new business connecting the Osaka Baby Cinema Club which was a 9.5 mm cinema club, the Osaka Mainichi Shimbun Company found a good way to school education projects with Fukada Shokai which had previously lent 16 mm to the private sector. 本稿では、現在のホーム・ムービーやホーム・シアターの先駆けとなった「小型映画」について、関東大震災直後に主導的役割を果たした関西圏から全国へと拡がりをみせる小型映画産業の普及から衰退までの経過とその構造を分析する。 「小型映画」とは、劇場公開用スタンダードサイズである35ミリフィルムより小さいフォーマットの映画のことで、おもに家庭や学校、小集会用として使用された。今回は、その中でも戦前の二大フォーマットである9ミリ半と16ミリを取り上げるが、前者はフランス製「パテ・ベビー」を中心にホーム・ムービーや個人趣味的なアマチュア映画として人気を博し、後者はアメリカ製「コダスコープ」を発端にホーム・シアターから学校教育的な教材映画として地位を不動のものにしており、その両者の販売形態を比較しつつ論じていく。特に、大正デモクラシーから軍国主義へと急速に変化していく大正末から昭和初期にかけて、9ミリ半の同好会である大阪ベビー・キネマ・クラブと映画界とを結ぶ新規事業を展開した朝日新聞社と、民間向けに16ミリ映画の貸出をおこなっていた深田商会と組んで学校教育事業に活路を見出した大阪毎日新聞社との攻防を背景に、社会情勢と連動した小型映画の栄枯盛衰を明らかにする。

FK Koflux 관측지에서의 지역 규모 열 플럭스의 추정: 타워 관측에서 MM5 중규모 모형까지

홍진규 ( Hong Jin Gyu ),이희춘 ( Lee Hui Chun ),김준 ( Kim Jun ),김백조 ( Kim Baeg Jo ),조천호 ( Cho Chun Ho ),이성주 ( Lee Seong Ju ) 한국농림기상학회 2003 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.5 No.2

KoFlux는 생태계와 대기 사이에 교환되는 이산화탄소, 수증기 및 에너지에 대한 우리의 이해를 높이고, FLUXNET과 CEOP 등의 지역, 대륙 및 전구 규모의 관측망에 기여하기 위해서 시작되었다. 그러나 한반도의 지형적 특성 때문에 KoFlux의 대부분의 플럭스 타워는 관측에 이상적이지 못한 장소에 위치하고 있다. 탄소 및 에너지 교환의 정량화를 위해서 뿐만 아니라 군락 규모에서 지역 규모로 확장하기 위해서는 관측과 모델링을 병용한 다양한 접근 방법의 적용이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 지역 규모의 현열 플럭스를 추정하기 위해 타워 플럭스 관측, 대류 경계층(CBL) 수지 방법, MM5 중규모 모형, 그리고 NCAR/NCEP 재분석 자료의 네 가지의 방법을 사용하여 다양한 면적을 대표하는 현열 플럭스를 산출하여 비교하였다. 비록 제한된 짧은 기간의 자료를 사용하였으나, 예비 분석을 통하여 (1) 해남 농경지 플럭스 타워에서 관측된 현열 플럭스가 지표의 불균질성을 보였고, (2) CBL 수지 방법으로 얻어진 지역 규모의 현열 플럭스는 수평 이류 효과의 계산 방법에 따라 다른 결과를 보였으며, (3) MM5 중규모 모형은 타워 플럭스 관측 값과 아주 유사한 한열 값을 수치 모사하였다. 그러나 관측지의 불균질성과 두 방법이 대표하는 면적의 근본적인 차이를 고려할 때, 플럭스 발자국 분석, 지리정보 시스템 및 관측지의 위성 영상 분석에 근거한 타워 플럭스의 공간 대표성을 정량화하는 것이 시급한 것으로 나타났다. Korean regional network of tower flux sites, KoFlux, has been initiated to better understand CO,, water and energy exchange between ecosystems and the atmosphere, and to contribute to regional, continental, and global observation networks such as FLUXNET and CEOP. Due to heterogeneous surface characteristics, most of KoFlux towers are located in non-ideal sites. In order to quantify carbon and energy exchange and to scale them up from plot scales to a region scale, applications of various methods combining measurement and modeling are needed. In an attempt to infer regional-scale flux, four methods (i.e., tower flux, convective boundary layer (CBL) budget method, MM5 mesoscale model, and NCAR/ NCEP reanalysis data) were employed to estimate sensible heat flux representing different surface areas. Our preliminary results showed that (1) sensible heat flux from the tower in Haenam farmland revealed heterogeneous surface characteristics of the site; (2) sensible heat flux from CBL method was sensitive to the estimation of advection; and (3) MM5 mesoscale model produced regional fluxes that were comparable to tower fluxes. In view of the spatial heterogeneity of the site and inherent differences in spatial scale between the methods, however, the spatial representativeness of tower flux need to be quantified based on footprint climatology, geographic information system, and the patch scale analysis of satellite images of the study site.

