습성 나이관련황반변성에서 안축장이 초기 항혈관내피성장인자 치료 후 재발에 미치는 영향

조수연,이윤곤,한상윤,태기선,김종우,김철구,이동원,김재휘 대한안과학회 2019 대한안과학회지 Vol.60 No.1

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of axial length on the recurrence of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) after anti- vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. Methods: A retrospective review of the medical records for 45 eyes of 45 patients, who were diagnosed with neovascular AMD and treated with three ranibizumab injections per month, was performed. Axial length was compared between eyes with (recurrence group) and without (no recurrence group) recurrence of fluid during a 12-month follow-up period. In eyes with recurrence, the association between axial length and the time between the third injection and the first recurrence was also evaluated. Results: The axial length was measured at a mean of 20.6 ± 10.1 months after the diagnosis of neovascular AMD. The mean axial length at that time was 23.33 ± 0.90 mm. The mean axial length was 23.29 ± 0.96 mm in the recurrence group (n = 30) and 23.40 ± 0.79 mm in the no-recurrence group (n = 15). There was no difference in the axial length between the two groups (p = 0.709). In the recurrence group, the period between the third injection and the first recurrence was not associated with axial length (p =0.582). Conclusions: There was no significant difference in axial length between eyes with and without recurrence after initial treatment for wet AMD. In addition, the time to first recurrence was not significantly associated with axial length. Because the present study was retrospective and the sample size was small, further prospective studies with a better design are needed to more accurately assess the influence of axial length. 목적: 안축장이 습성 나이관련황반변성에서 항혈관내피성장인자 치료 후 재발에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 대상과 방법: 습성 나이관련황반변성으로 진단된 후 1개월 간격 ranibizumab 3회 주입술을 시행받은 45안을 대상으로 후향적 의무기록 분석을 시행하였다. 12개월의 경과 관찰기간 동안 재발을 보인 군을 ‘재발한 군’, 재발하지 않은 경우를 ‘재발하지 않은 군’으로 나누어 양 군 간에 안축장을 비교하였다. 재발한 군의 경우 안축장과 첫 재발까지의 기간 사이의 연관관계를 추가로 분석하였다. 결과: 습성 나이관련황반변성 진단 후 평균 20.6 ± 10.1개월에 안축장을 측정하였으며, 평균 안축장은 23.33 ± 0.90 mm였다. 재발한 군(n=30)과 재발하지 않은 군(n=15)을 비교하였을 때, 평균 안축장은 재발한 군에서의 23.29 ± 0.96 mm, 재발하지 않은 군에서 23.40 ± 0.79 mm로 양 군 사이에 유의한 차이는 없었다(p=0.709). 재발한 군에서 3회 주사로부터 첫 재발까지의 기간은 평균 6.3 ± 2.3개월이었으며, 상기 기간과 안축장 사이의 연관관계는 유의하지 않았다(p=0.582). 결론: 본 연구의 결과 습성 나이관련황반변성에 대한 초기 치료 후 재발한 군과 그렇지 않은 군 사이에 안축장의 유의한 차이는 없었으며, 재발까지의 기간 역시 안축장과 연관관계가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 본 연구가 소수의 안을 대상으로 한 후향적 연구라는 점을 고려하였을 때, 향후 보다 잘 설계된 전향적 연구를 통해 안축장의 영향을 보다 더 정확하게 평가하고자 하는 시도가 필요할 것이다.

안축장 길이와 시신경 유두의 사상판 두께, 전사상판 두께, 사상판 앞길이와의 상관관계

최다예(Da Ye Choi),한종철(Jong Chul Han),기창원(Chang Won Kee) 대한안과학회 2015 대한안과학회지 Vol.56 No.5

