표고버섯(Lentinula edodes) 및 표고버섯 신품종 이슬송이버섯(Lentinula edodes GNA01)의 이화학적 특성 및 항산화 활성 비교

장혜림(Hye-Lim Jang),이종헌(Jong-Hun Lee),황명진(Myung-Jin Hwang),최용민(Youngmin Choi),김행란(Haengran Kim),황진봉(Jinbong Hwang),남진식(Jin-Sik Nam) 한국식품영양과학회 2015 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.44 No.10

본 연구에서는 관련 연구가 미흡하고 널리 알려져 있지 않아 수요가 부족한 이슬송이버섯의 보급 확대 및 수요 창출을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 이슬송이버섯의 이화학적 특성 및 항산화 활성을 조사하였다. 이슬송이버섯은 중국 복건성 삼명진연구소 L26과 경원9015를 모균주로 하여 교배된 신품종 표고버섯으로 표고버섯과 달리 갓과 자루의 구별이 없는 구형을 띠고 있다. 이슬송이버섯의 일반성분을 분석한 결과 수분 및 조단백 함량은 표고버섯보다 낮았으나 조회분, 조지방, 조섬유 및 탄수화물 함량은 표고버섯보다 높았다. 이슬송이버섯의 베타카로틴 함량은 19.05 μg/100 g으로 표고버섯의 베타카로틴 함량보다 약 3배 높았으며, 비타민 D함량 또한 118.53 μg/100 g으로 표고버섯의 약 2배로 확인되었다. 주요 무기질은 K으로 측정되었으며, Mg 함량이 표고버섯의 약 2배로 측정되어 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 이슬송이버섯 및 표고버섯의 지방산 함량과 조성은 모두 불포화지방산이 대부분을 차지하였으며, 특히 linoleic acid가 가장 큰 비중을 차지하고 있었다. 이슬송이버섯의 총 페놀 함량은 표고버섯보다 낮았으며, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical 소거 활성과 ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP) 또한 모든 농도에서 표고버섯보다 낮았다. 그러나 이슬송이버섯은 10 mg/mL 농도에서 80% 이상의 DPPH radical 소거 활성을 보였으며, FRAP 또한 1에 가까운 환원력을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 이슬송이버섯은 비록 항산화 활성은 표고버섯에 비해 낮게 나타났으나 베타카로틴 및 비타민 D 함량은 표고버섯보다 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 이에 따라 항산화 활성을 높일 수 있는 방안에 대해 추후 연구가 이루어진다면 더욱 훌륭한 식품소재가될 것으로 판단된다. The new cultivar Lentinula edodes, which is named ‘Lentinula edodes GNA01’, was bred by mating strains isolated from ‘L26’ and ‘Kyoungwon9015’ obtained from Sammyungjin Research Institute, Fujian, China. L. edodes GNA01 does not have stipes like L. edodes, although it generally has a similar spherical shape. Moisture and crude protein contents of L. edodes GNA01 were lower than those of L. edodes. Meanwhile, L. edodes GNA01 contained higher levels of crude ash, crude lipid, crude fiber, and carbohydrates than L. edodes. The β-carotene content (19.05 μg/100 g) of L. edodes GNA01 was about three times higher than that of L. edodes. In addition, vitamin D content (118.53 μg/100 g) of L. edodes GNA01 was more than twice that of L. edodes. L. edodes GNA01 was a good source of mineral elements, with K and Mg contents of 2,277.50 mg/100 g and 203.15 mg/100 g, respectively. The major fatty acids of L. edodes GNA01 were C16:0 and C18:2, and L. edodes GNA01 had the highest linoleic acid (C18:2) content of 1,087.66 mg/100 g. Total phenol content of L. edodes GNA01 was 12.52 mg GAE/g, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values of L. edodes GNA01 were lower than those of L. edodes at all concentrations. However, DPPH radical scavenging activities and FRAP values of L. edodes GNA01 were above 80% and 0.9 at a concentration of 10 mg/mL, respectively.

