Characteristics of Korean-Saanen goat milk caseins and somatic cell counts in comparison with Holstein cow milk counterparts

Ham, J.S.,Lee, S.G.,Jeong, S.G.,Oh, M.H.,Kim, D.H.,Park, Y.W. Elsevier ; Elsevier Science Pub. Co 2010 Small ruminant research Vol.93 No.2

Characteristics of α- and β-casein fractions in the milk of Korean-Saanen goats were compared with those of Holstein cow milk using capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis. The αs<SUB>1</SUB>-CN content of the Saanen goat milk samples varied from 2.4% to 9.3% of total proteins. Total αs-CN content of the goat milk varied from 10.1% to 17.0%. Total β-CN content containing β<SUB>1</SUB>-CN and the β<SUB>2</SUB>-CN varied from 49.6% to 61.0% of total proteins. Average αs-CN to β-CN ratio of the Saanen goat milk from different farms was 0.24+/-0.04, ranging from 0.17 to 0.33. The αs-CN (αs<SUB>1</SUB>-CN+αs<SUB>0</SUB>-CN) to β-CN (β<SUB>A1</SUB>-CN+β<SUB>A2</SUB>-CN) ratio of Holstein cow milk was 0.81, which was much higher than that of Korean-Saanen goat milk. The goat milk samples having more than 1.5 million cells/ml somatic cell counts (SCC) contained higher αs-CNs (P<0.01) and lower β-CNs (P<0.05) contents than milks with <1.5 million SCC. This resulted in a higher αs-CN to β-CN ratio (P<0.01) in the milk with >1.5 million SCC.

여자 대학생의 저출산에 대한 인식 : 서울 지역 중심으로

김연주,김주예,김혜,민지유,박현영,이송,이혜심,주연진,최지희,함연화,강숙정,김부연,김윤정 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2019 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.53

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand the perception of low birth rate within female college students. Methods: After obtaining approval from online community and several acquaintance, data were collected from August 10 to September 11. A total of eight students participated in the study. Semi-structured in-depth interview were conducted and the data subsequently analyzed. Results: This study extracted three themes: Fragmentary perception about low birth rate limited to social level problem; Avoidance about sacrifice from delivery and Lack of effectiveness in fertility incentives of present government. Conclusion: This study is meaningful that can explore the perception about low birth rates of female college students who are the subjects of future birth. They recognize low birth rates as a social problem, but do not recognize as individual problem. In addition, this study was able to identify the participants' perception of the low birth rate. It can be suggested as meaningful opinion for some follow-up study.

Inflammatory lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate upregulates C-reactive protein via C/EBPβ and potentiates breast cancer progression

Kim, E-S,Cha, Y,Ham, M,Jung, J,Kim, S G,Hwang, S,Kleemann, R,Moon, A Macmillan Publishers Limited 2014 Oncogene Vol.33 No.27

A crucial role of the inflammatory lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in breast cancer aggressiveness has been reported. Recent clinical studies have suggested that C-reactive protein (CRP) has a role in breast cancer development. However, limited information is available on the molecular basis for the expression of CRP and its functional significance in breast cell invasion. The present study aimed to elucidate the molecular link between S1P and CRP during the invasive process of breast epithelial cells. This is the first report showing that transcription of CRP was markedly activated by S1P in breast cells. Our data suggest that not only S1P treatment but also the endogenously produced S1P may upregulate CRP in breast carcinoma cells. Transcription factors CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta and c-fos were required for S1P-induced CRP expression. Coupling of S1P<SUB>3</SUB> to heterotrimeric G<SUB>αq</SUB> triggered the expression of CRP, utilizing signaling pathways involving reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> and extracellular signal-related kinases (ERKs). S1P-induced CRP expression was crucial for the transcriptional activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 through ERKs, ROS and c-fos, leading to breast cell invasion. Using a xenograft mice tumor model, we demonstrated that S1P induced CRP expression both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our findings have revealed a molecular basis for S1P-induced transcriptional activation of CRP and its functional significance in the acquisition of the invasive phenotype of human breast epithelial cells under inflammatory conditions. Our findings may provide useful information on the identification of useful therapeutic targets for inflammatory breast cancer.