목적: 본 연구는 녹내장의 위험인자 중 하나인 근시안에서 안축장 길이가 사상판 두께, 전사상판 두께, 사상판 앞길이와 의미 있는 관련성이 있는지를 분석하고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 만 18-58세의 근시 외 다른 안과적 질환이 없는 30명 60안을 대상으로 스펙트럼영역 빛간섭단층촬영기(Spectral Domain Optical Coherene Tomography, SD-OCT)를 이용하여 Enhanced Depth Imaging (EDI) 방법으로 시신경유두의 상부(위 1/3 지점), 중심, 하부(아래 1/3 지점)에서 각각 사상판 두께, 전사상판 두께, 사상판 앞길이를 측정하였다. 안축장의 길이와 사상판 두께, 전사상판 두께, 사상판 앞길이와의 관련성을 각각 선형혼합효과모델(linear mixed model)을 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과: 안축장은 사상판 전체 평균두께 및 상부, 중심부 두께와 유의한 상관관계가 없었으나, 하부의 사상판 두께와는 유의하게 음의선형관계를 나타냈다(p=0.019, β=-7.34). 안축장과 전사상판 두께는 전체 평균두께 및 상부, 중심부, 하부에서 모두 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 안축장과 사상판 앞길이의 평균두께(p=0.022, β=-17.17) 및 중심부(p=0.026, β=-16.18), 하부(p=0.006, β=-20.63)의 두께는 유의하게 음의 선형관계를 나타냈으며, 상부에서는 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 결론: 근시안에서 안축장의 길이가 길어질수록 시신경 유두의 아래쪽 사상판 두께가 유의하게 얇아지는 경향을 보이고 사상판 앞길이의 평균두께가 얇아지는 경향을 보인다. <대한안과학회지 2015;56(5):745-752> Purpose: In this study we determined the correlation of axial length to lamina cribrosa thickness (LCT), prelaminar tissue thick-ness (PT), and anterior laminar displacement (ALD) in young healthy eyes. Methods: The optic discs of 60 eyes from 30 young healthy subjects with myopia were scanned using enhanced-depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Spectralis OCT, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). The LCT, PT, and ALD were measured at the superior midperipheral, middle, and inferior midperipheral of the optic nerve head, respectively. A linear mixed-effects model was used to determine the relationship between the axial length and the LCT, axial length and PT as well as axial length and ALD. Results: The mean, superior midperipheral, and middle LCT were not significantly correlated with axial length. Conversely, the inferior midperipheral LCT was negatively correlated with axial length (p = 0.019, β = -7.34). There was no significant association between axial length and PT. Mean ALD was negatively correlated with axial length (p = 0.022, β = -17.17). Conclusions: In the present study, the inferior midperipheral LCT and mean ALD were negatively correlated with axial length, but PT showed no significant association with axial length. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2015;56(5):745-752

Study of Correlation between Macular Thickness, Retina Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Axial Length according to Refractive Errors in Children

