서비스품질 모형 KS-SQI 3.0 발표에 대한 논의

김용남 청주대학교 경영경제연구소 2023 경상논총 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this study is to reflect changes in society and consumption environment that have changed over the past 22 years, based on the SERVQUAL model developed by PZB (1985), and KS-SQI (Korea Service Quality Index), and It was to present an evaluation, discussion, and implications for the universal KS-SQI 3.0 model that can be used. First, KS-SQI is a service quality evaluation model, and 22 years have passed since its announcement in 2000, raising awareness of problems related to appropriate responses to changes in the social environment. At this point, the development of the tangible and intangible KS-SQI 3.0 model is evaluated as a timely response. Second, the service quality dimension of the previous KS-SQI is expanded to two dimensions, and the KS-SQI 3.0 model is expanded to four dimensions, and implications can be found in terms of being able to evaluate service quality from a general point of view. Third, while the previous KS-SQI opened only customer satisfaction and customer loyalty as the outcome variables of the service quality model, the KS-SQI 3.0 model added customer happiness to measure customer-oriented life in a broader way. It is meaningful. The limitations of the KS-SQI 3.0 model are, First, the KS-SQI 3.0 model was evaluated differently between mobile communication and convenience stores in the verification of model fit for mobile communication and convenience stores. Second, the part where the results and interactions of the service quality dimension, which is the core of the KS-SQI 3.0 model, showed no or low overall quality fit suggests the need for follow-up complementary research. Third, in order to increase the possibility of generalization and generalization of the KS-SQI 3.0 model, it is considered necessary to verify the fit of the model centered on various industries.

KS인증시스템 표준화가 중소기업 수출성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

이주환 ( Joo-hwan Lee ),정재은 ( Jae-eun Chung ),문희철 ( Hee-cheol Moon ),임성범 ( Seong-beom Lim ) 한국통상정보학회 2016 통상정보연구 Vol.18 No.4

본 연구는 KS인증업체를 중심으로 KS인증시스템이 중소기업 수출성과에 미치는 영향 요인을 분석하여 국제환경에 중소기업의 수출경쟁력을 강화하는데 시사점을 제시하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 검증하기 위하여 환경특성요인과 기업특성요인에 대한 선행연구를 통해 이 요인들이 KS인증시스템 표준화 요인에 영향을 미치는 것을 규명하고 KS인증시스템 표준화 요인이 수출성과에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하였다. 분석을 위해 SPSS 21.0을 사용하여 빈도분석, 타당성분석, 신뢰성분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 기업특성요인의 경영자마인드, 종업원표준인식, KS인증교육이 KS인증시스템표준화 요인에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 KS인증시스템 표준화 요인이 수출성과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 실증분석한 결과에 따라 중소기업에 다음과 같은 시사점을 제시할 수 있다. 첫째, 수출성과를 강화하기 위해서는 중소기업 최고경영자는 KS인증시스템에 대한 사내표준화 마인드를 고양시키는 지원이 요구된다. 둘째, 중소기업 종업원에 대한 표준화 인식이 높아질 수 있는 KS인증 교육이 필요하다. 셋째, 제품품질 향상을 위해 ISO 인증, FTA관련 업무 사내 표준화 시스템 활용이 필요하다. This study aims to analyze the influences of KS certification system on export performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Korea. The analysis may contribute to enhance export competitiveness of Korean SMEs. Based on previous studies for environment-specific and business-specific determinants regarding KS certification system, this study analyzed six factors influencing on export performance of Korean SMEs. For empirical tests, this study used frequency, validity, reliability, and multiple regression analysis with SPSS 21.0. The results of analysis could be summarized as follows. Managerial mind had influence on KS certification system, whereas employee`s awareness on standard was influential to the same categories. Another business-specific factor, KS certification education & training, affected factors of general standardization of KS certification system. General standardization of KS certification factor had effects on export strategic performance. This empirical study presents following implications for small and medium businesses. First, considering that SME management mind proved to be influencing all variables, the concerned SME CEOs are required to support and encourage intra-standardization of KS certification mind within the company to improve their export performance. Second, to better the export performance, SMEs not only need to support, but also to provide education of KS certification to raise awareness on standardization among the employees. Third, ISO certification as well as intra-business standardized system for FTA-related works are highly encouraged to put into use to improve the quality of products.

