의료기관의 식자재 공급자 선정기준에 영향을 미치는 요인 분석

김정리,최성경,곽동경 대한영양사협회 2002 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.8 No.4

The purposes of this study were to find factor which influence en the selection criteria of food supplier. Questionnaire were distributed to 52 general hospitals with more than 400 beds located in Seoul and Kyongin province, and responded questionnaires were collected from 44 dietetic departments(84.6%) and 18 purchasing departments(34.6%). The main results of this study can be summarized as follows: (1) Supplier selection criteria include quality, service, cost and supplier competency. (2) With having been met with tight competition and market opening, hospitals plan a strategy to improve quality, service and they tend to have more interest in various supplier selection criteria. (3) Purchasing departments estimate more highly the rate of reflection in considering supplier selection criteria than the rate of importance about cost criteria, which reveals that purchasing departments sensitively respond to cost cutdown. (4) When selecting suppliers, a significant(p<0.01) influence of stability of supplier industry environment on the selecting criteria such as the importances of quality, service, and supplier quality are recognized only after recognizing the stability of food delivery industry. Food supplier industry secures stability more quickly through major companies' participation in food distribution industry and this will reveal the importance of supplier selection criteria. (5) Suppliers which are selected by the quality criteria, service criteria, supplier quality criteria make efforts to communicate with foodservice departments, to give more proper information about substitute food, new product, and to make commitments, while suppliers which are decided by cost criteria do not establish supportive relationships with foodservice departments.

An Evaluation Model for Multi-Supplier Selection Based on Influence Diagram, DEMATEL and ANP

이진우 한국경영교육학회 2008 경영교육연구 Vol.51 No.-

Supplier selection problem is a multi-criteria problem that includes a both qualitative and quantitative factor. There are a lot of papers for supplier selection. Prior research for supplier chain designs problem does not reflect filtering step to suggested supplier before the decision maker applicable to the traditional methodology for considered alternatives. Recently, there are a lot of supplier for one item or various items to companies. Before the application to the traditional methodology for supplier selection, Decision makers need to filter from a lot of considering supplier. The purpose of this study is to present an integrated decision-making process that could cope with the interdependencies among criteria and to demonstrate how to lessen the number of first suggested suppliers for applicable to more simple ANP methodology step. Supplier selection problem is a multi-criteria problem that includes a both qualitative and quantitative factor. There are a lot of papers for supplier selection. Prior research for supplier chain designs problem does not reflect filtering step to suggested supplier before the decision maker applicable to the traditional methodology for considered alternatives. Recently, there are a lot of supplier for one item or various items to companies. Before the application to the traditional methodology for supplier selection, Decision makers need to filter from a lot of considering supplier. The purpose of this study is to present an integrated decision-making process that could cope with the interdependencies among criteria and to demonstrate how to lessen the number of first suggested suppliers for applicable to more simple ANP methodology step.