Hyung-Seok Choi,Hyun-Sung Leem 대한시과학회 2018 대한시과학회지 Vol.20 No.4

목적: 굴절이상별 세 그룹으로 분류한 우리나라 아동들의 안축장과 빛간섭단층촬영(OCT)로 측정한 황반두께, 망막신경섬유층두께 사이의 상관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 안질환이 없고 안과관련 수술 경험이 없는 아동 67명(134안)을 대상으로 원시, 정시, 근시 그룹으로 분류하였다. 황반부와 망막신경섬유층두께는 Cirrus HD-OCT를 이용하여 측정하였고, 안축장은 IOL Master를 이용하여 측정하였다. 결과: 안축장은 근시, 정시, 원시그룹 순서로 길게 측정되었다(p<0.05). 중심부황반의 두께는 근시, 정시, 원시그룹 순서로 두껍게 측정되었다(p<0.05). 주변부황반부는위쪽, 코쪽, 아래쪽부분에서 근시그룹이 가장 얇았다(p<0.05).황반의 중심부 두께는 안축장과 양의 상관관계가 있었다(r=0.283, p<0.05). 주변부 황반의 두께는 모두 안축장과 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 귀쪽망막신경섬유층두께(Temporal RNFL Thickness)는 근시그룹이 가장 두꺼운 결과를 보였고,안축장과통계적으로 유의한 양의상관성이 나타났다(r=0.39, p<0.05). 위쪽과 코쪽, 아래쪽의 망막신경섬유층 두께는 안축장과 모두 음의 상관성을 나타냈다. 코쪽 부분의 두께는 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다(r=-0.23, p<0.05). 결론: 본 연구를 통해 우리나라 소아들의 OCT로 측정한 망막의 황반부의 두께, 망막신경섬유층의 두께와 안축장은 근시의 정도가 높을수록 안축장의 길이가 더 길게 측정되었으며, 굴절이상별 세 그룹에서 나타나는 차이점을 확인하였다. Purpose : We identified correlation between macular thickness and RNFL (retina nerve fiber layer) measured by OCT and axial length in Korean children divided as three groups according to refractive errors. Methods : In total, 134 eyes of 67 Korean children who experienced no eye disease and ophthalmology surgery were involved in this study and then divided as three groups such as hyperopic, emmetropic and myopic groups. Macular thickness and RNFL thickness were measured with Cirrus HD-OCT, and axial length was done with IOL Master.Macular thickness and RNFL thickness were measured by Cirrus HD-OCT, and axial length using IOL Master. Correlation between axial length and retinal thickness in three groups according to refractive errors was investigated. Results : The type of refractive error measured by axial length was myopic, emmetropic and hyperopic groups in order, showing significant difference (p<0.05). The center thickness of macular was myopic, emmetropic and hyperopic groups in order, showing significant difference(p<0.05). The thicknesses of superior, nasal and inferior regions in peripheral macula were the thinnest in myopic group (p<0.05). It was shown that positive correlation was found between the center thickness of macula and axial length (r=0.283, p<0.05), while negative correlation was found between the peripheral thickness of RNFL and axial length. The temporal thickness of RNFL represented the thickest in myopic group, showing positive correlation with axial length(r=0.39, p<0.05). The superior, nasal and inferior thickness of RNFL represented negative correlation with axial length, showing statistically significant in the nasal thickness of RNFL(r=-0.23, p<0.05). Conclusion : Through this study, we identified correlation between macular thickness, the thickness of RNFL and axial length using OCT in Korean children, and also found the differences in three refractive error groups.

아동들의 굴절이상에 따른 안축장과 황반두께, 망막신경섬유층 두께의 상관성연구

최형석,임현성 대한시과학회 2018 대한시과학회지 Vol.20 No.4

Purpose : We identified correlation between macular thickness and RNFL (retina nerve fiber layer) measured by OCT and axial length in Korean children divided as three groups according to refractive errors. Methods : In total, 134 eyes of 67 Korean children who experienced no eye disease and ophthalmology surgery were involved in this study and then divided as three groups such as hyperopic, emmetropic and myopic groups. Macular thickness and RNFL thickness were measured with Cirrus HD-OCT, and axial length was done with IOL Master.Macular thickness and RNFL thickness were measured by Cirrus HD-OCT, and axial length using IOL Master. Correlation between axial length and retinal thickness in three groups according to refractive errors was investigated. Results : The type of refractive error measured by axial length was myopic, emmetropic andhyperopic groups in order, showing significant difference (p<0.05). The center thickness of macular was myopic, emmetropic and hyperopic groups in order, showing significant difference(p<0.05). The thicknesses of superior, nasal and inferior regions in peripheral macula were the thinnest in myopic group (p<0.05). It was shown that positive correlation was found between the center thickness of macula and axial length (r=0.283, p<0.05), while negative correlation was found between the peripheral thickness of RNFL and axial length. The temporal thickness of RNFL represented the thickest in myopic group, showing positive correlation with axial length(r=0.39, p<0.05). The superior, nasal and inferior thickness of RNFL represented negative correlation with axial length, showing statistically significant in the nasal thickness of RNFL(r=-0.23, p<0.05). Conclusion : Through this study, we identified correlation between macular thickness, thethickness of RNFL and axial length using OCT in Korean children, and also found the differences in three refractive error groups. 목적: 굴절이상별 세 그룹으로 분류한 우리나라 아동들의 안축장과 빛간섭단층촬영(OCT)로 측정한 황반두께, 망막신경섬유층두께 사이의 상관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 안질환이 없고 안과관련 수술 경험이 없는 아동 67명(134안)을 대상으로 원시, 정시, 근시 그룹으로 분류하였다. 황반부와 망막신경섬유층두께는 Cirrus HD-OCT를 이용하여 측정하였고, 안축장은 IOL Master를 이용하여 측정하였다. 결과: 안축장은 근시, 정시, 원시그룹 순서로 길게 측정되었다(p<0.05). 중심부황반의 두께는 근시, 정시, 원시그룹 순서로 두껍게 측정되었다(p<0.05). 주변부황반부는위쪽, 코쪽, 아래쪽부분에서 근시그룹이 가장 얇았다(p<0.05).황반의 중심부 두께는 안축장과 양의 상관관계가 있었다(r=0.283, p<0.05). 주변부 황반의 두께는 모두 안축장과 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 귀쪽망막신경섬유층두께(Temporal RNFL Thickness)는 근시그룹이 가장 두꺼운 결과를 보였고,안축장과통계적으로 유의한 양의상관성이 나타났다(r=0.39, p<0.05). 위쪽과 코쪽, 아래쪽의 망막신경섬유층 두께는 안축장과 모두 음의 상관성을 나타냈다. 코쪽 부분의 두께는 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다(r=-0.23, p<0.05). 결론: 본 연구를 통해 우리나라 소아들의 OCT로 측정한 망막의 황반부의 두께, 망막신경섬유층의 두께와 안축장은 근시의 정도가 높을수록 안축장의 길이가 더 길게 측정되었으며, 굴절이상별 세 그룹에서 나타나는 차이점을 확인하였다.

