제주지역의 유우사육과 낙농경영에 관한 조사 연구 - I. 제주도 낙농현황과 특성 및 개선방향

양승주,오성환,양창범,조덕준 ( Seung Joo Yang,Sung Hwan Oh,Chang Bum Yang,Duk Jun Cho ) 한국낙농학회 1990 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.12 No.1

한국낙농학회 학회 소식 ( 1998년 3월 - 1998년 6월 )

학회자료 한국낙농학회 1998 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.20 No.2

제주지역의 유우사육과 낙농경영에 관한 조사연구 : II. 제주도 낙농농가 및 목장의 실태조사 II. The Actual Feeding and Managerial Condition of the Dairy Farmhouseholds and Ranches

양창범,양승주,오성환,조덕준 한국낙농학회 1990 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.12 No.2

濟州地域의 酪農産業은 草地와 氣候 等이 自然的 條件과 牛乳의 需要에 比하여 절대적으로 供給이 不足한 狀態에 있는 與件 및 地域産業의 均衡的 發展과 住民所得 增大 等을 考慮할때 必須的으로 育成 發展시켜야 할 必要性이 있으나 이에 對한 調査硏究는 매우 低調한 實情에 있는 點을 堪案하여 1987年 7月부터 1988年 7月까지 1年동안 濟州道의 酪農現況을 調査하고 115個 搾乳牛 飼育農家를 對象으로 地城別 規模別로 酪農農家의 實態를 調査分析하므로서 濟州地域 乳牛飼育과 酪農經營에 關한 基礎資料를 마련코져 本 硏究를 遂行하였는바, 그 第2報로서 道內 酪農農家 및 牧場의 一般分析과 飼育現況 및 施設設備 現況에 對한 調査分析結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 一般槪況 經營主의 人的事項을 보면, 女性經營者가 擡頭되고 있고, 陸地部에서는 젊은 新規酪農가들의 增加가 顯著하나 濟州地域의 境遇 41∼51歲로 長年層이 많고, 學歷은 高卒이상이 75%로서 높은 水準이나 過去보다는 低下되고 있었다. 酪農前職業은 一般農業이 67.1%로 제일 높았으며, 가장 큰 規漠(D:31頭以上)에서 公務員 等 比農業前職이 많았다. 酪農經歷은 新規比率이 높아져가고 있는 陸地部와는 달리 6∼9年의 經歷이 가장 높았으며, 調査農家의 67.1%가 兼業酪農形態였고, 經營主가 牧場에 常住하는 農家는 87.7%였다. 平均家族數는 4.75人이고 牧夫는 農家當 In Cheju island, it is positively neccessary that we have to bring up and develope the dairy industry in order to increase the resident's income and develope the local industry. But the study and investigation for this subject are very rare and inactive. In this study, we surveyed and analyzed the actual feeding and managerial condition of the 73 dairy farm households kept milking cows for one year, from 1987, 7 to 1988, 8. We carried out these study in order to get the fundamental data and information about feeding and management of dairy cattle raised in Cheju area. The results are summarized as follows: The average ages of dairy farm owners were 41 to 50 years old. This is higher level than that of mainland's farmers. 75% of the dairy farmers graduated from high school or college. The former occupations of the dairy farm owners were agriculture(67.1%) and so on. Dairy Farming career of the farmers was 6-9 years and this is longer than that of mainland's farmers. 67.1% of investigated farmers have a subsidiary business and 87.7% of dairy farm owners worked for 24 hours at their dairy farm. These two kinds of levels are higher than those of mainland's dairy farm owners. The average feeding size per farmer was 9.48 heads. The management records of their dairy farms were rarely kept. The total numbers of dairy cattle raised in Cheju area were 2,163 heads in 1987, 11 and 2,753 heads in 1988, 5. The dairy cattle herds were composed of 11-27.6% calf, 40.9-50.2% multipara cow and 31.2-33.9% milking cow. The component ratio of multipara and milking cow was very low. The number of dairy cows per feeding farm as 19-24 heads(8.7-9.8 head in multipara). This is more than that of the mainland. But this ratio is also low and is not proper. The yearly increasing ratio of dairy cattle was 19.3% and was much higher level than that of mainland. 81.5% of cows had an easy labor but 13.8% of cows were dystocia. The cause of death and culling was mainly reproductive disorder and desease. The average area for dairy farm was 30,290 pyong per farm and 1,844 pyong per mature cattle. The ratio of rent area was high level(24.7%). The farm land was composed of 32.4% forage crop field, 36.1% improved grassland, 23.5% wild grassland and 1.6% stock yard and building site. The farm building, facilities and equipments were more unreasonable and lower than those of mainland except silo. The actual condition of large and small instruments(tractor, milker, cooler etc.) was better than those of mainland and was much improved, compared with the condition of 10 years ago.

