상태방정식을 이용한 디클로로메탄/이산화탄소 혼합 용매의 열역학적 거동 연구

권웅,이권윤,정의경,Kwon, Woong,Lee, Kwonyun,Jeong, Euigyung 한국섬유공학회 2022 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.59 No.5

Single- or multi-component supercritical fluids, which exhibit excellent solubility in polymers, are used as solvents in polymer-based industries. Because their properties change easily with volume, temperature, and pressure, the use of single- or multi-component supercritical fluids in industrial applications requires the supercritical fluid apparatus to be designed according to the required volume, temperature, and pressure. Supercritical fluid apparatus design and optimization can benefit greatly from the analysis and understanding of the thermodynamic behavior of single- or multi-component fluids. Therefore, this study investigated the correlation between the composition ratio of a dichloromethane/carbon dioxide mixture and pressure at 200 ℃ using ideal gas, van der Waals, Redlich-Kwong, Soave-Redlich-Kwong, and Peng-Robinson equations of state. The critical temperature according to the compositional change of the dichloromethane/carbon dioxide mixture was predicted by the basic mixing rule. This analysis of the thermodynamic behavior of the dichloromethane/carbon dioxide mixture can be used for optimizing supercritical fluid apparatuses.

Formations of unexpected chloro-bridged bis(macrocycle) dicopper(II) complexes via decomposition of dichloromethane as a source of chloro-ligands

Kim, Seulgi,Kang, Dong Hee,Ju, Huiyeong,Lee, Eunji,Jung, Jong Hwa,Lee, Shim Sung,Choi, Kyu Seong,Park, In-Hyeok Elsevier Sequoia [etc.] 2018 Inorganica chimica acta Vol.478 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The 20-membered N<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-macrocycle <B>L</B> reacts with copper(II) salts (NO<SUB>3</SUB>, ClO<SUB>4</SUB>) in dichloromethane/methanol to yield unexpected isostructural chloro-bridged dinuclear bis(macrocycle) copper(II) complexes of type [<B>L</B>Cu<SUP>II</SUP>-(μ-Cl)<SUB>2</SUB>-Cu<SUP>II</SUP> <B>L</B>]X<SUB>2</SUB> (<B>1</B>: X = NO<SUB>3</SUB>, <B>2</B>: X = ClO<SUB>4</SUB>). Each complex contains two five-coordinate copper(II) ions which are bridged by two chloro-ligands, (μ-Cl)<SUB>2</SUB>, and the remaining coordination sites are completed by three nitrogens from the macrocycle. Notably, the chloro-bridging ligands are derived from the partial decomposition of the dichloromethane solvent molecules. Analogous reaction employing copper(I) chloride also afforded a similar dimer complex, [<B>L</B>Cu<SUP>II</SUP>-(μ-Cl)<SUB>2</SUB>-Cu<SUP>II</SUP> <B>L</B>]Cl<SUB>2</SUB> (<B>3</B>), suggesting such type of the chloro-bridged dicopper(II) complexes are thermodynamically stable under the reaction conditions employed in this work. Considering the τ values (0.45–0.52) for the five-coordinated copper(II) centers, complexes <B>1</B>–<B>3</B> present an intermediate geometry between square planar and trigonal bipyramidal arrangements.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Chloro-bridged bis(macrocycle) dicopper(II) complexes of an N<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-macrocycle. </LI> <LI> Chloro-bridging ligand derived from decomposition of dichloromethane solvent. </LI> <LI> Intermediate geometry of copper(II) between SP and TBP. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>The N<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-macrocycle <B>L</B> reacts with copper(II) nitrate to afford an unexpected chloro-bridged dicopper(II) complex in which the chloro-ligands are derived from the decomposition of dichloromethane.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Fabrication and its characteristics of metal-loaded TiO2/SnO2 thick-film gas sensor for detecting dichloromethane

Young Ho Park,Hye-Kyung Song,이창섭,Jong-Gi Jee 한국공업화학회 2008 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.14 No.6

