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사정변경의 원칙의 입법을 위한 검토 - 부동산 매매를 중심으로 -
최현숙 한국토지법학회 2017 土地法學 Vol.33 No.2
Despite the fact that clausula rebus sic stantibus is recognized as general principle and was suggested for legislation twice in civil law amendment, it has not been stipulated. Due to relationship with contract fidelity and ambiguity of the principle, it is the prime concern that it could lead to arbitral interpretation and damage the legal stability. However, it is fully recognized that there is a limitation in legally resolving the issue, and there is a general consensus that there is a need for the clausula rebus sic stantibus. Thus, this paper aims to suggest specific standard on ambiguity which prevents the principle from being stipulated. Especially, the study reviewed specific standard to apply the principle for real-estate sales as it is the most concerned field after applying the principle as it could rather protect the speculators. To apply the principle, there must be a change in circumstances that is unpredictable and uncontrollable. According to organization of specific cases based on domestic judicial precedents and overseas precedents and legislations to see what is included in the range of circumstances, there were war, unification, natural disaster, economic changes and legislative changes. As land speculation is largely affected by changes in legislation and policy, there is a need to limit the application of principle in cases which the cause of damaged equivalence is changes in legislation and policy with economic fluctuation in real-estate transaction. Thus, this study examined the characteristics of real-estate as the ground for limitation. As land in particular is an asset that could get limited principle of absolute ownership according to constitution based on the public concept of land ownership, it must not allocate the risk from equivalence damage to contracting party and prevent inequitable conduct of allocating to one party even if the price soar or plummet due to changes of legislation and policy. Thus, in real-estate transaction, land in particular, must include war, unification, economic changes due to natural disaster in the range of circumstance that is unpredictable and uncontrollable, and exclude the economic changes due to changes in legislation and policy. In this way, by applying the principle in real-estate transaction in case of unification, it could maintain equity between parties, and not protect the speculators by principle so that it could maintain the legal stability. 사정변경의 원칙이 판례에서 일반원칙으로 인정되고 있고, 민법개정안에서도 두 차례나 입법제안 되었으나 아직 명문화되지 않고 있다. 계약충실의 원칙과의 관계 그리고 사정변경의 원칙의 추상성으로 인하여 자의적 해석의 여지가 있고 이로 인하여 법적 안정성을 해치게 된다는 것이 주된 우려이다. 하지만 현재 법률만으로는 해결하지 못하는 한계는 충분히 인정되고 있고, 이를 해결하기 위해서 사정변경의 원칙이 필요함은 충분히 공감대를 형성하고 있다. 이에 본고에서는 사정변경의 원칙이 명문화되지 못하고 있는 원인인 추상성에 대해서 구체적 기준을 마련하고자 하였으며, 특히 사정변경의 원칙의 적용으로 인하여 투기세력을 오히려 보호하게 되는 결과로 이어질 수 있어 가장 우려가 되는 부동산거래의 경우에 사정변경의 원칙을 적용하기 위한 구체적인 기준을 검토하여 보았다. 사정변경의 원칙이 적용되기 위해서는 계약체결 당시에 당사자가 예측할 수 없고 제어할 수 없는 사정의 변경이 있어야 한다. 이러한 사정의 범위에 어떤 것이 포함되는지에 대해서 외국의 입법례와 판례 그리고 우리나라의 판례를 통해서 구체적 사안을 정리해본 결과 전쟁, 통일, 천재지변, 경제적 상황의 변동, 법령의 변경이 대표적이었다. 부동산 투기의 경우 법령의 변경이나 정책의 변경에 크게 좌우되기 때문에 부동산 거래에서 경제적 상황이 변동하여 등가관계가 파괴된 원인이 법령의 변경이나 정책의 변경으로 인한 경우에는 그 적용을 제한할 수 있어야 한다. 이에 그 제한의 근거로 부동산의 특징을 살펴보았다. 부동산 특히 토지의 경우 토지공개념에 따라 헌법에 의해 소유권 절대의 원칙이 제한 될 수 있는 재산이므로 법령의 변경이나 정책의 변경으로 인하여 가격이 폭등하거나 폭락한 경우라고 하더라도 등가관계 파괴로 인한 위험을 계약 당사자에게 배분하지 않고 일방이 부담하도록 하는 것이 형평에 반하지 않게 된다. 따라서 부동산 특히 토지의 거래에서는 예측할 수 없고 제어할 수 없는 사정의 범위에 전쟁, 통일, 천재지변으로 인한 경제사정의 변동은 포함되어야 하고, 법령의 변경이나 정책의 변경으로 인한 경제사정의 변동은 제외시켜야 할 것이다. 이렇게 함으로써 통일이 된 경우 부동산 거래에서 사정변경의 원칙을 적용하여 당사자간에 형평성을 유지할 수 있고, 투기세력을 사정변경의 원칙으로 보호하지 않음으로써 법적 안정성을 유지할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.