부인과 내시경수술 후 배액관의 제거와 관련되어 발생한 5 mm 투관침 삽입 부위를 통한 소장탈장 2예

임희순 ( Hee Sun Im ),백종민 ( Jong Min Baek ),정인철 ( In Cheul Jeung ),박은경 ( Eun Kyung Park ),이해남 ( Hae Nam Lee ),이용석 ( Yong Seok Lee ) 대한산부인과학회 2009 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.52 No.1

After laparoscopic surgery, most cases of incisional hernia occur when a trocar greater than 10 mm is used and this rarely occurs when a 5 mm trocar is used. We recently experienced two cases of incisional herniation at a 5 mm port site in connection with withdrawal of the drain after laparoscopic procedure.

중규모 기상모델(MM5/KMA)과 3세대 파랑모델(WAVEWATCH-III)로 계산된 한반도 주변해역의 2002년 월평균 해상풍과 파랑 분포 특성

서장원,장유순 한국해양학회 2003 바다 Vol.8 No.3

We have analyzed the characteristics of the monthly mean sea surface winds and wind waves near the Korean marginal seas in the 2002 year on the basis of prediction results of the sea surface winds from MM5/KMA model, which is being used for the operation system at the Korea Meteorological Administration and the third generation wave model, WAVEWATCH-III. which takes the sea surface winds derived from MM5/KMA model as the initial data. Statistical comparisons have been applied with both the marine meteorological observation buoy and the TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite wave heights data to verify the model results. The correlation coefficients between the models and observation data reach up to about 60-80%, supporting that these models satisfactorily simulate the sea surface winds and wave heights even at the coastal regions except for Chilbal-Do located very close to the land. Based on these verification results, the distributions of monthly mean sea surface winds, significant wave heights, wave lengths and wave periods around the Korean marginal seas during 2002 year have been represented. 기상청에서 현업 예보용으로 사용되는 중규모 기상 모델(MM5/KMA)의 해상풍 예측 결과와 이를 입력 자료로 제 3세대 파랑 모델(WAVEWATCH-III)을 적용하여 2002년 1년 동안의 한반도 주변해역의 해상풍과 파랑 특성을 분석하였다. 모델 결과의 검증을 위해서 해양기상 관측 부이의 관측 자료와 TOPEX/POSEIDON위성의 유의 파고 자료를 이용한 통계 비교 분석을 실시하였다. 관측 값과 모델 결과 사이에 약 60-80%의 상관성을 나타내었고, 연안에 가장 근접해 위치한 칠발도의 풍향을 제외하면, 연안 지역까지의 해상풍과 파고를 본 모델에서 잘 재현하고 있다고 분석되었다. 위의 검증 결과를 토대로 2002년 한반도를 포함한 동아시아 해역의 월평균 해상풍 및 유의파고, 파장, 파주기의 분포도를 제시하였다.