Molecular organization of the B mating type locus of a Lentinula edodes monokaryon strain SUP2

Bao Da-Peng Chen Ming-Jie,Song Wen-Hua,Song Chun-yan,Zhang Mei-Yan,Chen Xiang,Lin Nan 한국버섯학회 2010 한국버섯학회지 Vol.8 No.4

Lentinula edodes is an important cultivated mushroom in China. The development of Lentinula edodes production promotes more studies on it. In our previous work, degenerate PCR and chromosome walking technologies were used to obtain one pheromone receptor gene and one pheromone precursor gene from Lentinula edodes. In this study, four pairs of specific primers were designed according to the whole genome sequencing of the protoplast monokaryon of Lentinula edodes strain 135, to amplify STE3-like pheromone receptor gene and its flanking conserved genes in the protoplast monokaryon strain SUP2 derived from Lentinula edodes strain Suxiang and 33655bp DNA sequence was obtained. By BlastX search, seven putative genes were identified, and three of them are pheromone receptor encoded genes. Furthermore, near to two pheromone receptor genes, four genes encoding proteins with conserved motifs of pheromone precursors were found. This study firstly reveals the molecular organization of the B mating type locus of Lentinula edodes.

농약 허용물질목록 관리제도와 연계한 국내산 표고 잔류농약 실태 조사

김경제,고영우,임승빈,진성우,하늘이,정희경,정상욱,윤경원,서경순 한국버섯학회 2020 한국버섯학회지 Vol.18 No.4

The study was conducted for the safety evaluation of 320 pesticide residues in 768 Lentinula edodes fruit body samples and 143 L. edodes media samples, which are distributed nationwide in South Korea. The monitoring method was the second of the multi-residue methods in the Korean Food Code. GC-ECD, GC-NPD, and GC-MSD were used as evaluation equipment for analysis. Single-analysis of the target pesticides was performed for mepiquat chloride. Through the analysis of collected L. edodes samples, pesticide residues were detected in total seven cases, including four L. edodes fruit body samples and three L. edodes media samples. The detected pesticide residues were carbendazim, diflubenzuron, fluopyram, and dinotefuran. In this study, carbendazim was detected in three L. edodes fruit body samples and one L. edodes media sample. The detected amount of carbendazim was 0.056, 0.17, 0.043, and 0.09 mg/kg, respectively. The amount of carbendazim in the collected L. edodes samples was detected below the MRLs (maximum residue level). The detected amounts of fluopyram and dinotefuran were 0.068 mg/kg and 0.06 mg/kg, respectively. Two pesticide residues were detected in the medium in one case. Mepiquat chloride was not detected in this study. These results suggested that residual pesticides were detected in a small number of collected L. edodes. However, the PLS for unregistered pesticides MRL was 0.01 ppm; therefore, we have to conduct research on preparing safety standards for mushrooms, including L. edodes.

저염표고된장을 활용한 스프레드잼의 품질특성

하늘이,정희경,진성우,김경제,고영우,임승빈,정상욱,윤경원,김기만,서경순,Ha, Neul-I,Jeong, Hee-Gyeong,Jin, Seong-Woo,Kim, Kyung-Je,Koh, Young-Woo,Im, Seung-Bin,Jeong, Sang-Wook,Yun, Kyeong-Won,Kim, Ki-Man,Seo, Kyoung-Sun 한국버섯학회 2021 한국버섯학회지 Vol.19 No.3