공급자개발 성숙도모형이 ERP 확산과 SCM 성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

Jang-Gwen Song,Kyung-Hye Park 한국유통과학회 2016 유통과학연구 Vol.14 No.5

Purpose – In case of automobile parts, there has been a lot of progress in the study on supplier development plans and SCM in industrial progress study as well as on the relationship between ERP and SCM. But supplier development program providers have researched on SCM performance in accordance with the interests of the supplier development program most, thus, buyers were knowledgeable about the earlier program performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to prove correlation factor, supplier factor, purchaser factor affecting SCM performance and ERP activating diffusion through the process of supplier development. Supplier development maturity formation model is considered important variables as mediators related to the procedure. Finally, the performance formation model of the supplier development maturity through supplier development factor would be presented as the outcome of this study. Research design, data, and methodology – Data gathering was as follows: questionnaires were delivered to 87 companies that have business connection with H Company. The empirical research to test our hypothesis was grounded on statistical analysis (adapting SPSS 19.0 & AMOS 19.0). The hypothesis is that the supplier development factor variables consist of correlation factor, supplier factor, purchaser factor, and have non-negative effects on the next variables: mediators such as supplier development maturity; and the supplier development maturity variables have a positive effect on the next variables: ERP activating diffusion, ERP activating diffusion has a non-negative effect on supply chain performance. We experimented the hypothesized model using path analysis with latent variables. Results – First, it was known that cooperation <H1>, reliability <H2>, comprehension on the purpose of SDP <H3>, adaptation of change <H4>, knowledge transfer program <H5>, have significant positive effects on supplier development maturity. Second, supplier development maturity has positive effects significantly on ERP activating diffusion <H6>. Finally, the causal relationships from ERP activating diffusion to SCM performance <H7> were significantly accepted. Its significance, as through the hypotheses, presented a structural model for the elaboration, suppliers develop maturity, and ultimately SCM performance that affect ERP leveraging spread beyond the concept of maturity of information system. Therefore, it was a mainstay of research on the existing ERP has they believed. Conclusion – First, with the fast changes in business circumstances, company should get the right information to implement SCM appropriately. For successful SCM, firms should understand the supplier development maturity formation and ERP activating diffusion. Second, supplier development factor has significant effects on supplier development maturity. Third, mediator such as supplier development maturity significantly affects ERP activating diffusion. Finally, ERP activating diffusion has significant impacts on SCM performance. This study makes a meaningful contribution to further appreciation on how supplier development maturity formation affects SCM performance. This study shows implications. First, there would not have been dealt with introducing the concept of supplier development maturity. Second, through empirical analysis and provider factors, the providers will develop the maturity that affect interactive factors between purchaser and supplier.

공급업체 선정을 위한 기계학습 방법 응용

김기태 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2016 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.6 No.11

This paper deals with the solution method for the supplier selection problem. Most manufacturing companies purchase raw materials or components from other companies, so called, suppliers. A company usually can choose one or some suppliers out of all qualified suppliers. Since the quality of the product is directly related with the suppliers, the supplier selection is an important problem in the supply chain management. Selecting suppliers consists of three main steps: definition of criteria, selection of qualified suppliers, and selection of final suppliers. The first step is to define the factors to evaluate suppliers, which is up to the policy of the company. The second step is a classification problem that selects the qualified suppliers from all eligible suppliers. The last step is to allocate order quantities to the final suppliers out of qualified suppliers. This paper focuses on the second step of the classification problem. We apply data mining methods for the classifying the suppliers, compare the performances, and analyze the results. In particular, when the data is not balanced, the performance of support vector machine shows low performance. 본 연구는 공급업체 선정문제에 대한 해법을 다룬다. 대부분의 제조업체는 공급업체 또는 공급자라고 부르는 다른 업체로부터 원재료나 부품을 구매하여 제품을 생산한다. 일반적으로 제조업체는 검증이 된 업체 중에서 하나나 그 이상의 공급업체를 선정하게 된다. 제품의 품질이 공급업체와 직접적인 관련을 가지기 때문에, 공급업체 선정은 공급사슬관리에서 중요한 문제이다. 공급업체를 선정하는 것은 크게 세 가지 단계로 구성된다: 선정기준 정의, 자격있는 업체 선정, 최종업체 선정. 첫 번째 단계는 공급업체를 평가할 요소들을 정의하는 것인데, 기업의 정책에 좌우된다. 두 번째 단계는 가능한 업체 중에서 자격이 있는 업체를 선정하는 문제로 분류문제라고 할 수 있다. 마지막 단계는 자격있는 업체 중에서 최종으로 주문량을 할당하여 최종 공급업체를 선정하는 단계이다. 본 연구는 분류문제인 두 번째 문제에 중점을 둔다. 우리는 데이터 마이닝 방법들을 사용하여 공급업체들을 분류하고 이들의 성과를 비교하고 분석한다. 특히, 데이터가 균형이 맞지 않은 경우에는 support vector machine의 경우에 성능에서 많은 차이가 생길 수 있다.

