Early radiographic diagnosis of peri-implantitis enhances the outcome of peri-implantitis treatment: a 5-year retrospective study after non-surgical treatment

Chang, Hee-Yung,Park, Shin-Young,Kim, Jin-Ah,Kim, Young-Kyun,Lee, Hyo-Jung Korean Academy of Periodontology 2015 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.45 No.3

Purpose: This retrospective study evaluated the relationship between the timing of peri-implantitis diagnosis and marginal bone level after a 5-year follow-up of non-surgical peri-implantitis treatment. Methods: Thirty-three patients (69 implants) were given peri-implantitis diagnosis in 2008-2009 in Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. Among them, 31 implants from 16 patients were included in this study. They were treated non-surgically in this hospital, and came for regular maintenance visits for at least 5 years after peri-implantitis treatment. Radiographic marginal bone levels at each interval were measured and statistical analysis was performed. Results: Timing of peri-implantitis was one of the significant factors affecting initial bone loss and total bone loss not additional bone after peri-implantitis diagnosis. Patients with cardiovascular disease and diabetic mellitus were positively influenced on both initial bone loss and total bone loss. Patients who needed periodontal treatment after implant placement showed a negative effect on bone loss compared to those who needed periodontal treatment before implant placement during entire periods. Implant location also significantly influenced on amounts of bone loss. Mandibular implants showed less bone loss than maxillary implants. Among surgical factors, combined use of autogenous and xenogenic bone graft materials showed a negative effect on bone loss compared to autogenous bone graft materials. Use of membrane negatively affected on initial bone loss but positively on additional bone loss and total bone loss. Thread exposure showed positive effects on initial bone loss and total bone loss. Conclusions: Early peri-implantitis diagnosis led to early non-surgical intervention for peri-implantitis treatment, which resulted in the maintenance of the bone level as well as preservation of the implant.

Early radiographic diagnosis of periimplantitis enhances the outcome of peri-implantitis treatment: a 5-year retrospective study after non-surgical treatment

장희영,이효정,김진아,김영균,박신영 대한치주과학회 2015 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.45 No.3

Purpose: This retrospective study evaluated the relationship between the timing of periimplantitis diagnosis and marginal bone level after a 5-year follow-up of non-surgical periimplantitis treatment. Methods: Thirty-three patients (69 implants) were given peri-implantitis diagnosis in 2008- 2009 in Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. Among them, 31 implants from 16 patients were included in this study. They were treated non-surgically in this hospital, and came for regular maintenance visits for at least 5 years after peri-implantitis treatment. Radiographic marginal bone levels at each interval were measured and statistical analysis was performed. Results: Timing of peri-implantitis was one of the significant factors affecting initial bone loss and total bone loss not additional bone after peri-implantitis diagnosis. Patients with cardiovascular disease and diabetic mellitus were positively influenced on both initial bone loss and total bone loss. Patients who needed periodontal treatment after implant placement showed a negative effect on bone loss compared to those who needed periodontal treatment before implant placement during entire periods. Implant location also significantly influenced on amounts of bone loss. Mandibular implants showed less bone loss than maxillary implants. Among surgical factors, combined use of autogenous and xenogenic bone graft materials showed a negative effect on bone loss compared to autogenous bone graft materials. Use of membrane negatively affected on initial bone loss but positively on additional bone loss and total bone loss. Thread exposure showed positive effects on initial bone loss and total bone loss. Conclusions: Early peri-implantitis diagnosis led to early non-surgical intervention for periimplantitis treatment, which resulted in the maintenance of the bone level as well as preservation of the implant.