This study investigated sensitivity of the gas sensor to chemical warfare agents with the various operating temperatures and catalysts. The nanosized SnO2 powder mixed with metal oxide (TiO2) was doped with transition metals (Pt, Pd and In). Thick film of nano-sized SnO2 powder and TiO2 was prepared by screen-printing method onto Al2O3 substrates with platinum electrode and chemical precipitation method. The physical and chemical properties of sensor material were investigated by SEM/EDS, XRD and BET analyzers. The measured sensitivity to simulant chemical toxic gas is defined as the percentage of resistance of value equation, (Ra Rg/Ra), that of the resistance (Rair) of SnO2 film in air and the resistance (Rgas) of SnO2 film in dichloromethane. The best sensitivity and selectivity of these thick-film sensor were shown with 1 wt.% Pt and 5 wt.% TiO2 for dichloromethane toxic gas at the operating temperature of 250 8C.

파일럿 규모 바이오필터를 이용한 정밀화학공장 배출가스의 처리

류희욱(Hee Wook Ryu),이태호(Tae Ho Lee),박창호(Chang-Ho Park) 한국생물공학회 2009 KSBB Journal Vol.24 No.1

본 연구는 폴리우레탄 입방체 (20 mm W × 20 mm L × 20 mm H)를 담체로 사용하고 자동교반장치가 장착된 pilot-scale의 바이오필터 (1750 mm W × 2750 mm L × 2000 mm H)를 정밀화학공정 현장에 설치하여 30일간 막힘 현상 등 제반 문제없이 성공적으로 가동하였다. 정밀화학공정에서 발생하는 가스에 함유된 ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate 및 악취의 제거효율이 각각 95%, 95% 및 90% 이었다. 반면 dichloromethane은 체류시간이 60초로 길어진 이 후에도 50% 이하에 머물렀다. 전체 데이터 중에서 유입공기내의 VOC 농도가 600 ppm이하인 조건인 경우만 따로 보았을 때 체류시간 36∼60초의 가스공급조건에서 ethyl alcohol은 운전초기부터 91%를 전후한 제거율을 보였고, 체류시간 60초에서는 고농도 유입조건에서도 95%를 상회하는 제거율을 보였다. Ethyl acetate 는 초기에는 제거효율이 낮았으나 체류시간이 60초로 길어졌을 때 95%전후의 높은 제거효율을 나타내었다. 악취 또한 90% 전후한 높은 제거율을 나타내었다. 유입가스의 농도가 심하게 변화하고 순간적으로 고농도 (최고 3500 ppm)로 유입됨에도 불구하고 매우 높은 제거율 (1038 g/m3?h)을 나타냄으로서 본 연구에서 사용한 pilot-scale 바이오필터의 성능이 우수하다는 것을 입증하였다. A pilot-plant biofilter (1750 mm W × 2750 mm L × 2000 mm H) packed with polyurethane foam (20 mm W × 20 mm L × 20 mm H) was installed in an fine chemical plant emitting gas streams containing ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane. The biofilter was successfully operated for 30 days under highly fluctuating incoming concentrations (maximum 3500 ppm) at a residence time of 36 and 60 sec. Both ethyl alcohol and ethyl acetate were removed more than 95%, but dichloromethane removal was less than 50%. Malodor was also removed more than 90% from 17 days after start up.