미숙아의 안축장에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 분석

박대일,하성우,박성배,윤영수,Dae Il Park,MD,Sung Woo Ha,MD,Seong Bae Park,MD,Young Soo Yun,MD 대한안과학회 2010 대한안과학회지 Vol.51 No.1

Purpose: To analyze the effect of presence with or absent of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and its stage, birth weight, conceptual age and associated diseases on the axial length of premature infants’ eye. Methods: A total of 102 eyes of 51 premature infants less than 36 weeks of conceptual age were evaluated in this study. Fundus examination for ROP and axial length measurement were conducted at 40, 52 and 64 weeks of postconceptual age. The medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Independent t-test analysis, simple regression analysis, and one-way ANOVA were performed to assess the influence of each factor on axial length. Results: The mean axial length at 40, 52 and 64 weeks were 17.35, 18.80 and 19.78 mm, respectively. The mean axial length with and without ROP at 40 weeks were 17.10 mm and 17.54 mm, respectively, which were statistically significant (p=0.000). There was a significant decrease in axial length at 40 weeks in the higher ROP stage (p<0.05). Axial length and birth weight showed positive correlation with statistical significance at 40 weeks, while these parameters showed no significant correlation at 64 weeks. Axial length and conceptual age showed a positive correlation with statistical significance at 40 weeks (p=0.000), yet a negative correlation at 64 weeks with no statistical significance (p=0.306). A significant difference was not observed between sex and the associated diseases. Conclusions: The factors that affect the axial length of an infants’eye at 40 weeks were ROP and its stage, birth weight, and conceptual age. Additionally, there was no significant relationship between sex and the associated diseases. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2010;51(1):81-87