KS표시인증이 기업에 기대되는 효과에 관한 연구

김광수,남궁작,정순석,Kim, Kwang-Soo,NamGung, Jak,Chung, Soon-Suk 한국벤처창업학회 2012 벤처창업연구 Vol.7 No.1

This study is aimed to measure the cause and effect relationship on observation on KS evaluation by surveys related to KS certification, opinions and satisfaction on KS certification, expected effect through KS certification, profitability performance, financial performance, and productivity performance based on department heads and acting chiefs working on KS certification, to SMEs which have acquired KS certification mark in Korea. This study also aims to examine how KS certification is impacting on companies' expected effects, management performance and development by examining the realistic effects of KS certification in various aspects and expected effects on companies. 본 연구는KS 표시 인증을 획득한 중소기업을 중심으로 KS인증과 관련된 제반 질문사항에 대한 설문(KS심사기준 준수, KS인증운용 의견, KS인증 만족도)조사를 하였다. KS인증을 통해 기대되는 효과, 수익성, 재무성과, 생산성에 대하여 그 인과 관계를 추정하기 위한 것으로서, KS 표시 인증의 실질적인 효과를 다양한 측면에서 연구한다. 또한 기업에 기대되는 효과를 연구하여, 궁극적으로는 KS 표시 인증이 기업에 기대되는 효과와 경영 성과 및 발전에 얼마나 영향을 주고 있는지 알아보고자 한다.

KS 인증제도 운영 및 발전 방향에 대한 제언

유수현,성효원,주영란,허경옥 표준인증안전학회 2018 표준인증안전학회지 Vol.8 No.1

본 연구에서는 첫째, KS 인증 제도의 개요와 최근 운영상의 변화 등 KS인증 관련 주요 이슈 및 내용을 살펴보았다. 둘째, 지금까지의 논의 및 연구들을 바탕으로 KS 인증제도의 발전방향을 제언하였다. 이때, KS 인증의 최종 수요자인 소비자 입장 즉 소비자 지향적 KS인증제도의 방향을 모색하고자 한다. 본 연구 결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, KS 인증제도는 국가에서 시행 중인 각종 제품인증 중에서 가장 역사가 깊고(1963년 제정), 정부 주도로 운영된 KS 인증제도는 국내 초기 산업사회의 산업기술력 제고, 일정수준의 품질을 제공하는 기준으로서 역할을 하였다. 그러나 최근 인증범람, 인증제품의 안전사고 발생, 중복인증 등으로 인한 기업 불만, 기업의 인증비용 부담 등으로 인해 2012년부터 KS 인증제도의 개편이 필수적이다. 최근까지 주요 KS인증의 주요 개정 및 변화 내용은 KS 인증기관의 복수화, 심사비용이나 절차 완화이다. 둘째, KS인증제도에 변화 및 개선이 있어 왔으나 여전히 인증제도 강화 또는 완화와 관련한 논쟁이 끊이지 않고 있는 상황에서 KS인증제도의 기본 패러다임의 정립이 시급하다. KS인증제도를 강화 시키자는 주장은 KS인증에서 소비자신뢰가 우선시 되어 엄격한 기준을 정립하여 경쟁력 없는 업체는 정리해야 한다는 것이다. 확실하고 엄격한 인증 규정이 마련되어 모든 제품의 질을 높이는 것이 당장 기업에게 비용증가이긴 하나 제품의 품질에 대해 소비자들의 신뢰가 높아진다는 주장이다. 결국 KS인증 정책에서 국민, 기업 등 수요자 눈높이에서 좀 더 창의적인 시각으로 규제 개선에 주목해야 함을 알 수 있다. 규제 완화시 부작용은 없는지 관련 업계, 유관기관 등 이해관계자들과 충분한 의견 수렴이 필요하다. KS 인증이 ‘규제’가 아니라 기업들이 부담 없이 생산 활동을 하며 궁극적으로 소비자의 행복이 추구되는 안전정책이라는 확고한 가치가 정립되어야 한다. 셋째, 소비자 지향적 접근에서 그리고 장기적 관점에서 법정 인증제도의 전면 민간화 도입에 대한 면밀한 검토가 필요하다. 미국 UL인증을 벤치마킹 하여 민간 스스로가 인증기관협의회 운영, 인증기관 모니터링, 인증 심사기준 제․개정, 인증기관 점검 및 각종 데이터 축적, 시장사후관리 등 정부정책을 지원하면서 인증제도의 경쟁력강화 및 국제적 수준을 갖출 필요가 있다. 넷쨰, KS 인증기관들의 상호정보교류 및 경쟁력 강화 등을 지원하는 시스템 구축이 필요하다. 끝으로, 품질인증의 제정 개정 또는 폐지시의 심사단계에 소비자가 참여하는 시스템 마련이 필요하다. 