네모나프라이드의 유효성 및 추체외로 부작용 : Haloperidol 및 Risperidone과의 자연관찰적 개방형 비교연구 A Naturalistic Open Comparative Study with Haloperidol and Risperidone

서영수,김용관,신동환,공보금,이정구,박정환,윤성환,정치영,이상경,김영훈 대한생물치료정신의학회 2001 생물치료정신의학 Vol.7 No.2

Objectives : This open prospective study was performed in order to evaluate the efficacy and extrapyramidal adverse effects of nemonapride in the schizophrenic patients, and was compared wit one of typical antipshchotics. haloperidol and one of atypical antipsychotics, risperidone. Methods : Thirty male and female schizophrenic patients(DSM-Ⅳ) were treated for 12 weeks with haloperidol(n=10), risperidone(n=10) and nemonapride(n=10). The overall efficacy was assessed at baseline, 1st week, 2nd week, 4th week, 8th week, and 12th week by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia(PANSS). Also the overall safety was assessed in the same time period by the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale(ESRS). Results : There were no significant differences in PANSS scores(total, positive, negative, and general psycho­pathology subscale) among haloperidol, risperidone, and nemonapride groups, Treatment responders, defined as at least 20% reduction of baseline total PANSS score, were achieved by 8 patients(80%) in haloperidol group, 10 patients(100%) in risperidone group, and 8 patients(80%) in nemonapride group. And there were no significant differences in ESRS total scores among haloperidol, risperidone, and nemonapride group. Inter-group comparison among haloperidol, risperidone and nemonapride group, as assessed by the ESRS, revealed no significant differences in the shifts to the maximum score, 9.4(±9.4), 6.2(±8.4), and 11.3(±8.1) respectively, and also revealed no significant differences in the mean time reaching the maximum score, 4.5(±4.5) week, 7.8(±4.8) week, and 4.6(±4.4) week, respectivily. Conclusion : There wee no significant differences in the efficacy and extrapyramidal adverse effects among haloperidal, rispecridone and nemonapride groups. These results suggest that nemonapride was as efficacious and safe in he treatment of schizophrenia, as well known and widely used antipsychotics, haloperidol and risperidone.

일반 초등학교에 통합된 자폐범주성장애 학생의 또래괴롭힘 경험과 위험요인 분석

박인환(In-Hwan Park),김영신(Young-Shin Kim),이승연(Seung-Yeon Lee) 한국발달지원학회 2023 발달지원연구 Vol.12 No.3

본 연구는 일반 초등학교에 통합된 ASD(Autism Spectrum Disorder) 학생들을 대상으로 또래괴롭힘 경험률과 ASD의 하위 증상(‘사회적 상호작용 및 의사소통에서의 손상’, ‘제한적이고 반복적인 패턴의 행동, 활동, 관심’), 외현화 및 내재화 문제, 그리고 누적적 위험요인의 피해경험과 가해행동에 대한 예측력을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 캘리포니아 대학 김영신 교수가 05-10년에 수집한, 일반 초등학교 1-6학년, IQ 70 이상, ASD로 진단받은 총 132명의 자료를 분석하였다. 그 결과, ASD 학생 보고에 의하면 가해-피해율(43.9%)이 가장 높았고, 그 다음은 피해율(24.2%), 가해율(8.3%) 순이었다. 부모 보고에서도 가해-피해율(56.8%)이 가장 높았으나, 가해율(23.5%)은 피해율(12.9%)보다 높았다. 회귀분석 결과, 우울 증상은 ASD 학생이 보고한 피해경험을 정적으로, 신체화 증상은 부적으로 예측하였다. 한편, 부모 보고에 의하면, ‘제한적이고 반복적인 패턴의 행동, 활동, 관심’은 피해경험을 부적으로, 공격성은 가해행동을 정적으로 예측하였다. 또한, 누적적 위험요인은 피해경험과 가해행동을 선형적으로 예측하였다. 본 연구를 토대로 이론적 함의와 개입 시사점을 제안하였다. This study was conducted on ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) students in regular elementary schools to examine the prevalence of bullying and the exffects of the sub-symptoms of ASD ('deficits in social interaction and communication', 'restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, activities, or interests'), externalizing and internalizing problems, and cumulative risk factor on victimization and perpetration. For this purpose, a total of 132 data collected from 2005 to 2010 by professor Kim Young-shin of the University of California, 1st to 6th grade elementary school students, IQ 70 or higher, and diagnosed with ASD were analyzed. As a result, according to ASD student reports, the victimization-victimization rate (43.9%) was the highest, followed by the victimization rate (24.2%) and the victimization rate (8.3%). The victimization-victimization rate (56.8%) was the highest in parental reports too, but the victimization rate (23.5%) was higher than the victimization rate (12.9%). In regression analysis, depressive symptoms positively predicted victimization reported by ASD students, and somatization symptoms negatively predicted this. Meanwhile, as parent reports, ‘restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, activities, or interests’ negatively predicted victimization, and aggression positively predicted perpetration. Additionally, cumulative risk factor linearly predicted victimization and perpetration. Based on this study, theoretical implications and intervention implications were proposed.