Early Supplier Involvement in New Product Development under Moral and Technological Uncertainty

류사시(Liu, Xiaoxi),김병조(Kim, Byung Cho) 한국상품학회 2020 商品學硏究 Vol.38 No.2

Over the past few decades, technology firms involve their suppliers in the new product development process, aiming to achieve cost and time reduction and efficiency improvement. Successful early supplier involvement (ESI) can be beneficial for technology firms, while the moral and technological uncertainty of suppliers can negatively affect the outcomes of new product development (NPD) as well. In this context, we study a two-echelon supply chain composed of a material supplier providing specific components of the new product and a technology firm. A literature review in terms of ESI in NPD process, supplier uncertainty, and the incentive mechanism for supply chain collaboration is provided. We consider two types of suppliers, faithful supplier who exerts sufficient effort to develop the specific components to the quality required by the technology firm and unfaithful supplier who is reluctant to invest sufficient time, investment, and efforts to satisfy the quality requirement of the technology firm. In this paper, given the supplier’s moral and technological uncertainty, we provide a three-stage analytical model to explore how technology firms should make decisions about the supplier’s involvement level and the pricing strategy of the new product. The results show that the retail price and wholesale price of low-quality products increase with suppliers’ moral uncertainty. With high moral uncertainty of suppliers, the retail price and wholesale price of low-quality products increase with suppliers’ technological uncertainty; with low moral uncertainty of suppliers, the prices of low-quality products decrease with suppliers’ technological uncertainty. Furthermore, the involvement level decreases with suppliers’ moral uncertainty and technological uncertainty. We also examine the effects of two incentive mechanisms, including penalty contract and revenue sharing contract, on motivating the supplier to participate in new product development faithfully. The result shows that the penalty contract is more favorable to the technology firm than the revenue sharing contract.

구매자와 공급자 간 협력활동이 신뢰 및 성과에 미치는 영향: 거버넌스의 조절효과를 중심으로

김경태,Liang Hui,Jung-Seung Lee 한국유통과학회 2016 유통과학연구 Vol.14 No.8

Purpose - This paper aims to examine the impact of buyer-supplier cooperation on suppliers’ trust on buyers and the moderating role of buyers’ governance mechanism between the sharing activities and trust. Research design, data, and methodology - An integrated research model is designed to materialize the research hypotheses. First, the impact of buyer-supplier cooperation is empirically analyzed by looking into how the sharing activities, in the field of information, resource, and knowledge, of buyer with supplier will affect the trust of supplier on buyer. Second, the moderating effect of contract-based governance mechanism of buyer is empirically analyzed. Third, the influence of trust on innovation performance of suppler is empirically analyzed. Results - Our findings provide supporting evidence for some of our hypotheses. First, all of the sharing activities are significantly influential, but in different degree, to trust of supplier. Second, contract-based governance mechanism of buyer have a moderating effect on the relationship between sharing activities and trust, positively in resource-sharing activities, negatively in information-sharing activities, not significant in knowledge-sharing activities. Third, supplier’s trust on buyer positively affects supplier’s own innovation performance. Conclusions - The strategies applied in supply chain management have become important as the competition among firms has shifted from competition between individual firms to competition between supply chains. A customer’s sharing activities with its supplier may contribute to an increase in innovation performance. The supplier’s information-sharing activity with its customer could affect its information-sharing activities with its main supplier. Cooperative activity with a partner in the supply chain is cultivated and amassed into relationship knowledge, and this study shows that the cooperative relational knowledge related to information-sharing activities enables firms to participate in sharing activities with their main suppliers. Increasing evidence shows that sharing various activities between buyer and supplier improves trust and performance outcomes, and enables firms to maintain competitive advantage. From the perspective of knowledge theory, external knowledge is becoming more important in firms’ innovation activities, because innovative knowledge is acquired primarily through interaction with another organization. In addition, relationship learning could be an important tool in absorbing the supplier’s core technology, information, expertise, and core competencies, increasing relational value.