한국전통식품 김치로부터 분리한 유산균주의 항산화 활성

김다영 ( Da-young Kim ),김홍석 ( Hong Seok Kim ),유정식 ( Jung Sik Yoo ),조윤아 ( Yoon Ah Cho ),김철현 ( Cheol-hyun Kim ) 한국낙농식품응용생물학회(구 한국유가공학회) 2020 Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology (JMSB) Vol.38 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 한국 전통 음식 김치에서 분리한 유산균의 특성을 연구하기 위해 형태학적, 생화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 한국의 전통 발효 식품에서 젖산균을 확인하기 위해 분리된 균주의 그람염색을 수행한 후 Macrogen에서 16S rRNA 분석 결과, DKGF9(Lactobacillus plantarum), DKGF1(Lactobacillus paracasei ), DKGF8(Lactobacillus casei ), DK207(Lactobacillus casei ), DK211(Lactobacillus casei )이 확인되었다. 우리는 한국의 전통 발효 식품인 김치에서 분리된 5가지 LAB의 기본 생물학적 활성에 대한 실험을 수행했다. 37℃, 55℃, 65℃, 75℃에서 각각 5분, 15분 5균주의 내열성 확인 결과, 상업 균주인 Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5의 내열성과 유사하거나 더 높음을 보여주었다. 장내부착능에서는 선발균주 모두 상용균주와 비교했을 때 10⁷ CFU/mL 이상으로 우수한 결합능을 보여주었고, KCTC(한국생명공학연구원 생물자원센터)에서 분양받은 Escherichia coli KCTC1682, Salmonella enterica KCTC2054, Bacillus cereus KCTC3624 3종을 활용한 항균활성 결과, 모든 균주는 상업용 균주인 L. acidophilus LA-5와 비교하여 유사하거나 더 높은 항균 활성을 나타냈다. 단백질분해능력 실험에서, 5개의 균주는 clear-zone의 직경이 24시간에서 72시간으로 갈수록 점차 증가하고, L. paracasei DKGF1이 가장 큰 직경을 갖고 있어 단백질분해능력이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 5개의 균주로부터 선택된 3개의 균주는 ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, Hydroxyl radical scanenging 활성을 포함하여 다양한 항산화활성 효과를 나타냈다. 결과적으로, 5가지 균주 중에서 우수한 기능성을 갖는 L. paracasei DKGF1이 잠재적인 프로바이오틱스 활성을 나타내며, 건강 관련 제품의 개발에 유용한 균주라고 판단된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from a Korean traditional food kimchi. Gram staining was performed by Macrogen (Macrogen, Inc.) for identification of the LAB. Five strains of LAB were identified, including DKGF9 (Lactobacillus plantarum), DKGF1 (L. paracasei ), DKGF8 (L. casei ), DK207 (L. casei ), and DK211 (L. casei ). The biological activities of the isolated strains were assessed. The results showed that heat resistance of the strains was similar to or higher than the commercial strain L. acidophilus LA-5. Indirect testing of the ability of the strains to attach to the mucin layer revealed that DKGF9, DKGF1, and DKGF8 have high binding affinities for the mucous layer. All strains showed antimicrobial activity similar to or higher than the commercial strain LA-5. In proteolysis experiments, the diameters of proteolysis zones of the five strains increased in the period of 24-72 h, with DKGF1 exhibiting the largest zone diameter. Three strains were selected based on their antioxidant activities. Among the five isolated strains, L. paracasei DKGF1 showed potential probiotic activity, and thus, it may be useful for the development of health-promoting products.