굴절부등안과 동등안의 양안 굴절요소 차이 비교

심현석,심준범,김은석 한국안광학회 2011 한국안광학회지 Vol.16 No.2

Purpose: This study was to compare differences between both eyes in corneal powers, axial lengths, anterior chamber depths in anisometropia and isometropia, and to investigate the relationship between anisometropia and refractive components. Methods: The subject was a total of 83 patients, anisometropia 45 patients (90 eyes) and isometropia 38 patients (76 eyes) from 2.7 to 15.3 years old, prescribed eyeglasses and contact lenses by refraction from July 2010 to August 2010 in Gwangju City B eye clinic. Axial length, anterior chamber depth, corneal curvature, and corneal refractive power were measured using IOL Master. Refractive error was measured using an Auto-refractometer. Results: Anisometropia was a statistically significant difference in axial length, binocular refractive components, refractive error, and axial length, Axial length/corneal radius (AL/CR) ratio showed a statistically significant difference in anisometropia and isometropia. The major cause of anisometropia all 45 subjects was the axial length. Among the refractive components axial length, AL/CR had a strong correlation, but corneal refractive power had no correlation. Anterior chamber depth had a weak correlation. Conclusions: This study found that refractive error was the most axial ametropia caused by the axial length. The main cause of anisometropia was the axial length, but refractive components had a weak correlation. 목적: 굴절부등안과 동등안에서 안축장, 각막굴절력, 전방깊이, 안축장/각막곡률반경 비 등의 차이를 비교하여 굴 절요소와 굴절부등의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 본 연구는 2010년 8월부터 2010년 9월까지 광주광역시 B 병원에서 굴절검사를 통해 안경과 콘택트렌즈 처방을 받고자 하는 환자 중 2.7~15.3세 총 83명, 굴절부등안 45명(90 안)과 굴절동등안 38명(76안)을 대상으로 하였다. IOL Master를 이용 안축장과 전방깊이, 각막곡률반경, 각막굴절력 을 측정하였고, Auto-refractometer를 이용하여 굴절이상을 측정하였다. 결과: 굴절부등안은 안축장이 유의하게 차이 가 났으며, 굴절부등안과 동등안에서 굴절이상, 안축장, 안축장/각막곡률반경 비 등이 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있 었다. 굴절부등을 일으키는 요인은 45명 전원이 안축장으로 나타났다. 굴절요소 중 안축장, 안축장/각막곡률반경 비 는 상관성이 높았고, 각막굴절력은 상관이 없었으며 전방깊이는 상관성이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 굴절이상은 대부분 안축장에 의한 축성 비정시이었으며, 굴절부등의 원인도 다른 굴절요소와는 상관성이 적고, 안축장 차이가 주된 원인임을 알 수 있었다.

혼탁한 친수성 아크릴 인공수정체안의 초음파 생체계측계를 이용한 안축장 측정

김상혁,최시환,Sang Hyuk Kim,Si Hwan Choi 대한안과학회 2008 대한안과학회지 Vol.49 No.9

Purpose: To investigate the accuracy of measuring ultrasonic axial lengths using A-scan (Ocuscan®, Alcon, USA) on opaque intraocular lenses after hydrophilic lens (ACRL-160®, Ophthalmed, USA) implantation. Methods: We measured axial length through ultrasonic biometry prior to intraocular lens exchange. Twelve eyes of 14 patients who had intraocular lens opacity following hydrophilic acryl lens implantation were examined in a clinical study. We compared pre-cataract operative axial lengths to pre-IOL exchange axial lengths. The pre-IOL exchange axial lengths were measured in aphakic and pseudophakic modes. In the pseudophakic mode, the ultrasound velocity through an IOL was set at a rate ranging between 1,500 m/sec to 2,200 m/sec. Results: The pre-IOL exchange axial lengths in the pseudophakic mode at the rate of 1,600 m/sec in lens velocity were the closest to pre-cataract operative values (p=0.88). Conclusions: When pre-cataract operative axial length is known with a hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens, previous values may be used for IOL exchange of an opacity patient. If not, however, the closest values to pre-cataract operative axial lengths may be obtained by setting the velocity in the pseudophakic mode to a lens velocity rate of 1,600 m/sec. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2008;49(9):1453-1460

근시환자에서 스펙트럼영역 빛간섭단층촬영기를 이용한 굴절력 및 안축장에 따른 맥락막두께의 변화

김은주,김지현,구성현,이규원,이정호 대한안과학회 2012 대한안과학회지 Vol.53 No.12

Purpose: To investigate the choroidal thickness changes with the Enhanced Depth Imaging (EDI) technique according to refractive errors and axial length in Korean myopia patients. Methods: A total of 90 eyes from 90 patients with myopia (between the ages of 19 and 39 years) underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)-EDI evaluations. Spherical equivalent was measured by cycloplegic refraction and axial length was obtained by IOL master?. The subfoveal choroidal thickness was analyzed according to age, sex, axial length and spherical equivalent by linear correlations. Results: The average age of all subjects was 25.44 years, mean spherical equivalent was -5.06 diopter (D), mean axial length was 25.70 mm, and mean choroidal thickness was 281.47 μm. In a multiple regression model, the patients’ age had no statistical effect on subfoveal choroidal thickness. Subfoveal choroidal thickness decreased by 13.58 μm per -1D increase in refractive errors and by 33.99 μm per 1 mm increase in axial length when adjusted for sex and age. In addition, subfoveal choroidal thickness was 59.82 μm thicker in men than in women when adjusted for axial length and spherical equivalent (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Among young Korean myopia patients, subfoveal choroidal thickness was significantly related with refractive errors and axial length. Moreover, choroidal thickness was thicker in men than women when adjusted for refractive errors and axial length.