민간 항공기 제조업 아웃소싱 협력사 성과평가에 대한 연구

김종세,홍재범 대한경영학회 2019 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.32 No.8

The importance of outsourcing is increasing in the rapidly changing business environment such as the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Especially, the competence of suppliers is becoming a source of competitiveness for the companies in the manufacturing industry. Successful outsourcing requires efforts to select and foster competitive outsourcing suppliers, which are critical to outsourcing suppliers. It is important to evaluate supplier performance in the process. However, comparing to outsourcing supplier selection, there are not many studies on performance evaluation that are directly related to actual performance. This study analyzes outsourcing supplier performance evaluation method for commercial aircraft manufacturing industry. Commercial aircraft manufacturing industry requires a variety of manufacturing processes, complex and many types of components, and requires high technology and high quality. The ratio of outsourcing is higher than other industries. Moreover, considering the fact that all production processes of outsourcing suppliers cannot be directly managed, the performance evaluation method of outsourcing suppliers is very important. While study proceeded, the evaluation factors were summarized based on the relevant literature, and the evaluation factors, which were suitable for commercial aircraft manufacturing industry, were structured by conducting a survey for outsourcing evaluation staffs and supplier managers. The evaluation model was constructed by assigning the relative importance between evaluation factors using AHP. Using the established performance evaluation model, the evaluation was conducted for outsourcing suppliers and the results were analyzed. Finally, the outsourcing supplier operation plan was derived using IPA. In this study, there is a difference in perception of performance evaluation between customers and suppliers, and practical implications were suggested for future development of cooperative relationships. In order to foster new suppliers in the long term, it is necessary to transfer from the performance-based evaluation to the capacity-based evaluation. The evaluation method shall be continuously improved for the exertion of existing suppliers and the motivation of potential suppliers. 4차 산업혁명 등 급변하는 경영환경 하에서 아웃소싱의 중요성은 높아지고 있다. 특히 제조업의 경우 협력사의 역량이 해당 기업의 경쟁력의 원천이 되고 있다. 성공적인 아웃소싱을 위해서는 경쟁력 있는 아웃소싱 협력사를 선정하고 이를 육성하는 노력이 필요하며이 과정에서 중요한 것이 아웃소싱 협력사의 평가이다. 그러나 아웃소싱 협력사 선정에 비해 실제 경영성과와직결되는 성과평가에 관한 연구는 많지 않다. 본 연구는 민간 항공기 제조업을 대상으로 아웃소싱 협력사 성과평가방법을 분석한 것이다. 민간 항공기제조업은 다양한 제작 공정과 복잡하고 많은 종류의 부품이 소요되고 고도의 기술력과 높은 품질이 요구된다. 타 산업군에 비해 아웃소싱 비율도 높다. 더구나, 아웃소싱 협력사의 모든 생산과정을 직접 관리할 수 없는실정을 고려하면 아웃소싱 협력사의 성과평가 방식 고도화는 매우 중요한 문제이다. 협력사 성과평가방법을 분석하기 위해 우선, 관련 문헌을 토대로 평가요인을 정리하였으며 아웃소싱 평가실무자와 협력사 관리자를 대상으로 한 설문을 진행하여 민간 항공기 제조업 협력사평가에 적합한 평가요인을구조화하였다. 그리고 AHP를 활용하여 평가 요인간 상대적 중요도를 부여하여 평가모형을 구축하였다. 구축된 성과평가 모형을 활용하여 아웃소싱 협력사를 대상으로 평가를 실시하고 그 결과를 분석하였다. 최종적으로 IPA를 활용하여 아웃소싱 협력사 운영방안에 도출하였다. 본 연구에서는 원청기업과 협력사 간 성과평가에 대해 인식의 차이가 있음을 파악하였으며, 향후 발전적인협력관계를 위해서 실무적인 시사점을 제시하였다. 장기적 관점에서 신규 협력사 육성을 위해서는 실적 위주평가방식에서 역량 위주의 평가방식으로 전환이 필요하며, 이를 위해서 기존 협력사들의 분발과 신규업체의동기부여를 위한 방향으로 지속적으로 평가방법을 개선해야 한다.

