3T Multi Voxel Spectroscopy에서 SENSE와 NEX 변화에 따른 정상인 뇌 대사물질 변화 분석

성열훈,임재동,이재현,조성봉,우동철,최보영,Seong, Yeol-Hun,Rhim, Jae-Dong,Lee, Jae-Hyun,Cho, Sung-Bong,Woo, Dong-Chul,Choe, Bo-Young 한국의학물리학회 2008 의학물리 Vol.19 No.4

자기공명분광법(magnetic resonance spectroscopy: MRS)은 인체내 대사물질을 정량분석하여 병변의 조기진단 및 정밀진단에 도움을 주고 있으며, 최근 임상에 이용되고 있는 자기공명분광법은 single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) 기법과 multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS) 기법이 있다. 본 연구에서는 SENSE와 NEX를 변화시킨 multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS)의 데이터와 기존 single voxel spectroscopy (SVS)의 데이터를 비교 분석하여, 각각의 데이터의 유의성 차이를 평가하고자 하였다. 정상 성인 지원자 13명(남자: 5명, 여자: 8명, 평균 41세, 표준편차 11.65세)을 대상으로 chemical shift image (CSI)를 이용한 MVS검사를 시행하였다. 장비는 3.0T Achieva Release Version 2.1 (Philips Medical System, Netherland)을 이용하였고, 8 channel head coil을 사용하여 brain thalamus 부위에서 CSI spectrum을 1 slice 획득하였다. Scan parameter로는 FOV (field of view): $230{\times}184mm^2$, TR (time to repetition): 2000 msec, TE (time to echo): 288 msec, matrix: $15{\times}12$, VOI(view of interest): $110{\times}110mm^2$, voxel size: $15{\times}15{\times}15mm^3$로 하였다. SENSE factor (S)와 NEX (N)는 S1*N1, S2*N1, S2*N2, S3*N2로 변화하여 스펙트럼을 획득하였고, 각 scan time은 5분 54초, 3분 32초, 6분 20초, 4분 20초였다. 얻은 모든 MRS 데이터는 jMRUI 3.0 Version 프로그램에서 분석하였고, SENSE factor와 NEX를 변화시켜 얻은 MVS data 그룹들이 정상 성인 뇌 대사물질의 변화에 영향을 주는지 검증하기 위해 그룹 간에 ANOVA분석을 실행하여 P 값이 0.05보다 크게 나오면 그룹들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없다고 분석하였다. NAA/Cr과 Cho/Cr의 상대적 비율은 MV와 SVS사이에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 즉, SENSE factor와 NEX를 변화시켜 얻은 MVS data에서 정상 성인 뇌조직의 대사물질의 변화를 관찰한 결과, S1*N1의 NAA/Cr은 $1.45{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.88{\pm}0.03$이고, S2*N1의 NAA/Cr은 $1.44{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.05$, S2*N2의 NAA/Cr은 $1.43{\pm}0.02$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.04$이며, S3*N2의 NAA/Cr은 $1.45{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.03$으로 나타났다(F-value : 1.37, D.F : 3, P-value : 0.262). 그러나 데이터의 질을 측정하기 위한 MVS 데이터의 NAA Peak line-width는 SVS 데이터의 NAA Peak line-width 보다 약 3배 정도 넓었다. 본 연구에서는 MVS에서 SENSE factor와 NEX 값을 다양하게 변화시킨 MVS의 데이터와 SVS의 데이터가 큰 차이가 없음을 확인하였다. 즉, 어는 특정 부위의 뇌 조직의 대사물질은 MVS와 SVS 기법 모두 큰 차이가 없음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러므로 MVS는 SVS보다 광범한 부위를 짧은 시간 안에 검사할 수 있으므로 매우 유용한 방법이라고 사료된다. To evaluate the metabolic changes in normal adult brains due to alterations SENSE and NEX (number of excitation) by multi voxel MR Spectroscopy at 3.0 Tesla. The study group was composed of normal volunteers (5 men and 8 women) with a mean ($\pm$ standard deviation) age of 41 (${\pm}11.65$). Their ages ranged from 28 to 61 years. MR Spectroscopy was performed with a 3.0T Achieva Release Version 2.0 (Philips Medical System-Netherlands). The 8 channel head coil was employed for MRS acquisition. The 13 volunteers underwent multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS) and single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) on the thalamus area with normally gray matter. Spectral parameters were as follows: 15 mm of thickness; 230 mm of FOV (field of view); 2000 msecs of repetition time (TR); 288 msecs of echo time (TE); $110{\times}110$ mm of VOI (view of interest); $15{\times}15{\times}15$ mm of voxel size. Multi voxel spectral parameters were made using specially in alteration of SENSE factor (1~3) and 1~2 of NEX. All MRS data were processed by the jMRUI 3.0 Version. There was no significant difference in NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratio between MVS and SVS likewise the previous results by Ross and coworkers in 1994. In addition, despite the alterations of SENSE factor and NEX in MVS, the metabolite ratios were not changed (F-value : 1.37, D.F : 3, P-value : 0.262). However, line-width of NAA peak in MVS was 3 times bigger than that in SVS. In the present study, we demonstrated that the alterations of SENSE factor and NEX were not critically affective to the result of metabolic ratios in the normal brain tissue.