최현숙 민사법의 이론과 실무학회 2011 民事法理論과 實務 Vol.15 No.1
Children have not been matured yet physically and mentally, thus more positive supports are required than any other dependents so as to guarantee their rights to live and make them lead human life. Nonetheless, the issue on the child support has been distorted such like having to be done by parents wholly because it is a part of being solved between parents and children essentially. This attitude is causing results called ‘noninterference’ only rather than becoming solutions on the issue of the child support by being unable to be coincided with fast social developments. According to this, neglected children became to be grown up as members of the society who could not adapt themselves, and thus are becoming the core of social problems such as all kinds of crimes. As the child support is to bring up members of the society and is a very important thing for cultivating the future of a certain society, aggressive measures are required accordingly. Though our country has been endeavoring to elevate child’s rights by participating in UN Convention on the Rights of Child, children in Korea have not been recognized as the subject of rights yet, and also recognitions such like the nation and society have to positively protect and culture all children are very insufficient in addition to parents. Therefore, in order to make children become the subject of rights, and to practice aggressive supports on children after aiming it, researches of making standards on support’s degrees and methods suggested through juridical arrangements have to be made first, and then methods of ensuring implementations of child-support burdens shall be studied connectedly. In accordance with it, this study established the definition on the child support, and also proposed standards on support degrees and methods by considering children’s characteristics as dependents together with social requirements.
저자성 중심의 학술적 글쓰기에 대한 교수-학습 사례 고찰 - 경희대학교 <주제 연구> 강의를 중심으로
최현숙 경희대학교 후마니타스 교양교육연구소 2024 후마니타스 포럼 Vol.10 No.1
Academic writing is an essential liberal arts education in college education. University liberal arts education should enable learners to see and think from various perspectives beyond basic writing and engage in creative exploration activities based on critical and logical thinking skills. Accordingly, this paper seeks to examine the direction and necessity of author-centered academic writing through teaching-learning cases of author-centered academic writing conducted through direct lectures. In writing, authorship is conceptualized from various perspectives, and can be comprehensively explained as 'the author's identity and originality.' During the data collection process, we provide research and objective, verified data. The most commonly proposed method for securing authorship is the academic discourse community. Through interactions based on the diverse perspectives of learners with diverse majors and unique learners, original and creative problem-solving skills can be developed with a focus on authorship. The method in which learners accept, modify, and supplement the diverse opinions of other learners and create them using their own problem-solving abilities can ultimately become author-centered academic writing. Author-centered academic writing is completed when opinions from various perspectives are accepted and revised and supplemented through interaction with academics and professors. Such author-centered academic writing is also the ultimate value of university liberal arts education.
2000년 이후 학술논문에 나타난 북한이탈주민 사회통합 연구동향 분석
최현숙,임세영 인문사회 21 2019 인문사회 21 Vol.10 No.5
The purpose of this study was to examine the context of studies on North Korean defector social integration. In order to achieve this purpose, this study analyzed 28 papers from 2000 to 2019 related to North Korean defector social integration. The results of the study demonstrated that, first of all, research on social integration among North Korean defectors are gradually increased. Most of research use literature review method. Second, multiculturalism, multicultural spatial theory, interculturalism, and diaspora are regarded as important discussion point since the lack of intercultural understanding and one-way assimilation policy makes level of social integration of North Korean defectors low. The implications are the need for expansion of qualitative and mixed research, the need for subdivision of research subjects, and the need for research in consideration of environmental changes. 본 연구는 북한이탈주민 사회통합 논의의 맥락을 확인하기 위하여 2000년부터 2019년까지 국내학술지에 게재된 ‘북한이탈주민 사회통합’ 관련 28편의 논문을 문헌 분석하고 향후 시사점을 논의하였다. 연구결과 북한이탈주민의 사회통합에 대한 논의는 점차 증가추세이며 문헌분석 방법에 의한 연구가 대다수이다. 북한이탈주민 사회통합의 수준이 상호 문화적 이해부족과 일방향적인 동화정책으로 인해 미흡하다는 평가에 따라 다문화주의, 다문화공간론, 상호문화주의, 디아스포라 등의 논의가 대두되고 있다. 시사점으로 질적연구 및 혼합연구의 확대 필요, 연구대상의 세분화 필요, 환경의 변화를 고려한 연구의 필요를 제시하였다.