Influence of crown-to-implant ratio on periimplant marginal bone loss in the posterior region: a five-year retrospective study

이경진,김용건,박진우,이재목,서조영 대한치주과학회 2012 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.42 No.6

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the crown-to-implant (C/I) ratio on the change in marginal bone level around the implant and to determine the site-related factors influencing the relationship between the C/I ratio and periimplant marginal bone loss. Methods: A total of 259 implants from 175 patients were evaluated at a mean follow-up of five years. Implants were divided into two groups according to their C/I ratios: ≤ 1, and >1. Site-related factors having an influence on the relationship between C/I ratio and periimplant marginal bone loss were analyzed according to the implant location, implant diameter, implant manufacturer, prosthesis type, and guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedure. Results: It was found that 1) implants with a C/I ratio below 1 exhibited greater periimplant marginal bone loss than implants with a C/I ratio more than 1, 2) site-related factors had an effect on periimplant marginal bone loss, except for the implant system used, 3) the C/I ratio was the factor having more dominant influence on periimplant marginal bone loss, compared with implant diameter, prosthesis type, implant location, and GBR procedure, 4) implants with a C/I ratio below 1 showed greater periimplant marginal bone loss than implants with a C/I ratio greater than 1 in the maxilla, but not in the mandible, 5) and periimplant marginal bone loss was more affected by the implant system than the C/I ratio. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, implants with a higher C/I ratio exhibited less marginal bone loss than implants with a lower C/I ratio in the posterior regions. The C/I ratio was a more dominant factor affecting periimplant marginal bone loss in the maxilla than the mandible. Meanwhile, the implant system was a more dominant factor influencing periimplant marginal bone loss than the C/I ratio.

Influence of crown-to-implant ratio on periimplant marginal bone loss in the posterior region: a five-year retrospective study

Lee, Kyung-Jin,Kim, Yong-Gun,Park, Jin-Woo,Lee, Jae-Mok,Suh, Jo-Young Korean Academy of Periodontology 2012 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.42 No.6

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the crown-to-implant (C/I) ratio on the change in marginal bone level around the implant and to determine the site-related factors influencing the relationship between the C/I ratio and periimplant marginal bone loss. Methods: A total of 259 implants from 175 patients were evaluated at a mean follow-up of five years. Implants were divided into two groups according to their C/I ratios: ${\leq}$ 1, and >1. Site-related factors having an influence on the relationship between C/I ratio and periimplant marginal bone loss were analyzed according to the implant location, implant diameter, implant manufacturer, prosthesis type, and guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedure. Results: It was found that 1) implants with a C/I ratio below 1 exhibited greater periimplant marginal bone loss than implants with a C/I ratio more than 1, 2) site-related factors had an effect on periimplant marginal bone loss, except for the implant system used, 3) the C/I ratio was the factor having more dominant influence on periimplant marginal bone loss, compared with implant diameter, prosthesis type, implant location, and GBR procedure, 4) implants with a C/I ratio below 1 showed greater periimplant marginal bone loss than implants with a C/I ratio greater than 1 in the maxilla, but not in the mandible, 5) and periimplant marginal bone loss was more affected by the implant system than the C/I ratio. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, implants with a higher C/I ratio exhibited less marginal bone loss than implants with a lower C/I ratio in the posterior regions. The C/I ratio was a more dominant factor affecting periimplant marginal bone loss in the maxilla than the mandible. Meanwhile, the implant system was a more dominant factor influencing periimplant marginal bone loss than the C/I ratio.

임플란트 주위 골변화와 생존율에 대한 연구

최현숙,정현주,김옥수,김영준,Choi, Hyun-Suk,Chung, Hyun-Ju,Kim, Ok-Su,Kim, Young-Jun 대한치주과학회 2004 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.34 No.2