Cyclophosphamide 투여 흰쥐에서 비타민 A가 창상파열력에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

조해석,정상훈,임풍,김진철,안상태 大韓成形外科學會 1985 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.12 No.1

Cyclophosphamide lays restraints upon production of fibroblast and collagen fiber and reduce wound burst strength by acting on fibroblast in acute inflammatory phase. Vitamin A is known to increase inflammatory reaction by exerting an effect upon inflammatory cells in the beginning of the wound healing process. It shows contrary effect to cyclophosphamide. In order to study the influence of vitamin A over wound healing delay induced by cyclophosphamide in rats, we observed and compared the wound burst strength of cyclophosphamide and vitamin A combined treated group with those of control and cyclophosphamide treated group. Wound burst strength of each group was measured in the skin segments of 2×4cm obtained from the operation sites at the 3rd, 5th, 7th and 14th postoperative days after making 5cm incision and suture at the back of 72 rats. Results of the experiment are as follows; 1. Wound burst strength in control group increases slowly as days go by and shows trends of sudden increase between the 5th and 7th postoperative days. 2. Wound burst strength in cyclophosphamide treated group is markedly less than that in control group. 3. Wound burst strength in cyclophosphamide and vitamin a combined treated group shows similar level to that in control group. 4. Body weight in cyclophosphamide treated group reduces gradually as days go by. But there's no weight reduction in cyclophosphamide and vitamin A combined treated group. Judging from these results, we found the fact that vitamin A could prevent or recuperate the side effects of cyclophosphamide, delay of wound healing and worsening of general condition.

幼兒自閉症의 單一光子放出電算化斷層撮影所見과 精神病理와의 相互關係에 關한 硏究

曺洙哲,李明哲,金相殷 서울醫大 1990 精神醫學 Vol.15 No.1

近代高地獨語 zwingen 動詞의 形態變遷의 歷史的 考察

趙成喆 조선대학교 외국문화연구소 1987 外國文化硏究 Vol.10 No.1

復合母音 "ei"의 變遷과 그의 獨語 强變化動詞語 幹母音交替 硏究

趙成喆 조선대학교 인문학연구소 1983 外國文化硏究 Vol.6 No.1

敎師資源開發에 관한 一硏究

趙誠一,金永出 건국대학교 교육대학원 1994 敎育論叢 Vol.22 No.-

The aim of this study lies in enhancing teacher's speciality by allowing the teacher to learn a systematic experience in learning in educating the teacher. The development of human resources is a set of organized learning activity that attaches importance to the development of human being per se, designed to bring change in behavior to the learner, and divided into domains of training, education and development. Teacher resources development is an experience in learning which places stress on the resources of teachers per se designed to technical skills and changes in behavior to the teacher and divide into three domains such as training concerning the extra-school training and intra-school training, education regarding pre-service education and qualification education and development.

한국인 성인 안면두개골의 형태적 분류와 특징두부방사선 계측학적 연구

조상원,최영철 大韓小兒齒科學會 1999 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.26 No.1