전문대학 낙농과 교육과정 수정개발에 관한 연구

조규석 한국낙농학회 1990 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.12 No.3

전문대학 낙농과 교육과제 수정 개발을 위해 1989년 6월부터 1990년 6월까지 전국 낙농과 교수, 졸업생, 재학생, 낙농산업체등 총 470명에 설문한 결과와 각 전문대학 교육과정을 중심으로 연구한 결과를 종합하면 다음과 같다. 1. 전문대학 낙농과의 총개설 학점은 109학점 (졸업이수 학점의 136%)으로 하고 교양과목: (전공과목의 비는 22:78(24:85학점)로 하였다. 2. 전공필수 : 전공선택의 비는 38:62%(32:53학점)로 조정하여 선택의 폭을 넓게 하였다. 3. 교양 선택과목을 선택과 교직 선택으로 전공 선택과목을 과의 특성에 따라 선택과 일반선택으로 구분하였다. 4. 기사 자격의 경우 낙농과는 생산분야 위주인 축산기사(68%)보다는 우유가공기사(84%)의 희망이 아주 높았다. 5. 실험실습의 주방법은 분단별 실습이 47% 개별실습이 41%였고 실험실습 교과목의 78%가 필요함을 강조하였다. 6. 교양과목에는 생활영어, 일본어, 직업윤리, 일반화학, 전공과목에는 특수가축, 낙농유통 과목을 신설하여 국제사회 변화에 대응할 수 있게 하였다. 7. 전문대학 낙농과 교육과정 시안은 단기 완성 교육으로 역점을 두었고 기초 이론과 응용기술면을 강화하여 교육과정 운영의 효율화를 극대화 할 수 있게 하였다. This experiment has made a survey on 470 subjects (17 of prosessors, 83 of gradnates, 317 of undergraduates and 53 of those who engaged in dairy farming industry) form June 1989 to June 1990 in order to develop the curriculum of department of Dairy Farming. The results of the survey with reference to the present curriculum of each Junior College are as followed; 1. A total of credits available for students majority in Dairy Farming of Junior college was set 109 credits (which is 136% of credits required for graduation), and subjects of liberal arts and those of major are set in the ratio of 22:78% (24:85 credits). 2. A required subject and a optional subject for special study are set in the ratio of 38:62% ( 32:53 credits). 3. A optional subjects for liberal arts were devided into options and teaching options, and optional subject for special study were devided in to options and general options. 4. Preference for technician qualification in Dept. of Dairy Farming was higher in the field of milk processing 84% than in that of liverstock (68%). 5. As the main experimental practices, 47% of total practice was conducted by parts and 42% by individuals Development of subjects for experimental practice was keenly required by 76% of professors. 6. Subjects of English conversation, Japaneses, and Vocational Ethics should by newly establishin the field of liberal arts, and subjects of special livestocks and Dairy Farming distribution in the field of obligatory study so that the student way cope with the change of international society efficiently. 7. This paper aimed principally at training skilled Technicians the basis of a short-term program and emphasizing the importance of grounding knowledge and applied techniques so as to work the curriculum efficiently.

Salinomycin 사료첨가가 한국재래산양 제일위내(第一胃內) 미생물과 그 활성에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구