문학반응이론에 의한 보건의학기술계열 국가시험개선방안에 관한 연구

이창규,이승관,조경진,박종성,정수경,유병서,박상숙,윤효숙,황선철,문경환,김정민,함용운,김지환,임국환,김영순,윤경희,황성준 高麗大學校 倂設 保健大學 保健科學硏究所 1998 保健科學論集 Vol.24 No.1

The nationally-governed examinations for certification of allied health professions in Korea have been continued for thirty three years. During that time, there were a lot of managerial improvements in carrying out the examinations, for example, the looking-over the papers converted from manual method to computerized one. Nevertheless, the overall aspects of item management in the national examinations are still remained as obsolete style. In some developed countries they have already tried or adopted computerized system in making questions, executing item analysis, developing item banking, and in overall management of examinations, looking over papers for their national licensure examinations, and have established good reputations. Since the National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board was established in 1998, now we can expect there would be a lots of improvements in the managerial systems and organizational structures associated with the national licensing examinations suggesting followings. 1. The contents and scope of the licensing examinations based on job analysis should be announced publicaly. 2. Items should be developed based on the scopes and contents of job characteristics. 3. All the developed items for the licensing examinations should be tested quantitatively prior to banking items. 4. All the parameters of the stored items should be fully estimated through item response theory. 5. All the efforts should be given in order to execute the examinations in individual residential areas on behalf of every examinee. 6. To the licensing examination system the Computerized Adaptive Testing system should be introduced in order to enhance the efficiencies. 7. Security enhancement on the stored items should be reminded in order to prevent leaking out the banking items. 8. Much more improvements should be made for the proper job evaluations. 9. Every efforts should be given to prevent cheatings encountable during the examinations. 10. Make the best of professional volunteers from the various fields in the execution of licensing examinations. 11. Consider a new system in that examinations can be executed twice or more in a year. 12. The current methods of presiding over the examinations should be replaced by a more reasonable one. 13. The results of the examinations should be announced as soon as possible in order not to prolong the examinees' unemployment periods. 14. The National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board should try to rationalize the management keeping step with the information-oriented society.

남녀공학과 여대에 재학 중인 여자대학생의 체형만족도와 자아존중감의 관계

김민정,김보민,김소연,김형주,서민경,박수영,전승연,한누리,함승순 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2011 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.45

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the relationship between satisfaction of body figure and self-esteem of female university students according to the school types. Method: The study sample consisted of 360 female university students who had been attending at co-educational university or women's university in Korea. Data were collected by questionnaires from July 27th to August 6th in 2010. All statistical analyses were conducted using t-test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis test, and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient procedures with SPSS 18.0 program. The level of significance was set at .05. Results: The general characteristics, satisfaction of body figure and self-esteem were not significantly different between co-educational university and women’s university. Although 93.1 percent of female students were under or normal weight according to their BMI, 88.0 percent of female university students were not satisfied with their current body figure and 90.5 percent among them wanted to lose weight. The satisfaction of body figure was related with self-esteem (coed: r=-0.228, p=.002, women's: r= -0.264, p<.001) but there was no difference from school types. Conclusion: The result implied the importance of appropriate education and nursing intervention which would improve satisfaction of body of female university students.

Improvement of Milking Method for the Raw Milk Quality

In, Y. M 韓國酪農學會 1996 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.18 No.3

구개열 및 구순열 아동들에 대한 지능조사

강세윤,함기선,임풍,안용팔,조문제,황순 大韓成形外科學會 1979 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.6 No.2

The earliest reported studies of the relationship between intelligence and cleft lip or palate have shown a slightly lower score than normative expectancy. It can be effected to lmpair or adversely influence their psychosocial rehabilitation. So we carried out this study to re-evaluate their intellectual aspect, and find whether there is a relationship between the types of cleft and intellecture ability, patient with cleft lip or palate only were compaired with those combined cleft lip and palate. The subjects were chosen 220 cases among the 431 patient who visited St. Mary's Hospital and Seoul Red Cross for purpose of surgical repair or speech therapy from March 1, 1978 to September 30, 1979. The measure of intelligence were used Korean general intelligence Quotent test from-A. The data can be Quotent test from-A 1) Average I.Q of tested groups was shown 95.12 and 53% was in the normal average range of 90 to 109, which can be said that their I.Q is not inferior to compare with normative expectancy. 2) There is no closed relationship between the types of cleft and intellectual ability respectively.