예를 들면, 산업표준심의회에 소비자의 참여, 공장 심사 및 인증 후 모니터링에 소비자 참여가 이루어질 수 있어야 한다. In this study, we first reviewed key issues and contents related to KS certification such as outline of KS certification system and recent operational changes. Secondly, we provided implications for the direction of KS certification system based on previous discussions and studies. We also seek for the direction of consumer-oriented KS certification system. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First of all, the KS certification system has the longest history(established in 1963) among certificates implemented by the country. The KS certification system, operated by the government, served as a standard for enhancing industrial technological capabilities and provided a certain level of quality in the early stage of industrial societies in Korea. However, due to company complaints from overflows, safety accidents, overlaps, and cost burdens of certifications, it is essential that KS certification system should be revised. Major recent revisions and changes made for KS certification was pluralizing KC certification institutions and reducing examination costs or procedures. Secondly, although there were some changes and improvements of KS certification system, there still needs to be an establishment of the basic paradigm of the KS certification system as it is debatable whether certification system should be strengthen or mitigated. The strengthen side insists that KS certification should have a strict standard that has a priority on consumer trust to sort out companies that are not competitive. It is argued that strict and rigorous certification regulations have been put in place to increase the quality of all products, which is true that it will increase the cost to the company immediately, but ultimately increase the consumers’ trust in terms of the quality of the product. This indicates that KS certification polices should focus on regulation improvements within a creative viewpoint at the level of demanders including consumers and enterprises. It is necessary to gather opinions with interested parties who are related industries or organizations to see whether there are any side effects of deregulation. KS certification should not be ‘regulated’, but firm value should be established as a safety policy in which companies are willing to produce and ultimately pursue consumer happiness.