열에 노출된 테이프가 부착된 종이를 대상으로 한 잠재지문 현출 연구

고복찬(Go, Bok Chan),박지현(Park, Ji Hyun),정동희(Jeong, Dong Hee),김승갑(Kim, Seung Gap) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2022 경찰학연구 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구는 각종 사건 현장에 있어 지문감식이 필요한 종이류 검체에 테이프가 부착된 상태로 고온에 지속적으로 노출될 경우 발생할 수 있는 열변형 등에 의한 지문현출의 한계점을 극복하고자 함에 그 목적이 있다. 실험에 사용된 시료들은 200℃에서 1분과 3분, 5분 그리고 10분간 노출되었으며, 테이프 박리와 동시에 지문을 현출할 수 있는 Dual-Purpose 1,2-IND 와 함께 종이로부터 열변형된 테이프를 박리하기 위하여 과학수사 실무에서 현재 사용 중인 SIRCHIE社 Un-Stick adhesive remover와 에틸아세테이트, 석유에테르 그리고 디클로로메탄을 사용하였으며, 박리가 완료된 종이는 잠재지문 현출을 위해 질산은이 적용되었다. 실험결과 가장 높은 지문 현출력을 보여주었던 검체는 유리테이프가 부착된 종이였으며, 그 다음이 청테이프와 절연테이프 순이었다. 그리고 열변형된 테이프를 가장 효과적으로 박리할 수 있었던 시약은 디클로로메탄이었으며, 테이프 박리 후 종이로부터 현출된 지문의 품질수준에서는 거의 모든 시료에서 질산은이 Dual Purpose 1,2-IND 보다 나음을 보였다. 따라서 지문감식 사건에 있어 종이에 부착된 테이프가 열에 노출되어져 탄화된 모습을 보이는 경우 디클로로메탄을 사용하여 열변형된 테이프를 박리해낸 다음 질산은 처리를 통해 잠재지문을 현출할 것을 권장할 수 있겠다. The Purpose of this study is to solve the difficulty of fingerprinting due to thermal deformation that can occur when paper requiring development of latent fingerprint is attached to a tape and continuously exposed to high temperatures at various crime scene. The samples used in the experiment were exposed for 1 minute, 3 minutes, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes at a temperature of 200°C, and SIRCHIE’s Un-Stick adhesive remover and ethyl acetate, petroleum ether and dichloromethane were used. And after removing the tape remaining on the paper in a heat-deformed state, Dual Purpose 1,2-IND and silver nitrate reagent were used to develop the latent fingerprints on the paper. As a result of the experiment, the substrate that showed the best scoring was paper with OPP tape, followed by Duct tape and Electrical tape. And the reagent that could remove the heat-deformed tape most effectively was dichloromethane. As a result of comparing the quality level of the fingerprints that were developed after the tape removing, it was shown that silver nitrate treatment was better than Dual Purpose 1,2-IND in most samples. Therefore, in case the tape attached to the paper was carbonized by heat at crime scenes, it is recommended to use dichloromethane to remove the heat-deformed tape and then treat the separated paper with silver nitrate to develop latent fingerprints.

이염화메탄에 의한 Carboxyhemogolbin 생성에 몇몇 대사활성조절제들이 미치는 영향

강경애,김영철 한국독성학회 1995 Toxicological Research Vol.11 No.2

Several metabolic modulators on the generation of carbon monoxide (CO)from dichloromethane (DCM) was examined in adult female rats. It has been known that DCM is converted to CO by cytochrome P-450 or to carbon dioxide $(CO_2)$ by glutathione-dependent metabolic reaction. In rats treated with DCM (3 mmol/kg, ip) only, the carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level reached a peak of approximately 10% 2 or 3 hr following the treatment. Disulfiram (300 mg/kg, ip) or allylsulfide (200 mg/kg, po), both known as a selective inhibitior for cytochrome P-450 2E1, blocked the increase in COHb concentratlons almost completely suggesting that the metabolic conversion of DCM to CO is mediated by the activity of this specific type of isozyme. YH439 (125 or 250 mg/kg, po), a potential hepatoprotective agent, decreased the COHb elevation as well indicating that this chemical is a potent inhibitor for 2E1. In rats treated with pyrazine (200 mg/kg, ip) 18 hr prior to DCM the peak COHb concentration was decreased by approximately 3 or 4%. However, pretreatment of rats with pyrazine either 24 or 48 hr before DCM increased the peak COHb concentration significantly compared to the rats treated with DCM only. The results in the present study strongly suggest that the generation of CO from DCM depends on the 2E1 activity and that the pharmacological and/or toxicological action of YH439 or pyrazine in animals or human is associated with its effect on this isozyme.