본 연구에서는 상품성이 떨어지는 원목표고를 활용하여 전통된장의 기호성과 저장성이 향상된 저염표고된장을 개발하고, 이를 활용한 된장스프레드잼을 제조하여 품질특성을 확인하였다. 대조구로 시판된장(전통된장, 농업회사법인 장흥식품)을 분석하였다. 염도함량은 염수 중 식염 첨가량이 낮은 저염표고된장이 시판된장보다 더 낮게 나타났으며, L(명도)값은 더 높게 나타났다. 일반성분 분석결과 조단백질, 조지방, 회분은 저염표고된장보다 시판된장에서 더 높게 나타났다. 유리당은 시판된장에서 glucose, fructose, maltose가 검출되었으며 저염표고된장에서는 arabinose와 fucose가 추가로 검출되었다. 유기산 분석결과 시판된장과 저염표고된장은 2 종만 검출되었으며, 저염표고된장을 활용한 된장스프레드잼은 4 종의 유기산이 검출되었다. 유리아미노산 분석결과 시판된장과 저염표고된장의 주요 아미노산은 histidine, glutamic acid, arginine이었고 총 유리아미노산 함량은 시판된장(49.26 mg%)보다 저염표고된장(54.81 mg%)에서 더 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 저염표고된장을 활용한 된장스프레드잼의 총 유리아미노산 함량은 43.01 mg%로 나타났다. Ergosterol 함량과 β-glucan은 표고정과를 첨가한 된장스프레드잼에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 시중된장보다 저염표고된장에서 함량이 월등하게 높게 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구의 저염표고된장 및 된장스프레드잼은 표고의 유용성분을 함유하며, 염도가 낮은 장점이 있어 표고를 활용한 건강식품개발에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. In this study, a low-salt Lentinula edodes soybean paste (LSLESP) with improved palatability and storability relative to traditional Korean soybean paste was developed by utilizing low quality log cultivation of L. edodes. We also conducted quality characteristic analyses of spread jam made from low-salt L. edodes soybean paste (SJLLESP). The lowest salinity content and the highest L (brightness) value was found in LSLESP. According to proximate compositions analysis, crude protein, crude fat, and ash content were higher in commercial soybean paste than in LSLESP. Glucose, fructose, and maltose were the only free sugars detected in commercial soybean paste, whereas arabinose and fucose were additionally detected in LSLESP. Only two types of organic acid, were detected in common in commercially available soybean paste and LSLESP. Four types of organic acid, were detected in SJLLESP due to its added ingredients. The major free amino acids in commercially available soybean paste and LSLESP are histidine, glutamic acid, and arginine. Total amino acid, content was higher in LSLESP (54.81 mg%) than in commercial soybean paste (49.26 mg%). Total free amino acid, content in SJLLESP was 43.01 mg%. Ergosterol and β-glucan contents were highest in SJLLESP. The elevated ergosterol and β-glucan content in low-salt LSLESP relative to commercial soybean paste was significant. In conclusion, LSLESP and SJLLESP contain useful components from L. edodes, and offer the advantage of low salinity. LSLESP and SJLLESP could thus contribute to the development of health foods using L. edodes.

UV 조사시간에 따른 원목표고당화물의 유용성분 및 항염증 효과

윤경원,임승빈,진성우,김경제,고영우,하늘이,정희경,정상욱,김승주,김복선,김기만,최유진,송다혜,서경순 한국버섯학회 2020 한국버섯학회지 Vol.18 No.4

The grade and price of Lentinula edodes largely differs in preference depending on the product area and seasonal factors. The product amount of autumn L. edodes was higher than that of spring L. edodes, but high quality, which is divided into “Hwago” is low in preference. Mostly, the autumn L. edodes is obtained as powder; hence, it is necessary to develop a processing method to utilize its flavor and aroma at an affordable price. Additionally, we estimated the content of β-glucan, ergosterol, vitamin D2, reducing sugars, and free amino acids and evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of saccharification powder of log-cultivated L. edodes. In the saccharification powders obtained via 7 min of UV irradiation of log-cultivated L. edodes, β-glucan and vitamin D2 contents were found to be the highest, whereas ergosterol content was found to be the lowest. The content of reducing sugars ranged from 62.4 mg/L to 68.2 mg/L. The free amino acids were higher in these saccharification powders than in the control. Subsequently, RAW 264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations (10, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 500 μg/mL) of the saccharification powders of log-cultivated L. edodes obtained via different UV irradiation time applications. The cells showed good viability; the antiinflammatory effect was found to be the highest at 7 min UV irradiation. Therefore, 7 min of UV irradiation was determined to be the optimum condition for manufacturing saccharification powders of log-cultivated L. edodes. Hence, saccharification powders of log-cultivated L. edodes may be used as a raw material for natural sweeteners, food additives, and in the food industry.