The success and failure of dental implants depends on various factors such as patient's systemic status, quantity and quality of surrounding bone, presence or absence of marginal infection and mechanical loading condition. The measurement of crestal bone changes around the implants is implemental to evaluate the success and long-term prognosis of the implant. This study was to evaluate the cumulative survival rate of the implants which had been placed in the Department of Periodontics, Chonnam National University Hospital between 1992 and 2003, and to observe the crestal bone loss around the implants which had at least 2 consecutive periapical radiographs after connecting the transmucosal abutment. The radiographs were scanned and digitalized, and the crestal bone levels on the mesial and distal surface of implants were measured using Image analyzer (Image Pro Plus, Media Cybernetics, USA), immediately after implant placement, at 2nd surgery, and 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and every year thereafter. Any bone loss was not observed during the period between the 1stand 2nd surgery, and the bone loss was 0.86 ${\pm}$ 0.92 mm for the first year of loading after connecting the transmucosal abutment. After 1 year of loading, annual bone loss was 0.1 ${\pm}$ 0.27 mm, and total bone loss was 0.90 ${\pm}$ 0.80 mm (during the average follow-up periods of 22.5 ${\pm}$ 25.6 Mos), The implant, with smooth surface, in the mandible, and with the fixed bridge prosthesis showed greater bone loss, compared to those, with the rough surface, in the maxilla and with single crown. In systemically diseased patients (including DM or osteoporosis), the greater bone loss was observed. The cumulative survival rate among 432 implants was 94.10% for 7 years. Among 15 failed implants, 9 implants were removed due to mobility from disintegration of bone-implant interface. From this results, crestal bone loss around the implants were greatest during 1 year after transmucosal abutment connection, and various factors could affect peri-implant bone loss. To prevent and predict the bone loss around the implants and improve the prognosis, further comprehensive maintenance and follow-up schedules are required.

Beagle dog를 이용한 임프란트 사이의 간격에 따른 골흡수에 대한 방사선 및 조직학적 평가

이수연(Su-Youn Lee),이재욱(Jae-Wook Lee),김진욱(Jin-Wook Kim),이상한(Sang-Han Lee) 대한구강악안면외과학회 2008 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.34 No.5

Introduction: Possible etiologic factors associated with bone loss around implants after implantation are surgical trauma, occlusal overload, periimplantitis, presence of micro gap and the formation of biologic distances. Tarnow et al. observed that the crestal bone loss was greater when the distance between the implants was <3mm than when the implants were ≥3mm apart. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different interimplant distance on marginal bone and crestal bone resorption in the beagle dogs. Materials and methods: The mandibular premolars of 5 dogs were extracted bilaterally. After 12 weeks of healing, each dog received 7 implants. On each side, implants were separated by 2mm (Group 1) and by 5mm (Group 2). After 16 weeks of healing, the dogs were sacrificed. Marginal bone loss was determined through linear measurements made between the implant-abutment junctions and the most coronal portions of the bone in contact with the implant surface. A line was drawn uniting the implant-abutment junctions of the adjacent implants, and a linear measurement was made at the midpoint in the direction of the most coronal peak of the interimplant bone crest to determine the crestal bone loss. Both of them was measured radiologically and histologically. Result and conclusion: In radiological analysis, the mean of marginal bone loss was 1.26±0.14mm for group 1 and 1.23±0.34mm for group 2, the mean of crestal bone loss was 1.10±0.14mm for group 1 and 1.02±0.30mm for group 2. The results were not statistically significant between 2 groups. In histological analysis, the mean of marginal bone loss was 1.63±0.48mm for group 1 and 1.62±0.50mm for group 2, the mean of crestal bone loss was 1.23±0.35mm for group 1 and 1.15±0.39mm for group 2. The differences were also not statistically significant. The clinical significance of this result is that the increase in the crestal bone loss results in the increase in the distance between the base of the interproximal contact of the crowns and the bone crest, and this determines if papilla will be present or absent between implants. Considering this fact, keeping up sufficient interimplant distance is important to minimize crestal bone loss.

최소 침습적 레이저 치료 시스템의 골손실 치료 효과

고창용,정병조,김한성,류연항,강동연 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2009 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.6 No.13