비만증 환자에서 한약제에 의한 체중 감소효과

Oh, Seung-Joon,Jeong, In-Kyung,Kim, Young-Seol,Choi, Young-Kil,Paeng, Jeong-Ryung,Bae, Jung-Hwan,Shin, Hyun-Dae 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Seung-Joon Oh, In-Kyung Jeong, Young-Seol Kim, Young-Kil Choi, Jeong-Ryung Paeng¹, Jung-Hwan Bae and Hyun-Dae Shin²Department of internal Medicine, College Medicine, Endocrine Research Institute¹. Department of Rehabilitation, College of Oriental Medicine², Seoul, korea. Bady Fat Reduction Effects of Red Ginseng Compound Preparation on the Patients with Obesity. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 244-254, 1999.-Obesity can be defined as a metabolic disease due to an increased state of fat tissues caused by an imbalance of calorie intake and use. Recently, in Korea by improvement and westernization of food intake, along with decrease in exercise activities, the prevalence of obesity has increased greatly. Our objectives were to study stability and effects of decrease in body fat by administering red ginseng compound preparation (known to have body fat decreasing effects in laboratory animals) to obesity patients on low calorie diets. Changes in weight and body fat were measured while carrying out calorie-restricted diets on patients for 4 weeks, then administering red ginseng compound preparation for another 4 weeks. The patients were 20 people whose BMI were 25kg/㎡ or over and whose percent body fat was also 30% or over when tested by bioelectrical conductivity. 1. Changes in weight were from 70.04kg(base line) to 67.43kg(after taking red ginseng compound preparation). 2. In similar sense, BMI decreased from 27.12kg/㎡(base line) to 26.56kg/㎡(after dieting), and further to 26.01kg/㎡ (after taking red ginseng compound preparation). The BMI seemed to decrease significantly compared to the baseline after the use of red ginseng compound. 3. Waist hip ratio was changed from 0.8858(base line) to 0.8728, but it was statistically insignificant. 4. The percent body fat was 35,16%(base line), 33.87%(after dieting), and 31.68%(after taking red ginseng compound preparation). 5. Complete blood cell count and blood chemisrty remained unaffected by the administration. 6. In concern to endocrinologic studies, T3 decreased from 118.7 to 98.2ng/dL, and T4 increased from 8.8 to 9.2㎕/ dL. Epinephrine showed a tendency to decreased from 0.27 to 0.25 ng/mL, and norepinephrine increased from 0.39 to 0.44ng/mL. 7. Leptin was not changed. 8. Some patients complained adverse effects; constipation(5 patients, may be due to diet therapy), fatigue (2 patients), pruritus(2 patients), flushing(s patients), dizziness(3 patients) and epigastric discomfort(2 patients). However their symptoms were mild, so medication did not stopped. In conclusion, loss of weight without significant side effects was observed during low calorie diet and red ginseng compound preparation administration. This is thought to be in relation to sympathetic nerve system rather than adrenal gland. Also, further long0term studies should be required, since the observed results were based on short-term changes in weight.