SPC관련 KS의 제개폐 및 KS A ISO 2859-3에 대한 고찰

임재근,조병선,정수일 한국산업경영시스템학회 2004 한국산업경영시스템학회 학술대회 Vol.2004 No.추계

As a result of globalization process and TBT agreement, KS is also being revised, reestablished and some are abolished according to international standards such as ISO, IEC, etc. Conventional KS sampling inspection standards contained many different procedures from ISO, but recently, to match with international standards, all the rest of the standards except KS A 3102, 3104, 3151 were abolished, and the even the ones being in use still are also scheduled and be revised. Especially, KS A 3101, KS A 3105, KS A 3109, which were used most frequently in Korea were abolished, and the KS A ISO 2859-0~3 which coincide with ISO standards were established 3 years ago, but the implementation rate is very slow. Starting next year the national examination for qualification process for the product quality related item will the started and the preparation is underway. This study will investigate the recent sampling inspection process of KS as well as SPC related KS overhaul problem and present the data to help workers in SPC related field. One of the main example will be on KS A ISO 2859-3 and will attempt to help those medium and small sized companies with examples.

한국(KS)과 중국(GB)의 국가표준 비교에 관한 탐색적 연구: 국제표준 일치화 정보를 활용한 프레임워크와 정책적 함의

최동근 표준인증안전학회 2019 표준인증안전학회지 Vol.9 No.1

he objective of this study is to investigate the bilateral coherence of Korean and Chinese national standards in terms of trade through comparison of national standards between Korea (KS) and China (GB). For this purpose, the comparison of 32,077 Chinese national standards (GB) and 24,080 Korean standards (KS) will discuss how the national standards of the two countries are related to each other and their policy implications. As a result of the analysis, 32.9% of Chinese national standards (GB) accepted international and foreign standards and while it was found to be around half the level of 63.4% of KS. In particular, identical adoptions of international standards account for 19.2% of the total GB, while that of KS accounts for 60.9% of the total which is around three times of Chinese identical adoption. With a more detailed of comparing the KS and GB harmonization information, it was found that the full identical level between Korea and China was very low in electric vehicle sector (0.0%), environmental health safety sector (4.3%), cosmetics (6.7%) and food (11.2%). Therefore, it is imperative to establish mutual cooperation strategies such as development cooperation between Korea and China and co-development of international standards for mitigating trade technology barriers with China, which is the first exporting country of Korea. In the development of KS, a national standard, an open standard policy is needed that considers not only ISO and IEC but also GB, EN, JIS, DIN, ASTM and other international standards used in major exporting countries. Also, in developing KS, it is necessary to move from mainly identical translation of international standards to upgrade the national standard system and financial investment to meet the new trading environment and domestic market. 본 연구의 목적은 한국(KS)과 중국(GB)의 국가표준 비교를 통해서, 한국과 중국의 국가표준이 교역관점에서 얼마나 표준정합성(standards coherence)이 있는지를 조사하여 밝히는 데 있다. 이를 위해 중국국가표준(GB) 32,077종 및 한국표준(KS) 24,080종 비교를 통해서 양국의 국가표준이 얼마나 상호 조화 특성과 정책적 시사점을 논의한다. 조사결과, 중국국가표준(GB)의 32.9%가 국제․해외표준을 수용해, KS의 63.4%와 대비해서 절반 수준인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 특히, 국제․해외표준을 수정 없이 일치수용(IDT)한 비중은 GB전체의 19.2%로서, 일치수용 비중이 60.9%인 KS의 삼분의 일 수준이다. KS와 GB의 부합화 정보를 선별하여 비교한 결과, 한중표준 일치도는 전기차(0.0%), 환경보건안전도(4.3%), 화장품(6.7%), 식품(11.2%)으로 매우 낮은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 따라서 제1수출국인 중국과의 무역기술장벽 완화를 위한 한중표준개발협력 및 국제표준공동개발 등의 상호협력 전략 수립과 이행방안 마련이 시급하다. 국가표준인 KS 개발 시 ISO, IEC뿐만 아니라, 주요 수출국에서 활용되는 GB, EN, JIS, DIN, ASTM 등의 해외표준을 함께 고려하는 개방적 표준정책 필요하다. 또한 KS 개발시 단순 국제표준 번역중심의 KS개발에서 탈피하여, 신교역환경과 국내시장에 부합하는 국가표준체계 고도화와 재정투자 확대도 고려하여야 한다.

서비스산업 KS인증제도 효과와 적용방법

우태희,백종관 한국경영컨설팅학회 2008 경영컨설팅연구 Vol.8 No.4

서비스산업의 품질경쟁력을 향상시키기 위하여 2001년부터 서비스품질 우수기업 인증제도가 실시되어 소비자의 권익보호에 기여하고 있지만, 이는 서비스품질 우수기업인증요령에 근거하여 실시되고 있다. 이와 달리 산업표준화법에 의한 KS인증제도는 소비자 보호 및 만족과 KS 인증업체의 제품품질 및 기술경쟁력 향상에 기여하고 있다. 그리고 지금까지 제품에만 적용되던 KS인증제도가 2008년부터 서비스산업 중 우선적으로 콜센터와 시설관리 분야에 대하여 KS인증제도가 본격적으로 실시되고 있다. 본 연구는 서비스산업의 심사기준이 지정되어 서비스산업에 대한 KS인증제도가 실시됨에 따라 이에 대한 기대 효과와 추진 방향을 제시하며, 이로부터 소비자는 보다 나은 서비스 품질을 제공받아 고객만족도가 향상되고, 서비스 제공자는 기업의 인지도 상승 및 경쟁력 강화에 기여할 것이다. It goes to prove by many preceding studies that Korean Industrial Standards(KS) certification scheme as concerns products is to improve the customer satisfaction and the marketing ability according to rise the image of a company. As the service industry grows larger every year, Korean Agency for Technology and Standards(AOTS) has developed the standards for service areas from 2001, and started the KS certification in the service industry from this year. So, this paper introduces the standards, especially call center and facility management, and the result of certification development of the KS certification scheme to the service industry. Through this applicability and efficiency procedure, this paper presents the effectiveness and application method on the KS certification in the service industry.