The purpose of the present study was to investigate craniofacial patterns in Korean male and female adults, and to compare morphologic differences between different facial types. In order to get configurational groupings, standardized lateral and P-A cephalograms of 174 Korean adults were measured and analyzed with seven angular, nineteen linear, four ratio, and two index measurements. Ward's minimum variance cluster analysis was employed to divide the sample into groups having similar craniofacial morphology, and thereafter, inductive statistics (t-test) was used to characterize morphologic differences of the divided groups. And slso, Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess correlation between the cranial dimensions and upper/lower anterior facial height (UAFH, LAFH) in each facial types for both male and female. The results were as follows; 1. There existed sexual dimorphism in most of variables except SN-FH angle, palatal plane angle, facial axis angle, facial index, lower anterior facial height ratio and upper facial height ratio. 2. A brachycephalic headform (0.84 ±0.05) with leptoprosopic facial form (0.92 ±0.05) was appeared in male, and a mesocephalic headform (0.86 ±0.06) with leptoprosopic facial form (0.92 ±0.04) was exhibited in female. 3. Facial types in both male and female subjucts were divided into two groups, Group A (mesoproscpic facial type) and Group B(leptoprosopic facial type). The morphologic differences between Group A and Group B were as follow; a. Cranial measurements including index, angular and linear measurements were not found to be differect between Guoup A and Group B in both sexes. b. Increased UAFH, LAFH, and upper/lower anterior dental heights were exhibited in Group Bs of both male and female. c. In both male and female, ramus height and mandible length showed no difference between Group A and Group B. However, gonial angle was found to be larger in Group B than Group A. Therefore, the morphologic differences between two groups in male and female were closely related to less favorable anatomic morphology of the mandible. 4. LAFH and UAFH showed no relationships with cranial dimensions in male and female.

Profile Index에 따른 Panelipse Ⅱ 放射線 像層의 變化

曺哲鎬,成在鉉 慶北大學校 齒科大學 1985 慶北齒大論文集 Vol.2 No.1

This research was made to investigate the change of the image layer and of the vertical and horizontal magnification on the Panelipse radiographic image by the control of profile index. Using the Panelipse, a series of 60 exposures were taken with the steel balls placed in the holes of the plastic model plate, and then evaluated by 4 observers. Two points were assigned for a reading of sharp, one for middling sharp, and zero for unsharp. Each ball image then could be given a total reader score of 0 to 8. The author analyzed the image layer as defined by a sharpness score of 6 or more. The resutls obtained were as follows: As the profile index was increased, the shape of the image layer was not changed, and the width of the image layer was increased, and the position of the layer shifted away from the rotation center. As the profile index was increased, the ranges of vertical and horizontal magnification was increased, especially the ranges of horizontal magnification was greater than that of vertical magnification.

Binaural beat 훈련이 골프선수들의 생리적 변화 및 골프 퍼팅수행력에 미치는 영향

조현철,김성연,임성규 용인대학교 국제스포츠과학연구원 체육과학연구소 2008 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.18 No.1

The purpose of this study was to increase a efficiency on physiological reaction and putting ability of golfer when they were used Binaural-beat. Participants were fourteen man aged 21-27 years in university golfer. They were tested both before and after Binaural-beat by EEG, EMG, Heart Rate and putting of three times at 4m range. The results as follow: 1. Alpha wave was a statistical significantly increased, beta and theta wave were not statistical significantly increased when it apply the Binural-beat. 2. EMG on apply the Binural-beat was lower than meditation. Especially, there were statistical significantly difference in Trapezius and Erector spinae, were not statistical significantly difference in Tibialis anterior. 3. There was no statistical significantly difference in heart rate when it apply the Binural-beat. As this results, We Binural-beat training was given a positive influence in brain alpha wave and lower of muscles activity. Therefore, we think that it can help to concentration elevation.

한국형 출혈열 환자에서 분리한 한타 바이러스의 핵산 분석

조종태,윤성철,안규리,한진석,김성권,이정상 단국대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.33 No.-

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)is an infectious disease showing diverse clinical manifestations according to different serotypes of hantavirus. On the assumption that the antigenicity, nucleotide and amino acid sequence diversity of hantaviruses, as well as immune response diversity of individual KHF patients may be present, this study was performed to analyse the genetic diversity of hantaviruses isolated from patients with KHF. In the 13 samples hantaviral RNAs were extracted, cDNAs of partial M segment were amplified by RT-PCR using genus-reactive primer, amplified cNNAs were analyzed by direct sequencing method, and then the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were compared with previously known sequences of four serotypes of hantavirus isolated from rodent hosts and each other by the computer assistance. The results were as follows. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of 11 samples among the 13 human isolates showed 90.3∼95.5%, 86.7∼97.9% the other 1 samples 82.7%, 71.9% homology respectively to those of Hantaan virus 76-118 strain, and another 1 sample showed 83.7%, 75.3% homology respectively to those of Seoul virus B1 strain isolated from rodent host. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of 7 among 12 Hantaan samples showed differences within 5%, 10% respectively each other and high genetic similarities, but those of the oehr 5 among 12 Hantaan samples showed low genetic similarities each other. In conclusion, hantaviruese isolated from KHF patients showed genetic diversity compared with previously known hantaviruses isolated from rodent hosts.