Characterization of Lactobacillus acidophilus Isolated from Piglets and Chicken

Ahn, Y.T.,Lim, K.L.,Ryu, J.C.,Kang, D.K.,Ham, J.S.,Jang, Y.H.,Kim, H.U. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.12

Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from piglets and chicken and characterized. Lactic acid bacteria showing resistance to low pH and bile, adhesion to intestinal epithelium cells, and the inhibition of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. were identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus. L. acidophilus PF01 survived for 2 h in MRS broth adjusted to pH 2. L. acidophilus CF07 was less resistant than L. acidophilus PF01 to pH 2, but survived at pH 2.5 for 2 h. Both of isolates were able to grow in MRS broth containing 0.3% (w/v) bile, with L. acidophilus CF07 being more tolerant to bile than L. acidophilus PF01. L. acidophilus PF01 and CF07 adhered specifically to the duodenal and jejunal epithelium cells of piglet, and the cecal and duodenal epithelium cells of chicken, respectively. Both of isolates did not adhere to the epithelium cells of the various animal intestines from which they were isolated. When L. acidophilus was cultured with E. coli and Salmonella spp. in MRS broth, MRS broth containing 2% skim milk powder or modified tryptic soy broth at $37^{\circ}C$, L. acidophilus PF01 and CF07 inhibited the growths of E. coli K88 and K99, and S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium, respectively. Both of isolates were found to possess the essential characteristics of probiotic lactic acid bacteria for piglet and chicken.

냉수처치가 흰쥐의 화상조직에 미치는 영향

마흥수,함기선,주상용,박경희,안용팔 大韓成形外科學會 1982 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.9 No.1

Lewis(1930) & Langohr (1949) suggested that cold water therapy (CWT) reduces tissue metabolism, oxygen debt and dilates minute vessels, therefore increasing blood flow, on the burned tissue in rats. So this method diminishes tissue damage due to impaired circulation and may retard the development of infection. These experiments were performed to study the effects of CWT on the burned tissue in rats. Full thickness scald burns(‘80c’10sec)were inflicted on the backs of the 42 rats. Burned rats were divided into 2 groups: 27 rate as an experimental group (immediate and delayed CWT) and 15 rats as an untreated control. The untreated control was sacrificed on the 1/2th, 1st, 8th, 24th and 72th hour after burn. Immediate CWT group was immersed immediately into the cold water (1-2℃, 10min) after burn and sacrificed as same as the time of untreated control. Delayed CWT group was burned and CWT was performed after 5 min, 10min and 30 min delay. They were sacrificed on the 24th hour after burn. The specimens taken from all experimental animals were fixed in 10% neutral formalin embedded in paraffin wax, sectioned at a thickness of 5um, and stained with hematoxylineosin for general histologic findings. Observation was made of morphological changes in the collagen fibers, capillaries and separations between collagen fibers located in the skin of rats. The results were as follows: 1. The tissue injury of immediate CWT group was less severe than untreated control. 2. The more CWT is delayed, the more tissue injury is aggravated. So immediate CWT is the most effective modality in the CWT of bumed tissue.

Prolog 를 이용한 게이트 레벨 시뮬레이션

함승재(S.J.Ham),김창성(C.S.Kim),이홍주(H.J.Lee),허용민(Y.M.Heo),임인칠(I.C.Lim) 한국정보과학회 1987 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.14 No.2

본 논문에서는 3개의 논리 상태와 6개의 논리값을 사용한 게이트 및 신호선 모델링 방법을 제안한다. 그리고 기존 시뮬레이터로서 시뮬레이션이 어려운 부분회로를 Prolog의 특징을 이용하여 시뮬레이션하기 위한 부분회로 시뮬레이션 방법을 제안한다. 즉, 진리표 또는 특성표로서 나타낼 수 있는 논리회로는 대상회로에 대한 입출력 진리표를 시뮬레이터에 입력시켜 주므로써 시뮬레이션을 수행하는 방법이다. 또한, 시뮬레이션 알고리즘은 스케쥴러(Scheduler)을 이용한 Event Scheduling 방법을 사용한다. 게이트 레벨 시뮬레이션을 수행하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 제안한 게이트, 신호선 모델링 방법과 부분회로 시뮬레이션 방법 및 시뮬레이션 알고리즘은 VAX 11/750의 UNIX O. S. 에서 CProlog를 사용하여 실현한다.