The Evolving Policy Debate on Border Closure in Korea

Su-Jin Kang,Jihyun Moon,Heewon Kang,Heekyoung Nam,Sangwoo Tak,Sung-Il Cho 대한예방의학회 2020 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.53 No.5

302 Copyright © 2020 The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine J Prev Med Public Health 2020;53:302-306 • https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.213 The Evolving Policy Debate on Border Closure in Korea SuJin Kang1, Jihyun Moon2, Heewon Kang1, Heekyoung Nam3, Sangwoo Tak1, Sung-il Cho1,3 1Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; 2Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea; 3Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea Brief Report Objectives: In this paper, we aimed to investigate the evolving debate over border closure in Korea during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, to address the main themes associated with border closure, and to discuss the factors that need to be considered when making such decisions. Methods: We collated and reviewed previously conducted review studies on border closures during infectious disease outbreaks to derive relevant themes and factors. Results: According to our systematic review on border closures and travel restrictions, the effects of such containment efforts are limited. We suggest considering the following factors when determining whether to impose border closure measures: (1) disease characteristics, (2) timeliness of implementation, (3) transmission delay and the basic reproduction number, (4) globalization and pandemics, and (5) social and economic costs. Conclusions: Our assessment indicates that the effects of border closures are at best temporary and limited. Alternative measures must be contemplated and implemented to suppress the spread of COVID-19 in particular and infectious diseases more broadly.

근막 결손의 복원과 자궁천골인대 고정을 통한 전자궁적출술 후 질탈출의 성공적 교정

문화숙(Hwa Sook Moon),최진국(Jin Koo Choi),김경서(Kyung Seo Kim),박근식(Kyun Sik Park),황지영(Ji Young Hwang),문성은(Sung Eun Moon),한지원(Ji Won Han),김상국(Sang Gook Kim),김상갑(Sang Gap Kim) 대한산부인과학회 2002 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.45 No.7

Objective : To report the method and efficacy of the site specific-defects repair in the endopelvic fascia and uterosacral ligament suspension for the correction of posthysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse. Methods : This study was performed in 3 patients with posthyterectomy vaginal vault prolapse who underwent the surgery for the reconstruction of endopelvic fascia and the correction of vault prolapsed vagina by using uterosacral ligament suspension at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Moon-Hwa Hospital. Among them, 1 patient was treated by laparotomy, and 2 patients were treated by laparoscope. Results : The age of patients ranged from 49 to 67 years. The mean operation time was 111 minutes (105-120 minutes). The status of postoperative vagina was normal in all 3 patients, who were discharged 9 days after operation without symptoms. No complication or recurrence were found in them despite long-term follow-up for 24 months, 12 months, 7 months, respectively after operation. One patient has been treated with HRT therapy. Conclusion : The reconstruction of the defect of endopelvic fascia and uterosacral ligament fixation may be very safe, effective, and functional in the correction of vaginal vault prolapse. This study reports the treatment of vaginal vault prolapse using uterosacral ligament within Korea for the first time.

달 궤도 진입 목표값 변화에 따른 궤도요소 변화 연구

최수진,김인규,문상만,민승용,류동영,Choi, Su-Jin,Kim, In-Kyu,Moon, Sang-Man,Min, SeungYong,Rew, Dong-Young 항공우주시스템공학회 2015 항공우주시스템공학회지 Vol.9 No.4

Korea Aerospace Research Institute(here after KARI) has a plan to launch experimental lunar orbiter in 2018, and lunar orbiter and lander in 2020. There are several ways to go to the moon. Which one is direct transfer trajectory and another one is phasing loop transfer trajectory and the other one is WSB trajectory. Regardless of the transfer trajectories, LOI maneuver is the most important maneuver of all mission sequences because if this burn is failed, it is too difficult to get into the lunar orbit in the future. This paper describes first LOI target value of foreign lunar orbiters and analyzes orbital variations of experimental lunar orbiter according to various target values. By analyzing the variation of orbiter parameter after first LOI, proper orbital period for LOI target value are recommended to meet the inclination, apoapsis and periapsis altitude constraints.

달 탐사선의 발사 요구조건 및 임무궤도 사례연구

석병석(Suk, Byong-suk),민승용(Min, Seung-yong),권재욱(Kwon, Jae-wook),김창균(Kim, Chang-kyoon),문상만(Moon, Sang-man),최수진(Choi, Su-jin),구철회(Koo, Cheol-hea),김인규(Kim, In-kyu),류동영(Ryu, Dong-young) 한국항공우주연구원 2015 항공우주산업기술동향 Vol.13 No.2

시험용 달 궤도선의 발사 요구조건 사전 분석 단계로 최근 외국에서 발사한 달 탐사선의 발사 요구조건을 분석하였다. 일반적으로 달 탐사선의 발사 요구조건은 달 임무 궤도를 결정하는 중요한 요소이며, 또한 지구, 달, 태양의 상대적인 운동으로 인해 임무궤도 요구조건을 만족하는 발사 가능 시간이 주기적으로 반복되는 경향이 있다. 분석 결과 설정된 발사 요구조건들로부터 달 궤도선의 주 임무가 달의 남/북극 지역의 광학 관측 임을 간접적으로 알 수 있었다. 향후 우리나라 달 궤도선 발사 요구 조건 설정에 본 논문이 도움이 되길 기대한다. In the preliminary study on launch window requirement for Korea Path-finder Lunar Orbiter(KPLO), the recent foreign lunar orbiter’s lauch window requirement was analyzed. Normally, the launch requirements depends on the mission orbit. Based on the relationship between Moon, Earth, and Sun, the launch time will be available periodically to meet requirements. In this paper, it is understood that the launch window requirements come from payload mission requirements to take picture each poles of Moon. This paper might be a practical example to derive KPLO launch requirements in the future.