간승격(肝勝格) 혈위(穴位)에 시술된 침자(鍼刺)와 침습(侵襲) 및 비침습(非侵襲) 레이저 침요법(鍼療法)이 간손상(肝損傷) 회복에 미치는 영향

신형진 ( Hyung Jin Shin ),김영선 ( Young Sun Kim ),윤대환 ( Dae Hwan Youn ),이석희 ( Suk Hee Lee ),오광환 ( Gwang Hwan Oh ),정성호 ( Sung Ho Jeong ),나창수 ( Chang Su Na ) 대한경락경혈학회 2010 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.27 No.1

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the effect of manual acupuncture, invasive laser acupuncture and laser skin irradiation at LU8, LR4, HT8 and LR2(Liver Seunggyeok) on D-galN-induced liver injury in rats. Method: Liver injury was induced with D-galN. The experimental rats were divided four groups(Control group, EXP-1, EXP-2, EXP-3). In the Control group, liver injury-induced and not treated. EXP-1 group was liver injury-induced and carried out manual acupuncture with Young-Su(against the meridian course and following the course of the meridian) & Won-Bang(by twisting and rotating the needle) acupuncture method at Liver Seunggyeok. EXP-2 group was liver injury-induced and carried out invasive laser acupuncture at Liver Seunggyeok. EXP-3 group was liver injury-induced and carried out laser skin irradiation at Liver Seunggyeok. Result: In the change of body weight(in 1 week), EXP-1, EXP-2 and EXP-3 groups were significantly increased as compared with control group. In the change AST & ALT, EXP-1 and EXP-2 groups were significantly decreased as compared with control group. In the change of SOD, EXP-1, EXP-2 and EXP-3 groups were significantly increased as compared with control group. In the change of WBC, EXP-2 group was significantly increased as compared with control group. Conclusion: Manual acupuncture, invasive laser acupuncture and laser skin irradiation at Liver Seunggyeok had hepatotherapeutic effect on the treatment of hepatocytotoxity. Invasive laser acupuncture was as effective as manual acupuncture on the treatment of hepatocytotocity.

정보처리를 위한 컴퓨터교육의 학문적 기반 분석

신수범,이철환,김영기 인천교육대학교 초등교육연구소 2001 교육논총 Vol.18 No.-

현재 초등학교 컴퓨터 교육과정에 나타난 내용을 분석하여 보면 일반화 된 컴퓨터와 네트워크의 용도를 효율적으로 재구성하지 못하고 있으며 컴퓨터 교육과정과 그 이외의 교육과정에서 정보를 관리할 수 있는 내용으로 구성되어 있지 않다. 또한 소프트웨어의 기능 습득에 그치고 있으며 컴퓨터와 정보통신기술이 교육적 관점에서 재해석되어 있지 않고 전문적인 개념이 그대로 교육과정에 삽입되어 있는 형편이다. 이러한 점은 컴퓨터 교육의 기반이 되는 학문적 영역에 대한 연구가 새롭게 구성되어야 할 필요성을 제시하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하고, 컴퓨터 교육의 명확한 자리매김을 제공하기 위하여 컴퓨터 교육의 학문적 기반을 분석해 보고자 한다. There are two major curricula concepts of computer education. One is a kind of tool based curriculum that could enhance the quality of instruction and learning, such as, information and communication technology(ICT) in education, computer education as a tool, or computer/web based education. The other is a kind of content based curriculum that could handle what computer is and/ or how computer works. This is so called 'computer science education'. Because information technology has changed very rapidly and the related research is not enough, there have always been some gaps between theory and practice. When we carefully investigate the current curriculum of computer education, professionally organized contents in computer and network theory are used in elementary school. We need to re-organize the contents which is adequate to children. This situation implies it is very necessary to analyze current curriculum and setup a direction of computer education based theoretical approach in information processing area. Therefore, the main purpose of the study was to find out what computer curriculum should be changed and organized for elementary school teachers as well as students in computer education. The concept of computer education was summarized. The study surveyed and analyzed interdisciplinary subject areas related computer education, such as, computer science, information science, and cognitive science, etc.