Genome-wide analysis of dichloromethane-regulated genes in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells

Sailendra Nath Sarma,한태준,류재천,김연정 한국바이오칩학회 2012 BioChip Journal Vol.6 No.1

Dichloromethane (DCM, methylene chloride) can readily absorb and metabolized to several metabolites in different target organs. Several mutagenesis studies and animal bioassays have been demonstrated the carcinogenicity of DCM. In this present study, we analyze the genome wide expression profiles of DCM using human promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cells. Exposure to IC20 and IC50 doses concentration of DCM altered the expression of 1117 and 1684 upand also 730 and 1736 down-regulated genes individually, 366 up- and 281 down-regulated genes were commonly expressed. Genes with a significantly altered the expression levels (over 1.5 fold and p-values⁄0.05) were then classified with gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway annotation. Clustering of differentially expressed common genes were associated with JAKSTAT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, apoptosis, prostate cancer and small cell lung cancer. GO analysis showed the category wise biological process ontology. Functionally important immune response and apoptosis related genes were also validating their expression profiles by quantitative real-time RTPCR. DCM exposure induces IFN-related genes as part of the immune response which was then followed the apoptosis pathway. GO and KEGG pathway database analyses provided a valuable mechanistic insight of DCM exposure in human leukemia cells.

Evaluation on Four Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Contents in the Groundwater and Their Human Risk Level

Song, Dahee,Park, Sunhwa,Jeon, Sang-Ho,Hwang, Jong Yeon,Kim, Moonsu,Jo, Hun-Je,Kim, Deok-Hyun,Lee, Gyeong-Mi,Kim, Ki-In,Kim, Hye-Jin,Kim, Tae-Seung,Chung, Hyen Mi,Kim, Hyun-Koo 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.4

In this study, we monitored 4 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and tetrachloromethane in groundwater samples to determine the detection frequency and their concentrations and evaluated the health risk level considering ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. 75 groundwater wells were selected. 24 wells were from monitoring background groundwater quality level and 51 wells were from monitoring groundwater quality level in industrial or contamination source area. In the results, the detection frequency for chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and tetrachloromethane was 42.3%, 8.1%, 6.0%, and 3.4%, respectively. The average concentrations of VOCs were high in the order of chloroform ($1.7{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$), dichloromethane ($0.08{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$), tetrachloromethane ($0.05{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$), and 1,2-dichloroethane ($0.05{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$). Chloroform had the highest detection frequency and average detection concentration. In the contaminated groundwater, the detection frequency of VOCs was high in the order of chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dchloroethane, and tetrachloromethane. The average concentrations for chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and tetrachloromethane were $2.23{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, $0.08{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, $0.07{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, and $0.06{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, respectively. All the 4 compounds were detected at industrial complex and storage tank area. The maximum concentration of chloroform, dichloromethane, and 1,2-dichloroethane was detected at industrial complex area. Especially, the maximum concentration of chloroform and dichloromethane was detected at a chemical factory area. In the uncontaminated groundwater, the detection frequency of VOCs was high in the order of chloroform, dichloromethane, and 1,2-dchloroethane and tetrachloromethane was not detected. The average concentrations for chloroform, dichloromethane, and 1,2-dichloroethane were $0.57{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, $0.07{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, and $0.03{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, respectively. Although chloroform in the uncontaminated groundwater was detected the most, the concentration of chloroform was not exceeding water quality standards. By land use, the maximum detection frequency of 1,2-dichloroethane was found near a traffic area. For human risk assessment, the cancer risk for the 4 VOCs was $10^{-6}{\sim}10^{-9}$, while the non-cancer risk (HQ value) for the 4 VOCs is $10^{-2}{\sim}10^{-3}$.