이은,이학철 한국낙농학회 1983 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.5 No.3

Salinomycin(s) 飼料添加가 反芻動物 Rumen內 微生物相에 미치는 影響과 그에 따르는 活性變化를 究明하기 위하여 平均體重이 19∼20㎏되는 在來牡山羊 8頭를 對照區(4頭)와 SL 30ppm區(4頭)로 나누어 42日間 經日的(0, 7, 14, 28, 42, 日), 經時的(0, 4, 8時)으로 Rumen內 原蟲 및 細菌의 構成과 分布, amylase 및 urease의 活性, 揮發性脂肪酸(VFA) 總量과 그 組成 그리고 Rumen의 pH에 미치는 影響에 對해서 調査했다. 1. 原蟲總蟲數에 있어서 SL區는 試驗開始後 14日째까지 減少하는 傾向을 보이다가, 그 以後 增加하는 傾向을 보였으나 試驗終了日인 42日째까지도 完全한 回復을 보여주지 않았으며 試驗全期間의 平均總蟲數는 對照區보다 낮은 傾向이었다(P<.05). 2. 試驗全期間을 通하여 兩試驗區에서 檢出된 原蟲種數는 Isotrichidae目에 屬하는 것이 3種, Ophryoscolacidae目에 屬하는 것이 11種이었으며 SL區가 對照區에 比하여 原蟲種構成에 있어서 單純化되는 傾向이었으며 屬別로 본 原史構成에서는 全毛蟲類(Holotricha)가 多少 增加하는 傾向을 나타내었다. 3. 細菌總數 있어서, SL區에서 多少 增加하는 傾向을 보였으나 試驗全期間의 平均細菌 總數는 兩區間에 有意한 差가 認定되지 않았으며 細菌類構成의 經日的變動에 있어서도 相互 類似한 傾向을 보여주었다. 4. 型態 및 Gram染色性으로 類別된 各 細菌類의 構成比 增減에 對한 變異程度는 細菌種類에 따라 다르고, SL區는 對照區에 比하여 Gram陰性菌이 增加하고 Gram濫性菌이 減少하는 傾向이었다. 5. 細菌의 酵素活性에 있어서 Amylase活性은 試驗全期間, SL處理區가 對照區에 比해서 多少 높은 活性値를 보이면서 顯著한 變動을 나타내었으며, urease活性値는 經日的 變動에 있어서 一定한 傾向을 볼 수 없었다. 그러나 上記 2個 酵素平均活性値는 ○區間 有意한 差를 나타내지 않았다(P>.05). 6. 試驗全期間을 通하여 Rumen內 pH變化는 ○區間에 類似한 傾向을 보여주었으며, 平均 pH 値間에도 有意한 差를 나타내지 않았다(P>.05). 7. 生成 VFA總量은 ○區間 有意한 差를 보여주지 않았다. 그러나 VFA 各組說酸別로는 試驗開始 7日째부터 SL區는 對照區에 比해 acetate가 減少하고 propionate가 增加하는 傾向이었으며, butyrate에 있어서는 SL區가 對照區에 比해 多少 낮은 數値로 變動되었으나 平均値에 있어서 兩區間 有意한 差가 認定되지 않았으며 나머지 徵量의 2種 VFA(Ci 5, Ci)도 ○區間 類似한 傾向으로 變動하고 平均値에 있어서 有意한 差가 認定되지 않았다. The present experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feeding salinomycin on rumen bacterial flora and protozcal fauna, on bacterial activity involving amylase and urease, on ruminal pH and volatile fatty acids. Eight Korean native goats averaging 19.3㎏ of body weight were randomly alloted to the diets supplmented with salinomycin at the level of 0 and 30 ppm. After 3 week adaptation period the animals were fed the experimental diet. Ruminal fluids were collected and examined just before feeding, and 4, 8 hrs after feeding on days 0, 7, 14, 28 and 42. 1. The total number of ruminal protozoa was markedly decreased with salinomycin diet from the 7th to 14th day, although it was gradually increased after that, it was not recovered at the end of experiment. A significant difference (P<0.05) among treatments could be noted in the total number of ruminal protozoa throughout the experimental period. 2. A total of 14 protozoal species were detected throughout the experimental period: 3 species in Isotrichidae, 11 species in Ophryoscolaciade. The number of protozoal species of salinomycin group was lower than that of control group and the number of Holotricha was increased in salinomycin group. 3. The total of ruminal bacteria tended to increase in salinomycin group but no significant difference (P<0.05) was observed among treatments and the changes in distribution of bacterial type were similiar among treatments. 4. The bacterial fluctuation pattern was varied with bacterial types and the total number of Gram-negative bacteria increased with salinomycin diet, while that of Gram positive bacteria decreased. 5. Amylase activity had tendency to increase in salinomycin group but no significant ditterence (P<0.05) was observed among treatments. 6. In the urease activity, no significant difference (P>0.05) was found among treatments throughout the experimental period. 7. In the ruminal pH values, no significant difference (P>0.05) was found among treatments throughout the experimental period. 8. The total ruminal VFA concentration was found not to be affected by the salinomycin treatment. The molar portion of acetate in ruminal fluid was reduced (P>.05) by salinomycin diet, but that of propionate increased (P>.05) from the 7th to the end of the experimental period. The molar portion of butyrate tended to decrease but no significant difference (P>.05) was noted among treatments, neither was in isovalerate nor in valerate.