Subacute Oral Toxicity Study of Korean Red Ginseng Extract in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Sang-Jin Park,Kwang-Hyun Lim,Jeong-Ho Noh,Eun Ju Jeong,Yong-Soon Kim,Byung-Cheol Han,Seung-Ho Lee,Kyoung-Sik Moon 한국독성학회 2013 Toxicological Research Vol.29 No.4

Ginseng is a well-known traditional medicine used in Asian countries for several thousand years, and it is currently applied to medicine, cosmetics, and nutritional supplements due to its many healing and energygiving properties. It is well demonstrated that ginsenosides, the main ingredient of ginseng, produce a variety of pharmacological and therapeutic effects on central nerve system (CNS) disorders, cardiovascular disease, endocrine secretions, aging, and immune function. Korean red ginseng extract is a dietary supplement containing ginsenoside Rb1 and ginsenoside Rg1 extracted from Panax ginseng. While the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of the extract have been well established, its toxicological properties remain obscure. Thus, four-week oral toxicity studies in rats were conducted to investigate whether Korean red ginseng extract could have a potential toxicity to humans. The test article was administered once daily by oral gavage to four groups of male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at dose levels of 0, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg/day for four weeks. Neither deaths nor clinical symptoms were observed in any group during the experiment. Furthermore, no abnormalities in body weight, food consumption, ophthalmology, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross findings, organ weights, or histopathology were revealed related to the administration of the test article in either sex of any dosed group. Therefore, a target organ was not determined in this study, and the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of Korean red ginseng extract was established to be 2,000 mg/kg/day.

The Effect of HemoHIM on Ultraviolet B-induced Acute Skin Damages in Mouse

Jin-Hee Lee,Hae-june Lee,Joong-sun Kim,Jong-choon Kim,Changjong Moon,Uhee Jung,Hae Ran Park,Sung Kee Jo,Sung Ho Kim 한국실험동물학회 2009 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.25 No.4

The effect of an herbal preparation (HemoHIM) on the changes of ultraviolet (UV) light B radiationinduced apoptotic sunburn cell (SBC) in SKH1-hr mouse and epidermal ATPase-positive dendritic cell (DC) in ICR mouse were investigated. The mice were treated with UVB (200 mJ/㎠) and were sacrificed 24 hours later. HemoHIM was administered intraperitoneally at a dosage of 50 ㎎/㎏ of body weight at 36 and 12 hours pre-irradiation and/or 30 minutes post-irradiation, or orally at a dosage of 250 ㎎/㎏ of body weight/day for 7 days before irradiation and/or for 1 day after irradiation. HemoHIM cream (0.075, 0.2 or 0.6%) or cream base (vehicle) was topically treated at 24 hours and 15 minutes before irradiation, and immediately after irradiation. The skin of SKH1-hr mouse of untreated group exhibited about 0.3 SBC/cm length of epidermis, and 24 hours after UV irradiation, the applied areas show an increased number of SBCs. But the frequency of UVB-induced SBC formation was reduced by intraperitoneal injection of HemoHIM (P<0.05) at pre-irradiation. The numbers of DC in normal ICR mouse were 628.00±51.56 or 643.20±61.36 per ㎟ of ear epidermis. By 1 day after UVB treatment, the number of DC/㎟ was decreased by 39.9% or 32.2% in i.p. or topical application group with vehicle. Treatment of HemoHIM was associated with increasement of 29.1% in i.p. group (P<0.05) and 17.9% in topical application group (in case of 0.2% treatment) in the number of DC compared with the irradiation control group. The results presented herein that HemoHIM administration might reduce the extent of skin damages produced by UVB.

Crystal Structures of Human FIH-1 in Complex with Quinol Family Inhibitors

Moon, Hyun-Jin,Han, So-Jung,Park, Hyun-Sung,Choe, Jung-Woo Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2010 Molecules and cells Vol.29 No.5

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) plays an important role as a transcription factor under hypoxia. It activates numerous genes including those involved in angiogenesis, glucose metabolisms, cell proliferation and cell survival. The HIF-1${\alpha}$ subunit is regulated by 2-oxoglutarate (OG)- and Fe(II)-dependent hydroxylases, including Factor Inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1). FIH-1 hydroxylates Asn803 of HIF-1${\alpha}$ and blocks its interaction with co-activating molecules. Quinol family compounds such as 5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline (Clioquinol) have been shown to inhibit the hydroxylation activity of FIH-1. Here we determined the complex crystal structures of FIH-1: Clioquinol and FIH-1: 8-Hydroxyquinoline. Clioquinol and 8-Hydroxyquinoline bind to the active site of FIH-1 by coordinating the Fe(II) ion, thereby inhibiting the binding of a co-substrate, 2OG. Contrary to other known FIH-1 inhibitors that have negative charges, Clioquinol and 8-hydroxyquinoline are neutral in charge and can provide a template for improved inhibitor design that can selectively inhibit FIH-1.