참나무 톱밥배지의 살균 및 배양온도가 표고 균사생장에 미치는 영향

구창덕 ( Chang Duck Koo ),이화용 ( Hwa Yong Lee ),이귀용 ( Gwi Yong Lee ) 한국산림과학회 2012 한국산림과학회지 Vol.101 No.1

Sterilization of oak sawdust at 65oC for Lentinula edodes bed cultivation can be efficient in sterilization facility cost, but its effect on the mushroom production is uncertain due to high contamination probability. The effective conditions for L. edodes hyphal growth in the low temperature sterilized oak sawdust were investigated with combinations of three sterilization temperatures (65oC, 100oC and 121oC) and four cultivation temperatures (15oC, 20oC, 25oC, and 30oC). L. edodes inoculation density effect was also tested with 1 cm, 2 cm, and 4 cm distance in the sawdust (4%, 11% and 25% inoculation rate by surface area). L. edodes hyphal growth in the sawdust sterilized at 65oC was as much as at those 100oC and 121oC when the fungus cultured below 25oC, but it was greatly reduced when cultured at 30oC. And the sawdust medium with 1cm distance inoculation density was fully occupied with L. edodes hyphae, but those with 2~4 cm distance inoculation were contaminated by 14~33%. Therefore, we conclude that low temperature sterilized oak sawdust needs to be cultured under 25oC after sufficient inoculation by 25% for successful bed cultivation of L. edodes.

Generation of Nucler Hybrids Overcoming the Natural Barrier of Incompatibility: Transfer of Nuclei from Lentinula edodes into Protoplasts of Coriolus versicolor

Kim, Chaekyun,Choi, Eung-Chil,Kim, Byoung-Kak The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2000 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.23 No.1

Heterokaryotic nuclear hybrids overcoming the natural barriers of incompatibility have been studied in basidiomycetes. To produce these nuclear hybrids between incompatible mushrooms, which have several potent pharmacological effects, nuclear transfer was performed between Lentinula edodes and Coriolus versicolor. Nuclei from serine auxotrophs of Lentinula edodes, $LE207(Ser^{-})$ were transferred into the protoplasts of arginine auxotrophs of Coriolus versicolor, $CV17(Ser^{-})$using 30% polyethylene glycol 4000 in 10 mM $Cacl_{2}$-glycine solution (pH 8.0). Nulcear transfer progenies were selected by nutritional complementation on minimal media supplemented with 0.6 M sucrose. The progenies were classified based on colony morphology to L. edodes-like, C, versicolor-like and non-parental type. Most of the progenies grew slower than either parent. The number of nuclei per cell was similar but the DNA content varied between progenies. The isozyme patterns of nuclear hybrids resembled either of the parent porfiles or showed a mixed profile.

Determination and Analysis of Hyper-Variable A Mating Types in Wild Strains of Lentinula edodes in Korea

Mi-Jeong Park,Eunjin Kim,Yeun Sug Jeong,Mi-Young Son,Yeongseon Jang,Kang-Hyeon Ka 한국균학회 2023 Mycobiology Vol.51 No.1

The diversity of A mating type in wild strains of Lentinula edodes was extensively analyzed to characterize and utilize them for developing new cultivars. One hundred twenty-three A mating type alleles, including 67 newly discovered alleles, were identified from 106 wild strains collected for the past four decades in Korea. Based on previous studies and current findings, a total of 130 A mating type alleles have been found, 124 of which were discovered from wild strains, indicating the hyper-variability of A mating type alleles of L. edodes. About half of the A mating type alleles in wild strains were found in more than two strains, whereas the other half of the alleles were found in only one strain. About 90% of A mating type combinations in dikaryotic wild strains showed a single occurrence. Geographically, diverse A mating type alleles were intensively located in the central region of the Korean peninsula, whereas only allele A17 was observed throughout Korea. We also found the con- servation of the TCCCAC motif in addition to the previously reported motifs, including ATTGT, ACAAT, and GCGGAG, in the intergenic regions of A mating loci. Sequence compari- son among some alleles indicated that accumulated mutation and recombination would contribute to the diversification of A mating type alleles in L. edodes. Our data support the rapid evolution of A mating locus in L. edodes, and would help to understand the character- istics of A mating loci of wild strains in Korea and help to utilize them for developing new cultivars.