황반원공과 안축장과의 관계: 환자-대조군 연구

조용운,이동우,최영제,최유진,유웅선,정인영 한국망막학회 2021 Journal of Retina Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: To compare the axial length between patients with macular hole and a control group. Methods: The axial length was compared and analyzed for 100 eyes of 100 patients diagnosed with idiopathic full thickness macular hole, fellow eyes of patients, and 100 eyes of 100 age-matched control subjects who underwent cataract surgery. Results: The average axial length was 22.71 ± 0.92 mm in eyes of patients with macular hole and was 22.81 ± 0.89 mm in fellow eyes of patients. There was no significant difference between axial length of eyes with macular hole and fellow eyes of patients (p = 0.477). The average axial length was 23.37 ± 0.68 mm in the control group. There were statistically significant differences between the axial length of eyes with macular hole and fellow eyes of patients compared to that in the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Patients with idiopathic macular hole showed significantly shorter axial length compared to the control group, and this might be considered a triggering factor of macular hole. 목적: 황반원공 환자와 대조군에서 안축장을 비교하고 그 차이를 알고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 한 눈에 특발성 전층황반원공으로 진단받은 100명을 대상으로 원공이 발생한 100안과 원공이 발생하지 않은 반대쪽 100안, 동일 연령대의 백내장수술을 시행한 대조군 100명 100안을 대상으로 안축장을 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 황반원공이 발생한 눈에서 안축장 길이는 평균 22.71 ± 0.92 mm였고, 반대쪽의 건강한 눈은 22.81 ± 0.89 mm로 유의한차이가 없었다(p = 0.477). 대조군에서 안축장 길이는 23.37 ± 0.68 mm로 측정되었다. 황반원공안과 대조군을 비교했을 때와 황반원공 환자의 반대쪽 건강한 눈과 대조군을 비교했을 때 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p < 0.001). 결론: 특발성 황반원공에서 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 짧은 안축장 길이가 확인되었고 이는 황반원공의 유발 요인으로 고려 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

수평사시 환아에서 수평직근후전술의 수술 결과에 대한 근시 및 안축장 길이의 영향

이원석,이종복,한승한,Won-Seok Lee,Jong-Bok Lee,Seung-Han Han 대한안과학회 2011 대한안과학회지 Vol.52 No.4

Purpose: To assess the influence of axial length for surgical outcome of horizontal recti recession in children with horizontal strabismus. Methods: A retrospective, non-comparative case series. 100 patients, 96 males and 44 females with unilateral or bilateral high myopia and strabismus surgery was performed. All patients had horizontal recti recession and no combined vertical strabismus. There was no history of any ocular trauma or surgery and no history of any other systemic diseases that affect ocular motility. After horizontal recti recession, the patients were followed-up for more than one year. Data was analyzed using SPSS Software for Windows, version 12.0.1. Results: In 100 children, the mean axial length was 23.21 ± 1.38 mm (range, 19.63-26.50 mm) and the mean age was 7.43 ± 2.86 years (range, 1-14 years). Lateral rectus recession was in 89 cases, and medial rectus recession was done in 11 cases. After operation, 86 cases were fully corrected, 11 cases were under corrected and 3 cases were over corrected. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed revealing that, preoperative angle of deviation (p-value 0.062) and axial length (p-value 0.05) were highly correlated with surgical outcome. Conclusions: Age, preoperative angle of deviation, and axial length may influence the surgical outcome of horizontal recti recession in children. In eyes with long axial length, the surgical outcome of horizontal recti recession appears to be poorer than that in eyes with short axial lengths. Adjusting the recession amounts when performing horizontal recti recessions in long axial length eyes may provide better results. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2011;52(4):472-476