Evaluation on Four Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Contents in the Groundwater and Their Human Risk Level

송다희,박선화,전상호,황종연,김문수,조훈제,김덕현,이경미,김기인,김태승,김태승,정현미 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.4

In this study, we monitored 4 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as chloroform, dichloromethane,1,2-dichloroethane, and tetrachloromethane in groundwater samples to determine the detection frequency andtheir concentrations and evaluated the health risk level considering ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. 75groundwater wells were selected. 24 wells were from monitoring background groundwater quality level and51 wells were from monitoring groundwater quality level in industrial or contamination source area. In theresults, the detection frequency for chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and tetrachloromethanewas 42.3%, 8.1%, 6.0%, and 3.4%, respectively. The average concentrations of VOCs were high in theorder of chloroform (1.7 μg L-1), dichloromethane (0.08 μg L-1), tetrachloromethane (0.05 μg L-1), and1,2-dichloroethane (0.05 μg L-1). Chloroform had the highest detection frequency and average detectionconcentration. In the contaminated groundwater, the detection frequency of VOCs was high in the order ofchloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dchloroethane, and tetrachloromethane. The average concentrations forchloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and tetrachloromethane were 2.23 μg L-1, 0.08 μg L-1, 0.07μg L-1, and 0.06 μg L-1, respectively. All the 4 compounds were detected at industrial complex and storagetank area. The maximum concentration of chloroform, dichloromethane, and 1,2-dichloroethane was detectedat industrial complex area. Especially, the maximum concentration of chloroform and dichloromethane wasdetected at a chemical factory area. In the uncontaminated groundwater, the detection frequency of VOCs washigh in the order of chloroform, dichloromethane, and 1,2-dchloroethane and tetrachloromethane was notdetected. The average concentrations for chloroform, dichloromethane, and 1,2-dichloroethane were 0.57 μgL-1, 0.07 μg L-1, and 0.03 μg L-1, respectively. Although chloroform in the uncontaminated groundwater wasdetected the most, the concentration of chloroform was not exceeding water quality standards. By land use,the maximum detection frequency of 1,2-dichloroethane was found near a traffic area. For human riskassessment, the cancer risk for the 4 VOCs was 10-6~10-9, while the non-cancer risk (HQ value) for the 4VOCs is 10-2~10-3.

속단의 dichloromethane 분획물이 태아골모세포의 골형성 유도에 미치는 효과

이영준,최희인,김윤철,신형식,유형근,Lee, Young-Joon,Choi, Hee-In,Kim, Yun-Chul,Shin, Hyung-Shik,You, Hyung-Keun 대한치주과학회 2003 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.33 No.2

The ideal goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of periodontal tissue repair of function. Although is very difficult to attain the goal, recent advances in periodontal wound healing concepts encourage hope reaching it. Recently many efforts are concentrated on the regeneration potential of material used in traditional Korean medicine. Phlomidis Radix has been used for the treatment of blood stasis, bone fracture and osteoporosis in traditional Korean medicine. The purpose of this study is to examine effects of dichloromethane fraction Phlomidis Radix on Bone Formation in Human Fetal Osteoblasts. Human fetal osteoblastic cell line(hFOB1 1.19 ;American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA) were used and cells were cultured containing DMEM and dichloromethane fraction Phlomidis Radix(100 ng/ml , 1 ${\mu}$/ml, 10 ${\mu}$/ml) at 34$^{\circ}C$ with 5% $CO_2$ in 100% humidity. MTT was performed to examine the viability of the cell, and alkaline phosphatase activity was analyzed to examine the mineralization. Also bone calcification nodules were evaluated. The cellular activity of hFOB1 was increased in 100 ng/ml, 1 ${\mu}$/ml , 10 ${\mu}$/ml of dichloromethane fraction of Phlomidis Radix and especially significant increation was showed in 100 ng/ml of dichloromethane fraction of Phlomidis Radix at 6days (p <0.05). ALP level of hFOB1 was significantly increased in 100 ng/ml , 1 ${\mu}$/ml, 10 ${\mu}$/ml of dichloromethane fraction of Phlomidis Radix and especially more increation was showed in 10 ${\mu}$/ml of dichloromethane fraction of Phlomidis Radix (p <0,05). Calcification nodules of hFOB1 significantly increased in 10 ${\mu]$/ml of dichloromethane fraction of Phlomidis Radix at 21 days of incubation(p<0.05). The results indicate that dicholoromethane fraction of Phlomidis Radix has excellent effects on mineralization of hFOB1.