표고 담자포자 유래 단핵균사의 A 교배형과 생장 속도 상관관계

박미정 ( Mi-jeong Park ),유림 ( Rhim Ryoo ),장영선 ( Yeongseon Jang ),가강현 ( Kang-hyeon Ka ) 한국균학회 2021 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.49 No.4

표고는 사극성의 교배계를 갖는 담자균의 일종으로, 표고의 교배형은 A와B라 불리는 서로 독립된 두 유전자좌에 의해 결정된다. 이론적으로 하나의 이핵균주는 네 개의 서로 다른 교배형을 갖는 담자포자를 1:1:1:1의 비율로 만들 수 있다. 과거 연구 결과에 따르면, 표고 담자포자에서 교배형이 편향된 분리비로 나타남이 보고되었다. 하지만 이러한 결과들은 꺽쇠연결과 같은 형태학적 특성만을 기반으로 교배형을 결정했다는 한계가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 교배형의 편향된 분리비가 표고에서 일반적인 현상인지 보다 명확하게 알아보기 위해서 최근에 보고된 DNA 마커를 활용하여 세 가지 표고 품종들의 담자포자에 대한 교배형 분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과 교배형의 편향된 분리비가 과거 보고와 일치하게 균주 특이적인 특성임을 확인하였다. 분석한 세 품종 중 한 품종을 제외하고 나머지 두 품종에서 편향된 분리비가 관찰된 것이다. 다음으로는 각 담자포자 유래 단핵균사들의 생장 속도와 교배형의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 그 결과 표고 단핵균사의 생장 속도는B 교배형과는 관계가 없고, A 교배형과 관계가 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서A 교배형 유전자좌에 존재하는 호메오도메인 전사인자 혹은A 교배형 유전자좌와 연관된 유전자들이 단핵균사의 생장에 영향을 줄 것으로 보인다. 버섯 신품종 육성에서 교배형의 중요성을 고려할 때, 본 연구는 효율적인 신품종 육성 전략을 세우거나 단핵균사 생장 기작을 이해하는 데 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다. Lentinula edodes is a tetrapolar basidiomycete and its mating type is determined by two unlinked genetic loci, A and B. Theoretically, one dikaryotic strain could produce basidiospores with four different mating types in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. Previous studies have described the skewed segregation ratio of mating types among basidiospores of L. edodes. However, they were based only on morphological characteristics, such as clamp connection, to determine mating types. To clarify whether the segregation distortion of mating types is a general phenomenon in L. edodes, we analyzed the mating types of basidiospores obtained from three cultivars of L. edodes using recently developed DNA markers. We found that the skewed segregation of mating types was strain-specific, as reported previously. Among the three cultivars, one cultivar showed balanced segregation, while the other two displayed distorted segregation. We also examined the relationship between mating type and mycelial growth rate of monokaryons derived from each basidiospore. It was found that the monokaryotic mycelial growth rate was related to the A mating type but not to the B mating type. Therefore, homeodomain transcription factor genes that reside on the A locus or other genes linked to the A locus affect the growth rate of monokaryotic mycelia. Considering the importance of mating types in mushroom breeding, this study is informative for establishing an efficient breeding strategy as well as for understanding the mechanism of monokaryotic mycelial growth.

배지조성에 따른 표고 톱밥재배의 생육 효과

이관우,전종옥,김민자,김익제,장명준,박혜성 한국버섯학회 2018 한국버섯학회지 Vol.16 No.4

This study was carried out to select the suitable for bag cultivation of Lentinula edodes. We investigated the optimal major materials and its mixing ratio in bag cultivation of L. edodes, ‘Sanjo701ho’ and ‘Nongjingo’. The Suitable substrates for L. edodes bag cultivation were oak sawdust and douglas fir sawdust and rice bran mixed ratio 40:40:20(v/v). At the result, the period mycelial incubation shortened up to 13~18 days compared to the control. And Yield of commercial fruiting bodies was 17~19% higher than that in control. We expect that the cultivation period of L. edodes will be shortened, and the yield increased in the medium replaced half of oak sawdust by douglas fir sawdust.