항정신병약물에 의한 급성 추체외로증후군에서의 감각증상

신유호,장환일,신영우,윤도준 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.2

About 40% of patients suffering from postencephalitic or idiopathic parkinsonism experience distressing and ill-defined sensations. Antipsychotic-induced acute extrapyramidal syndromes(EPSs) share phenomenological, pharmacological, and biochemical characteristics with these parkinsonisms. Thus, it is conceivable that antipsychotic-induced acute EPSs may also be associated with primary sensory symptoms. The aim of this study was to test this hypothesis, first by examining the frequency and risk factors of primary sensory symptoms and then by contrasting the clinical characteristics in patients with or without antipsychotic-induced acute EPSs and in patients who did or did not report sensory symptoms. The study group comprised 107 patients who receiving antipsychotics. The authors used DSM-IV criteria and Yale Extrapyramidal Symptom Scale for acute EPSs and modified McGill Pain Questionnaire for sensory symptoms. The results were as follows : 1) Twenty-one(19.6%) of 107 patients receiving antipsychotics reported sensory symptoms. Among these 21 patients, 12(57.1%) reported paresthesia, 6(28.6%) reported pain, 3(14.3%) reported both. 2) Fifteen(34%) of the 44 patients with antipsychotic-induced EPSs reported sensory symptoms, while only 6(9.5%) of the 63 patients without EPSs reported sensory symptoms(p<0.01). The severity of sensory symptoms was significantly correlated with the EPSs rating score(p=0.01). 3) In the patients with sensory symptoms, the women significantly outnumbered the men(p<0.05). Any risk factor of sensory symptoms, however, couldn't be found in age, diagnosis, and drugs. The subjective response including sensory symptoms were associated with drug response, drug compliance, quality of life and prognosis. It is suggested that further systematic investigation and interest about sensory symptoms and subjective response of the acute EPSs should be needed.

저압 증발하의 열교환 특성에 관한 연구

신유식,이윤환,서종수,전영흥,정효민,정한식 경상대학교 해양산업연구소 2002 해양산업연구소보 Vol.15 No.-

The purpose of this research is to obtain the characteristics of heat transfer or heat exchange under the vacuum pressure. The general heat transfer or heat exchange can be changed with the experimental environment. In this report, the exothermic calorie and endothermic calorie were measured under the vacuum chamber. These two kinds of calories show the evaporative and condensing sides, respectively, and these calories were measured by using the parameter with flow rate.

그루지아 민가의 전통 발효유에서 분리한 유산균의 이화학적 특성

신승이,최기춘,김종현,박정수,이영환 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 1999 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.34 No.-