국산시유의 이화학적 성질에 관한 연구

이명재,김현욱,최충국,권일경 한국낙농학회 1983 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.5 No.1

國內에서 生産되는 9개회사의 市乳를 81年 1月부터 12月까지 每年 2回씩, 總 227점에 對하여 物理化學的 性質을 硏究하였으며 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1) 市乳의 乳脂肪, 乳蛋白, 乳糖, 總固形分 및 無脂乳固形分의 含量은 各各 3.48, 3.08, 4.71, 11.96 및 8.48%였으며 pH, 適定酸度 및 氷点은 各各 pH 6.63, 0.16% 및 -0.522。H였다. 2) 各 組成分 含量은 季節에 따라 變化하며 대체로 봄과 겨울이 여름과 가을에서 보다 더 높았고, pH는 여름과 가을에 낮았으며 適定酸度는 그 反對이고, 氷点은 가을에 특히 낮았다. 3) 各 助成分 含量間에는 高度의 正의 相關이 있었고, 氷点은 乳糖 및 無脂固形分 含量과 負의 相關이 있었다. 4) 各 助成分 및 性質에 있어서 製品들 間에 乳蛋白을 제외하고는 有意差(P<0.01)가 있었다. 乳脂肪含量은 K製品이 3.58%로서 가장 높았고, F製品이 3.21%로서 가장 낮았으며, 乳糖, 總固形分 및 無脂乳固形分 含量은 G製品이 각각 4.83, 12.19 및 8.64%로서 가장 높았으며, D製品이 各各 4.58, 11.73 및 8.29%로서 가장 낮았다. 適定酸度는 G와 J제품이 0.18%로서 가장 높았고 C제품이 0.15%로 가장 낮았으며, 氷点은 D제품이 -0.508。H로서 현저히 높았고 A제품이 -0.531。H로서 가장 낮았다. 5) 이상의 結果로 미루어 現市乳의 가장 큰 問題點은 氷点이 높은 것이라고 할 수 있으며 加水 및 젖산생선으로 因한 市乳의 品質低下를 막기 위해서는 農家와 乳加工場 및 유통과정에서의 계속적인 제품의 위생관리가 필요하다고 할 수 있다. This study was carried out to find the physicochemical properties of market milk produced in Korea. Market milk from 9 dairy companies were analyzed for their gross composition and some other properties, twice a month from Jan. to Dec, in 1981. Milko Scan 104 was used to determine fat, protein, lactose, solidsnot-fat and total solids in samples collected from retail stores in Suwon area. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The average contents of protein, fat, lactose, total solids and solids-not-fat were 3.08, 3.48, 4.71, 11.96 and 8.48%, and average values of pH, titratable acidity, freezing point of market milks were pH 6.63, 0.16% and 0.5222°H, respectively. 2. Average composition of market milks has shown large a variation with the seasons and was generally higher in spring and winter. pH was lower hut tituratable acidity was higher in summer and fall. Freezing point was lower in fall, especially. 3. There were highly positive correlations among the components, and freezing point had negative correlations with lactose and solids-not-fat content. 4. There were significant differences (p<0.01) in compositions and properties of various market milk, except protein. K product gave the highest fat content, 3.58% but F product gave the lowest, 3.21%, and G product gave the highest value of lactose, total solids and solids-not-fat contents(4.83, 12.19 and 11.73%) but D product gave the lower 4.58, 11.73 and 8.19%, respectively. G and J products gave the highest value of 0.18% but G product gave the lowest value of 0.15% of titratable acidity, and D product gave the highest freezing point,-0.508°H but A product gave the lowest, -0.53l°H. 5. In conclusion, it could be said that the most serious problem of Korean market milks was their high freezing point. To solve this problem, it is needed that the test program for the watered raw and market milk be forced in addition to other quality tests.

한우의 산유량(産乳量) 및 유조성에(乳組성) 관한 연구 : II. 산유량 및 유조성간의 변이 및 상관관계 II. Variation and interrelationships of milk yield and milk composition