대기업 협력업체의 성과분석 - 산업 선두 기업의 협력업체를 중심으로 -

김소연,신현한 한국재무학회 2014 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.11

본 연구는 산업선두기업에 납품하는 협력업체들의 성과를 분석하였다. 산업선두기업과 같이 구매력이 있는 대기업과 거래하는 경우 협력업체는 교섭력이 약해질 수밖에 없다. 교섭력의 차이가 협력업체 성 과에 영향을 미칠 것으로 보고 협력업체의 성과를 대기업과 비협력업체의 성과와 함께 분석하였다. 대기업이 협력업체에 비용을 전가하여 수익을 내고 있다면, 대기업의 성과와 협력업체 성과는 음(-) 의 관계에 있어야 하지만 분석 결과, 대기업의 성과는 협력업체의 성과와 유의한 양(+)의 관계에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 납품단가 인하 등으로 인하여 협력업체가 비협력업체 보다 성과가 낮을 것으로 예상되었으나, 매출총이익률을 제외한 영업이익률, 매출액이익률, 총자산이익률, 자기자본이익률은 차 이가 없거나 협력업체가 더 높게 나타났다. 협력업체가 비협력업체 보다 매출총이익률이 낮음에도 불 구하고 총자산이익률과 자기자본이익률이 높게 나타난 것은 높은 자산의 효율성 때문인 것으로 밝혀졌 다. 특히 총자산회전율과 매출채권 회전율, 재고자산 회전율이 협력업체가 비협력업체 보다 높아 자산 을 더 효율적으로 운용하고 있으며, 이로 인하여 매출채권 회수기간과 매입채무 회전기간, 재고자산 회전기간으로 측정되는 현금회전주기도 짧아 원재료 구입부터 매출 대금의 회수까지 더 신속하게 이루 어지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 높은 자산 효율성을 통해 최종 성과라 할 수 있는 총자산이익률(ROA) 와 자기자본이익률(ROE)은 협력업체가 비협력업체 보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다. This study investigates the performance of firms that supply to large companies. When supplier firms are trading with a big firm that has strong bargaining power, suppliers’ bargaining power is weakened. We assume that the difference in the bargaining powers will have an effect on the performances of supplier firms and this paper also analyzes the difference in the performances of supplier firms with big-buyer firm and nonsupplier firms. If the big firm is making profits by imputing costs on supplying firms, then the difference in performances between the big firm and suppliers’ has to show a negative relationship. But from the analysis, we can see that big firm’s performance is having a positive relationship with the performance of suppliers. Also, we anticipated a better performance of non-supplier firms compare to supplier firms because of reasons such as lowering delivery prices. The result shows, however, except for gross margin, operating margin, return on sales(ROS), return on asset(ROA) and return on equity(ROE) had no differences, and in a few, supplier firms had better performance than non-supplier firms. We found out that even though supplier firms had lower gross margin compare to non-supplier firms, ROA and ROE were higher because of the asset utilization. Supplier firms had higher asset turnover, account receivable turnover and inventory turnover, than non-supplier firms, which tells us that assets were managed more efficiently in supplier firm. Therefore, cash conversion cycle, which is a measurement used to obtain days’ account receivables, days’ account payables and days’ inventory, is shorter which states that from the day of buying raw materials to the day of collecting expenses is done swiftly. These results held after controlling endogeneity.