Unloading, such as denervation, resulted in bone loss. The aim of this study is to evaluate effects of minimally invasive laser therapy system (MILTS) for treatment of bone loss during unloading. Nineteen 6-week-old ICR female mice (approximate weight 24 g) were used. Twelve mice served as sciatic neurectomy (denervation group, DENER) for right hind limb and seven mice served as control (wild type group, WT). Six mice were directly irradiated laser (wavelength: 660 nm, optical power: 10 mW, energy density: 3J) on bone by using minimal invasive laser probe in DENER group for 2weeks. The other six mice in DENER group served as sham treatment (sham group, SHAM). The mice were scanned at 0 week, before denervation, after 2weeks and after 4weeks by using in vivo micro-CT. Structural parameters and volume bone mineral density (vBMD, g/cm3) in the trabecular bone were measured. The vBMD(11%,p < 0.01), BV/TV (57%,p < 0.01), Tb.Th (23%,p < 0.05) and Tb.N (57%,p < 0.01) were significantly bigger and the Tb.Sp (42%,p < 0.05), SMI (62%,p < 0.05) and Tb.Pf (41%,p < 0.01) were significantly smaller in LASER group compared with SHAM group after 2weeks irradiation of laser. These results showed that the MILTS might keep bone quantity as well as quality during unloading. Therefore, the MILTS might be used for treatment of bone loss during unloading. Unloading, such as denervation, resulted in bone loss. The aim of this study is to evaluate effects of minimally invasive laser therapy system (MILTS) for treatment of bone loss during unloading. Nineteen 6-week-old ICR female mice (approximate weight 24 g) were used. Twelve mice served as sciatic neurectomy (denervation group, DENER) for right hind limb and seven mice served as control (wild type group, WT). Six mice were directly irradiated laser (wavelength: 660 nm, optical power: 10 mW, energy density: 3J) on bone by using minimal invasive laser probe in DENER group for 2weeks. The other six mice in DENER group served as sham treatment (sham group, SHAM). The mice were scanned at 0 week, before denervation, after 2weeks and after 4weeks by using in vivo micro-CT. Structural parameters and volume bone mineral density (vBMD, g/cm3) in the trabecular bone were measured. The vBMD(11%,p < 0.01), BV/TV (57%,p < 0.01), Tb.Th (23%,p < 0.05) and Tb.N (57%,p < 0.01) were significantly bigger and the Tb.Sp (42%,p < 0.05), SMI (62%,p < 0.05) and Tb.Pf (41%,p < 0.01) were significantly smaller in LASER group compared with SHAM group after 2weeks irradiation of laser. These results showed that the MILTS might keep bone quantity as well as quality during unloading. Therefore, the MILTS might be used for treatment of bone loss during unloading.

Analysis of factors affecting crestal bone loss around the implants

Park, Ji-Hoon,Kim, Young-Kyun,Yun, Pil-Young,Yi, Yang-Jin,Yeo, In-Sung,Lee, Hyo-Jung,Park, Jin-Young Korean Academy of Dental Science 2009 Journal of korean dental science Vol.2 No.2

Purpose : To determine whether peri-implant crestal bone loss could be affected by systemic disease, primary ISQ value, implantation method (submerged vs. non-submerged), surface treatment, and bone density Materials and methods : Patients who underwent fixture installation from June 24, 2005 to October 23, 2008 at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital were evaluated. A total of 157 patients (male: 52, female: 85) had 346 fixtures installed. Among them, 49 patients had periapical radiographs taken 1 year after prostheses were first set. A total of 97 fixtures were implanted. In particular, 30 fixtures were installed in patients with systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and liver disease. The immediate stability of implants was measured with $Osstell^{tm}$. Implant surface treatment was classified into two groups (RBM, Cellnest (Anodized)), and bone density, into four groups (D1~D4). The bone resorption on the mesial and distal areas of fixtures was measured with periapical radiographs using the paralleling technique, and the mean value was calculated. The length determination program in IMPAX (AGFA, Belgium) was used. Results : At least 332 out of 346 (96%) installed GS II implants were successfully osseointegrated 1 year after prostheses were first set. The mean value of the bone resorption of the installed GS II implants was 0.44mm. The minimum value was 0mm, and the maximum value, 2.85mm. There was a statistically significant difference between the implantation methods (submerged, non-submerged) with regard to the amount of alveolar bone loss 1 year after prostheses were first set (p<0.05). Non-submerged implants showed less crestal bone loss. Note, however, that other variables had no correlation with crestal bone loss (p>0.05). Conclusion : There was a statistically significant difference between the 1-stage method and 2-stage method with regard to the amount of alveolar bone loss 1 year after prostheses were first set. Systemic disease, primary ISQ value, surface treatment, and bone density were not associated with alveolar bone loss. Other variables were assumed to have a correlation with alveolar bone loss.