임종우,유제현 한국낙농학회 1983 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.5 No.3

泌乳期間中 韓牛 9頭로부터 採取된 360試料의 乳組成이 分析되어 變異係數와 乳組成 및 産乳量間에 相關, 回歸係數 및 回歸方程式이 統計的으로 計算되어 表로 나타내었다. 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 水分 總固形分 乳脂肪 乳蛋白質, 乳糖 및 灰分의 變異係數는 各各 0.98, 6.48, 4.79, 17.33, 8.19, 4.31 및 5.84였다. 2. 産乳量과 乳組戚間의 相關係數는 다음과 같다. 産乳量은 水分(0.542)과 有意的인 正의 相關이 있었고 總固形分(-0.537)과 乳脂肪(-0.688) 間에는 負의 相關이 있었다. 水分은 다른 乳組成과 高度의 負의 相關(P<0.01)을 나타내었다. 無脂固形分은 乳脂肪(0.164), 乳蛋白質(0.741), 乳糖(0.596), 및 灰分(0.494) 間에 有意的인 相關(P<0.01)이 있었다. 乳脂肪은 乳蛋白質(0.209)과 灰分(0.306) 間에도 相關이 있었다. 乳蛋白質과 乳糖間 및 乳蛋白質과 灰分 間에는 各各 相關(P<0.05, 0.01)이 나타났다. 또한 乳糖과 灰分(0.199) 間에도 有意的으로(P<0.01) 相關이 있었다. 3. 大部分 個個의 乳組成分이 總固形分含量이 變함에 따라 正의 方向으로 高度의 有意差(P<0.01)가 認定되었으며 乳脂肪과 無脂固形分에 對한 總固形分의 回歸方程式은 各各 y=1.069x+8.647 및 y=1.390x+1.385였다. 乳脂肪과 無脂固形分의 相關은 乳脂肪含量의 어느 制限된 限界內를 除外하곤 明確하게 直線으로 나타나지 않았으며 이들의 回歸方程式은 y=0.085x+8.597였다. 乳蛋白質이 無脂固形分에 對해서는 예리한 相關이 있었으므로 乳蛋白質에 對한 無脂固形分의 回歸方程式은 y=1.092x+4.748였다. The milk compositions of 360 milk samples taken from 3 Korean heifers and 6 cows during their lactation periods were analyzed. Coefficients of variation and, correlation, regression coefficients and regression equations between milk yield and milk constituents were calculated and tabulated. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Coefficients of variation of moisture, TS, SNF, fat, protein, lactose, and ash in milk were 0.98, 6.48, 4.79, 17.33, 8.19, 4.13 and 5.84, respectively. 2. Correlation coefficients between milk yield and milk constitutents were as follows: Milk yield was significantly (P<0.01) correlated with moisture (0.542), TS (-0.537) and fat (-0.688). The moisture showed significantly (P<0.01) negative correlation with other milk constituents. SNF was significantly (P<0.01) correlated with fat (0.164), protein (0.741), lactose (0.596) and ash (0.494). Fat had significant (P<0.01) correlation with protein (0.209) and ash (0.306). Some significant correlationships were found between protein and lactose (P<0.05), protein and ash (P<0.01). Also lactose was significantly (P<0.01) correlated with ash (0.199). 3. As most individual constitutents of milk change positively and highly significantly with changes in total solids the regression equations of TS on fat and SNF were obtained as y=1.069χ+8.647 and y=1.309χ+1.385, respectively. The relationship between fat and SNF did not clearly appear to be linear except within restricted limits of fat percentage. The regression equation of SNF on fat was obtained as y=0.085χ+8.597. There was a sharp correlation between protein and SNF, therefore the regression equation of SNF on protein was obtained as y=1.092χ+4.748.

인삼요구르트의 개발 및 보건효과에 관한 연구 : II. 인삼요구르트가 mouse 의 혈당 , 혈중 콜레스테롤 및 종양 억제에 미치는 효과 II. Effect of ginseng - yogurt on the blood glocose , serum cholesterol and inhibition of cancer in mouse

이성기,고준수,안종건,권일경,채영석,강창기,최면,김거유 한국낙농학회 1994 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.16 No.3

인삼을 첨가하여 제조한 요구르트가 mouse의 혈당 및 혈중 cholesterol 함량, 종양억제에 미치는 영향을 조사하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Mouse의 혈당 함량에는 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 3주간 인삼요구르트를 급여한 구가 대조구에 비해 수치적으로 낮은 혈당치를 보였다. 2. 인삼 첨가구와 인삼요구르트 급여구가 대조구에 비해 total cholesterol 과 cholesterolester함량은 실험시작 2주째부터, LDL-cholesterol함량은 실험시작 1주째부터 낮아졌으며, HDL-cholesterol함량은 3주째부터 높아지는 경향을 보였다. Free cholesterol함량은 각 구간에 차이가 없었다. 3. 인삼요구르트가 통계적인 유의차를 보이지는 않았으나 쥐의 복수암을 억제할 수 있는 가능성을 보였다 4. 인삼요구르트는 고형암에 효과를 미치지 못했다. The influences of ginseng-supplemented yogurt were investigated for the concentration of sugar and cholesterol in blood, and the inhibitory effects on ascites tumor and solid form sacoma. The results are summarized as followes: 1. There was no statistical significance for the blood glucose content in mouse, but the group administered ginseng yogurt for 3 weeks showed relatively low blood glucose content compared to the control group. 2. The concentration of LDL-cholesterol and cholesterol ester of the ginseng administered groups were decreased after 1 and 2 weeks respectively compared to the control group. On the contrary, the LDL-cholersterol concentrations in each groups were continuously increased after 3 weeks. 3. Ginseng-yogurt showed possibility to inhibit the growth of ascites tumor although it's inhibition was not significant statistically. 4. Ginseng-yogurt did not show any inhibitory effect on solid form sacoma.