한국 건설 산업에서 공급업체의 역량 평가에 대한 공급업체와 고객업체 관점의 차이에 관한 연구

박성윤,김문규,최수일 한국경영교육학회 2015 경영교육연구 Vol.30 No.2

In construction industry, where projects are conducted through many firms’ collaboration, it is necessary to adopt Supply Chain Management (SCM) to obtain optimal output. Contractor plays a central role in the supply chain and is responsible to evaluate suppliers’ capabilities and utilize them as core resources to carry out a project. Therefore, the contractor’s ability to understand suppliers’ capabilities provides foundation for successful performance of the project. This paper conducted a single embedded case study in Korean construction industry to investigate the differences between contractor’s and its suppliers’ assessment on the capabilities of the suppliers and how contractors can evaluate their suppliers’ capabilities more accurately. Contractors—buyers—are assigned to assess their suppliers’ capability through online survey while the suppliers assess their own capabilities. Questionnaires to assess the supplier’s capability were designed based on related literature and grouped into four categories such as technical/operational capability, developmental capability, relational capability and business capability. A major Korean construction firm and its 106 suppliers participated to complete the survey and the results show in what categories the discrepancy of the perspectives between a buyer and a supplier is made. This study contributes to the research of suppliers’ capability management in the context of SCM for project business by providing a case of construction industry and can suggest directions leading to shared understanding of suppliers’ capability in SCM. 건설 산업 공급망관리(Supply Chain Management, 이하 SCM)에서 중심적인 위치를 차지하는 시공업체는 공급업체들의 역량을 정확하게 평가하고, 프로젝트 수행을 위한 핵심 자원으로 활용해야 한다. 시공업체의 입장에서 각 공급업체가 보유한 역량을 객관적으로 이해하는 것은 성공적인 프로젝트 수행의 필수조건이다. 본 연구는 한국 건설 산업 사례연구를 통해, 시공업체(고객업체)의 각 공급업체들에 대한 역량 평가가 공급업체의 자체 역량 평가와 어떤 차이가 있는지 관찰하였고, 성공적 SCM을 위한 공급업체 역량 평가 시에 발생하는 구체적인 문제점을 발견하여, 체계적으로 그 원인을 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해, 문헌연구를 토대로 기술․운영 역량, 개발 역량, 관계적 역량, 사업적 역량, 총 네 개의 영역으로 구성된 공급업체 역량 평가 설문지를 설계하였고, 한국의 대표적 시공업체와 106개의 공급업체들을 대상으로 온라인 설문을 진행하였다. 하나의 공급업체의 역량에 대한 공급업체와 시공업체의 관점의 차이를 보기 위해, 공급업체 대표자, 그리고 해당 기업과의 협업을 바탕으로 역량 평가를 수행할 수 있는 시공업체 직원이 독립적으로 그 공급업체를 평가하게 하였다. 연구 결과, 공급업체의 자체적인 역량 평가가 시공업체의 역량 평가보다 모든 영역과 문항에서 높게 나타나고 있으며, 공급업체의 규모가 작을수록, 또 공급업체가 연간 참여하는 프로젝트의 개수가 많을수록 두 업체의 관점 차이가 큰 것으로 드러났다. 본 연구는 건설 산업 사례를 통해 프로젝트 기반 산업의 특성을 고려한 공급업체 역량 관리 연구에 기여하며, 연구 결과는 건설 산업 내에서 공급업체의 역량에 대한 고객업체와 공급업체 상호 간의 이해를 증진시키기 위한 노력에 기여할 수 있다.

The Role of Supplier Development Program and Strategic Partnership in Developing Supplier’s Technology Competency: Korean Suppliers’ Perspective

Lee, Sang Hyun(이상현) 한국서비스경영학회 2020 서비스경영학회지 Vol.21 No.1

The purpose of this research to empirically investigate the effect of supplier development programs on technology competency and grasp the mediating effect of strategic partnership, from the supplier’s perspective. This study thus aims at propose a relevant model based on theoretical background and empirically investigate it. The result also showed that supplier development programs have positive and direct impact on supplier’s technology competency improvement. Which means that buyer’s effort for supplier development programs is significant factor for supplier’s technological competency, and supplier development programs should include education and training, financial support, and evaluation that based on mutual trust. Also, the study showed that strategic partnership mediates the relationship between supplier development programs and supplier’s capability improvement. Given that supplier’s improvement in technology competency cannot be achieved in short-term period, there require rather long-term support for the supplier. Specifically, financial support from the buyer side is not the only suggestive factor, but there also require efficient supplier evaluation system, as well as system for knowhow and information sharing. Practitioners should know that such support and improvement from it cannot be achieved without mutual trust in the relationship.