그루지아의 전통 발효유로부터 유산 생성과 항균성이 우수한 3주의 균주를 최종 분리, 선발하고 각각 Lactobacillus bulgaricus (L bulga G82), Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acid G86), 그리고, Streptococcus thermophilus (S. thermo G90)로 동정하였다. 이들 유산균을 starter로 요구르트를 제조하여 이화학적 특성을 조사한 결과, pH는 4.0∼4.5의 범위를 보였으며, pH 4.0으로 L. acid G86 균주가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 또한 0.1N HCl에 대한 완충능은 4.50∼5.12ml, 0.1N NaOHdp 대한 완충능은 3.74∼4.98ml의 범위를 보였고, 3 균주 중 L acid G86 균주가 산-염기에 대하여 가장 높은 완충능을 나타내었다. 산도는 0.95∼1.16%, 점도는 1,984∼2,232 cps 그리고 생균수는 1.4x109∼3.0x109으로 조사 되었다. in vitro에서의 콜레스테롤 저하 정도는 L. acid G86 균주가 약 35%로 가장 높은 저하 정도를 보였고, L. bulga G82와 S. thermo G90 균주는 각각 약 32%, 24%이었다. Three strains of inhibitory lactic acid bacteria against pathogenic microorganism were isolated from traditional fermented milk of Georgia, and than, identified to be Lactobacillus bulgaricus (L bulga G82), Lactobacillus acidophilus (L acid G86) and Streptococcus thermophilus (S. thermo G90), respectively. These strains were used to starter for yogurts. So, we made yogurts, and evaluated their phyco-chemical properties. The range of pH value was 4.0∼4.5, and L. acid G86 strain was the lower pH value for 4,0. The buffer capacity against 0.1N HCI and 0.1N NaOH were 4,50~5.12ml and 3.74~4.98ml. The acidity, viscosity and viable cell counts of yogurt were 0.95∼1/16%, 1.984∼2,232 cps and 1.4x109∼3.0x109, respectively. Among the three strains, L. acid G86 strain was have the best ability of lowering cholesterol level in vitro, the value were about 35%. The L. bulga G82 and S. thermo G90 were around 32% and 24%, respectively.

(s, S) 예비품재고모형의 운용비용에 관한 연구

신주환,박영택 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1990 論文集 Vol.41 No.1

This paper deals with a continuous review (s, S) spare-part inventory model for multiple operating units, in which stock depletion arises not from external market demand but from internal demand resulting from failures of the units in use. In this paper, we consider the following situation. N units having identical exponential lifetimes are operating simultaneously and the replenishment lead time is general. In the (s, S) spare-part inventory model, a quantity Q =S-s is ordered each time the inventory level reaches the reorder point s. Average annual cost of operating the inventory system is derived under the assumption that there is never more than a single order outstanding.

Electromyography 기법을 이용한 씨름 덧걸이 기술의 상체 근 동원 비교분석

신성휴,임영태,김태완,박기자,권문석 한국운동역학회 2003 한국운동역학회지 Vol.13 No.1

Shin, S-H · Lim, Y-T · Kim, T-H · Park, K-J and Kwon, M-S. Electromyographical Analysis of Muscle Activities of Upper Trunk for Ssireum Dutguri Technique. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 95-108. The purposes of this study were to analyze the muscle activities and the characteristics of muscle recruiting patterns of upper trunk for Ssirum dutguri technique using three top-ranked elite Ssirum players. The EMG technique was used to record muscle activities of both right and left sides of latissimus dorsi, biceps brachii, and erector spinae. Six surface electrodes were placed on the surface of the selected muscles and one ground electrode was also attached on the back of neck(C7). One video camera was also used to record the Ssirum motion to define 4 events and 3 phases for further analysis. The raw EMG data were filtered with band pass filter (50-400 Hz) to remove artifacts and then low pass filtered (4 Hz) to find the linear envelope which resemble muscle tension curve. This filtered EMG data were normalized to MVIC for the purpose of comparion between the subjects. The results were indicated that each subject with different physical characteristics showed very different muscle activity patterns. Although Ssirum dutguri is considered as foot technique the player grasped opponent's satba(belt) with both hands when they play. Because of this reason, activities of upper trunk muscles were relatively high. However, direct comparison between upper and lower body muscles was not possible due to the lack of the data in present study. Interestingly, all threes subjects showed that erector spinae muscle activity was comparatively higher than those of latissimus dorsi and biceps brachii. This implies to reinforce back muscle as a routine of training to improve performance or to prevent back injury. implies to reinforce back muscle as a routine of training to improve performance or to prevent back injury.