장기적 질산염 투여에 대한 반추위내 미생물의 환원특성과 숙주동물의 반응

이성호,손용석 한국낙농학회 1993 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.15 No.4

반추동물이 고수준의 질산염을 장기간 섭취할 경우 그에 대한 적응반응의 기작을 규명하고자 in vivo와 in vitro 방법을 이용한 연구를 실시하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 반추위액내 NO₂^-농도는 3주간의 예비사양기간 동안 NaNO₃를 투여하지 않은 대조구(C)가 투여한 처리구(T1, T2)에 비해 농도가 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 2. 혈중 NO₂^- 농도는 NaNO₃ 투여후 1∼3시간에 최고치에 도달한후 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 고수준구(T2)가 저수준구(T1) 및 대조구(C)에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다. 또한, 혈중 NO₂^-농도와 반추위내 NO₂^- 농도사이에는 유의적인 상관관계가 나타났다(r²=C:0.69, T2:0.71). 3. 혈액내 MHb 농도는 저수준구(T1)와 고수준구(T2)에 비해 대조구(C)에서 유의적으로 증가하였으며(p<0.05), 개체간에 큰 변이를 보였다. MHb의 농도변화는 혈액내 NO₂^-의 농도변화와 같은 경향을 보였으며(r²=C:0.69, T1:0.87, T2:0.82), MHb 농도와 반추위내 NO₂^- 농도사이에서도 유의적인 상관관계가 관찰되었다(r² = C:0.61, T2:0.51). 4. In vitro 배양에서 medium내 NO₂^-와 NH₃의 함량은 모든 처리구에서 시간이 경과함에 따라 증가하였으며 생성속도는 대조구(C)에 비해 저수준구(T1)와 고수준구(T2)에서 유의적으로 증가하였으나, 유의적 차이는 4mM의 NaNO₃를 첨가한 구에서 나타났다(p<0.05). The present study was conducted to investigate the nature of adaptive mechanism of ruminant to prolonged nitrate supply using in vivo and in vitro experiments. The experiment was done by 3×3 Latin Square design, where three rams weighing averagely 67㎏ were divided into three treatments. Each test animal was fed alfalfa cube as a sole feed, to which 25% NaNO₃ solution was adsorbed to give 0, 100㎎, 200㎎ of NaNO₃ per ㎏ body weight for three weeks. On the last day of the treatment, 450㎎ of NaNO₃ per ㎏ body weight were admini-stered to all animals. The changes of NO₂^- in ruminal fluid and NO₂^-, MHb in blood were observed at 2 and 1 hr intervals, respectively. 1. Sheep with no administration of NaNO₃ had higher level of NO₂^- -N in the rumen than treated group significantly(p<0.05). 2. Blood NO₂^- reached their highest values within 1-3 hr after NaNO₃ administration, and decreased with time. Lower concentrations of NO₂^- were found in treatment groups(T1, T2) than in control group(C). Also, significant correlation was found between blood NO₂^- and ruminal NO₂^-(r² = C: 0.69, T2: 0.71). 3. Concentrations of MHb in control group(C) showed higher values compared to those in both treatment 1 and 2(Tl, T2) with substantial individual variations. Blood MHb had also higher correlations with blood NO₂^-(r² = C:0.69, T1:0.87, T2:0.82, p<0.05) and with ruminal NO₂^-(r² = C:0.61, T2:0.51, p<0.05). 4. In in vitro experiment, the rate of NO₂^- and NH₃ production increased in NaNO₃-treated group than in control group, but significant differences were found in medium of input of 4mM NaNO₃. These results indicate that more rapid rate of NO₃^- reduction in NaNO₃-adapted sheep may come mainly from the increase of microbial flora and their reducing activity to dispose large amount of NO₃^- in the rumen.