새 KS규격의 샘플링검사를 위한 소프트웨어 개발

이승훈 ( Seung Hoon Lee ) 한국경영공학회 2012 한국경영공학회지 Vol.17 No.2

In recent, the Korea Standards(KS) for acceptance sampling procedures have been established, revised, and abrogated according to agreement on WTO/TBT. In this study, we developed a statistical software for the acceptance sampling procedures based upon the new Korea Standards(KS). For the acceptance sampling procedures by attributes, KS A 3102, KS Q ISO 8422, KS Q ISO 2859-1, KS Q ISO 2859-2, KS Q ISO 2859-4, KS Q ISO 2859-5, KS A ISO 18414, KS Q ISO 14560, and KS A IEC 60410 procedures were included. Also for the acceptance sampling procedures by variables, KS Q 1001, KS Q 0001, KS Q ISO 8423, KS A ISO 3951-1, KS A ISO 3951-2, KS A ISO 3951-5, KS Q ISO 10725 procedures were included. This software was developed by using Microsoft Visual Studio 2010, Microsoft .NET Framework 4.0, java, and html. And this software can be implemented on the web browser.

A novel MLL2 gene mutation in a Korean patient with Kabuki syndrome

김수진,조성윤,맹세현,손영배,김수진,기창석,진동규 대한소아청소년과학회 2013 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.56 No.8

Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare genetic disease with a distinctive dysmorphic face, intellectual disability,and multiple congenital abnormalities. KS is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. As the primary cause of KS, MLL2 mutations have been identified in 56–76% of affected individuals who have been tested,suggesting that there may be additional genes associated with KS. Recently, a few KS individuals have been found to have de novo partial or complete deletions of an X chromosome gene, KDM6A , which encodes a histone demethylase that interacts with MLL2 . Nevertheless, mutations in MLL2 are the major cause of KS. Although there are a few reports of KS patients in Korea, none of these had been confirmed by genetic analysis. Here, we report a case of a Korean patient with clinical features of KS. Using direct sequencing,we identified a frameshift heterozygous mutation for MLL2 : (c.5256_5257delGA;p.Lys1753Alafs*34). Clinically, the patient presented with typical facial features, and diagnosis of KS was based on the diagnostic criteria. While KS is a rare disease, other malformations that overlap with those found in individuals with KS are common. Hence, the diagnosis of KS by mutational analysis can be a valuable method for patients with KS-like syndromes. Furthermore, in the near future, other genes could be identified in patients with KS without a detectable MLL2 mutation.

A novel MLL2 gene mutation in a Korean patient with Kabuki syndrome

Kim, Soo Jin,Cho, Sung Yoon,Maeng, Se Hyun,Sohn, Young Bae,Kim, Su-Jin,Ki, Chang-Seok,Jin, Dong-Kyu The Korean Pediatric Society 2013 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.56 No.8

Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare genetic disease with a distinctive dysmorphic face, intellectual disability, and multiple congenital abnormalities. KS is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. As the primary cause of KS, MLL2 mutations have been identified in 56-76% of affected individuals who have been tested, suggesting that there may be additional genes associated with KS. Recently, a few KS individuals have been found to have de novo partial or complete deletions of an X chromosome gene, KDM6A, which encodes a histone demethylase that interacts with MLL2. Nevertheless, mutations in MLL2 are the major cause of KS. Although there are a few reports of KS patients in Korea, none of these had been confirmed by genetic analysis. Here, we report a case of a Korean patient with clinical features of KS. Using direct sequencing, we identified a frameshift heterozygous mutation for MLL2 : (c.5256_5257delGA;p.Lys1753Alafs$^*34$). Clinically, the patient presented with typical facial features, and diagnosis of KS was based on the diagnostic criteria. While KS is a rare disease, other malformations that overlap with those found in individuals with KS are common. Hence, the diagnosis of KS by mutational analysis can be a valuable method for patients with KS-like syndromes. Furthermore, in the near future, other genes could be identified in patients with KS without a detectable MLL2 mutation.