Korean Red Ginseng extract treatment prevents post-antibiotic dysbiosis-induced bone loss in mice

Ho Jun Kang,Nicholas Chargo,Soumya Chennupati,Kerri Neugebauer,Jae Youl Cho,Robert Quinn,Laura R. McCabe,Narayanan Parameswaran The Korean Society of Ginseng 2023 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.47 No.2

Background: The intestinal microbiota is an important regulator of bone health. In previous studies we have shown that intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, induced by treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics (ABX) followed by natural repopulation, results in gut barrier dysfunction and bone loss. We have also shown that treatment with probiotics or a gut barrier enhancer can inhibit dysbiosis-induced bone loss. The overall goal of this project was to test the effect of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) extract on bone and gut health using antibiotics (ABX) dysbiosis-induced bone loss model in mice. Methods: Adult male mice (Balb/C, 12-week old) were administered broad spectrum antibiotics (ampicillin and neomycin) for 2 weeks followed by 4 weeks of natural repopulation. During this 4-week period, mice were treated with vehicle (water) or KRG extract. Other controls included mice that did not receive either antibiotics or KRG extract and mice that received only KRG extract. At the end of the experiments, we assessed various parameters to assess bone, microbiota and in vivo intestinal permeability. Results: Consistent with our previous results, post-ABX- dysbiosis led to significant bone loss. Importantly, this was associated with a decrease in gut microbiota alpha diversity and an increase in intestinal permeability. All these effects including bone loss were prevented by KRG extract treatment. Furthermore, our studies identified multiple genera including Lactobacillus and rc4-4 as well as Alistipes finegoldii to be potentially linked to the effect of KRG extract on gut-bone axis. Conclusion: Together, our results demonstrate that KRG extract regulates the gut-bone axis and is effective at preventing dysbiosis-induced bone loss in mice.

The effects of different exercise modes for preventing endothelial dysfunction of arteries and bone loss in ovariectomized rats

( Jong Hoon Park ),( Nao Mi Omi ) 한국운동영양학회 2014 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.18 No.2

Jonghoon Park and Naomi Omi. The effects of different exercise modes for preventing endothelial dysfunction of arteries and bone loss in ovariectomized rats. JENB., Vol. 18, No. 2, pp.133-139, 2014 [Purpose]Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that there are positive correlations between vascular disorders and bone loss in postmenopausal women. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of different types of exercise (e.g., climbing and swimming) for preventing endothelial dysfunction of arteries and bone loss in ovariectomized rats. [Methods]Twenty Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly divided into three groups: ovariectomy (OVX) plus treatment with vitamin D3and nicotine (VDN) (control rats [Con], n = 7), which is an animal model for endothelial dysfunction and bone loss; voluntary climbing resistance exercise with OVX plus VDN (climbing rats [Clim],n = 6), and swimming exercise with OVX plus VDN (swimming rats [Swim], n = 7). The period of exercise training was 8 weeks. [Results]The endothelin-1 (ET-1) protein levels were significantly lower in the Clim and Swim groups than in the Con. The endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein levels were significantly higher in the Swim group than in the Con, but they did not differ between the Clim and Con groups. The cortical bone mineral density in the tibia and breaking energy of the femur were significantly higher in the Clim group than in the Con, but this positive effect was not seen in the Swim group. [Conclusion]Voluntary climbing exercise decreased arterial ET-1 protein levels and prevented bone loss in a postmenopause-model rat combining OVX and VDN. Conversely, swimming suppressed endothelial dysfunction of the arteries but did not prevent bone loss. Thus, the type of exercise should be cautiously chosen for enhancing vascular function and bone status, especially in females after menopause. [Keywords]weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing exercise, endothelial dysfunction, bone loss, ovariectomized rat