Characterization of allergic response induced by repeated dermal exposure of IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 transgenic mice to low dose formaldehyde

Moon-Hwa Kwak,Ji-Eun Kim,Jun Go,Eun-Kyoung Koh,Sung-Hwa Song,Ji-Eun Sung,Seung-Yun Yang,Beum-Soo An,Young-Jin Jung,Jae-Ho Lee,Yong Lim,Dae-Youn Hwang 한국실험동물학회 2014 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.30 No.3

Although formaldehyde (FA) is known to be a major allergen responsible for allergic contact dermatitis, there are conflicting reports regarding correlation between FA exposure and interleukin (IL-4) expression. To investigate whether allergic responses including IL-4 expression were induced by repeated dermal exposure to low dose FA, alterations in the luciferase signal and allergic phenotypes were measured in IL- 4/Luc/CNS-1 transgenic (Tg) mice containing luciferase cDNA under control of the IL-4 promoter after exposure to 4% FA for 2 weeks. High levels of luciferase were detected in the abdominal region of the whole body and submandibular lymph node (SLN) of FA treated mice. Additionally, the ear thickness and IgE concentration were significantly upregulated in the FA treated group when compared with the acetone olive oil (AOO) treated group. FA treated mice showed enhanced auricular lymph node (ALN) weight, epidermis and dermis thickness, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Furthermore, the expression of IL-6 among T helper 2 cytokines was higher in the FA treated group than the AOO treated group, while vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels remained constant. Overall, the results presented herein provide additional evidence that various allergic responses may be successfully induced in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice after exposure to low dose FA for 2 weeks. The luciferase signal under the IL-4 promoter may reflect general indicators of the allergic response induced by exposure to low dose FA.

Design and Implementation of the RF Systems for Bi-directional Wireless Capsule Endoscopes

Moon, Yeon-Kwan,Lee, Jyung-Hyun,Park, Hee-Joon,Lee, Ju-Gab,Ryu, Jae-Jong,Lee, Wu-Seong,Woo, Sang-Hyo,Won, Chul-Ho,Cho, Jin-Ho,Choi, Hyun-Chul Korea Multimedia Society 2006 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.9 No.12

This paper explains that the RF systems for hi-directional wireless capsule endoscopes were designed and implemented. The designed RF systems for a capsule endoscope can transmit the images of intestines from the inside to the outside of a body and the behavior of the capsules can be controlled by an external controller simultaneously. The hi-directional wireless capsule endoscope consists of a CMOS image sensor, FPGA, LED, battery, DC to DC Converter, transmitter, receiver, and antennas. The transmitter and receiver which were used in the hi-directional capsule endoscope, were designed and fabricated with $10mm(diameter){\times}3.2mm(thickness)$ dimensions taking into the MPE, power consumption, system size, signal to noise ratio and modulation method. The RF systems designed and implemented for the hi-directional wireless capsule endoscopes system were verified by in-vivo experiments. As a result, the RF systems for the hi-directional wireless capsule endoscopes satisfied the design specifications.

F-37 : Free Paper Presentation ; Prediction of Drug Resistant Pathogens with Current Criteria of Healthcare-associated Pneumonia

( Jin Kyeong Park ),( Hyun Jung Kim ),( Sei Won Lee ),( Eun Kyung Kim ),( Yee Hyung Kim ),( Ji Yong Moon ),( Kyung Hoon Min ),( Sung Soo Park ),( So Young Park ),( Yong Bum Park ),( Yun Su Sim ),( Kwa 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2013 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.116 No.-

Healthcare-associated pneumonia includes a heterogeneous group of patients in frequent contact with health care systems. However, current criteria of HCAP poorly predict the potentially drug-resistant pathogens (PDR). The objective of this review is to assess the accuracy of prediction of PDR pathogens using HCAP criteria. Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched. We examined the titles and abstracts of 6383 articles and the full-text versions of 1598 articles. We included 21 studies in our review and calculated pooled sensitivities and specificities with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Twenty one articles included 12597 patients (7658 community acquired pneumonia and 4939 HCAP patients) from 8 different countries. Pooled sensitivity was 0.65 (95% CI 0.63-0.66) and specificity was 0.70 (95% CI 0.69-0.71). With 10 studies provided all PDR pathogens, sensitivity was 0.66 (95% CI 0.63-0.69) and specificity was 0.69 (95% CI 0.65-0.68). With only Asian population, sensitivity was 0.68 (95% CI 0.65-0.70) and specificity was 0.60 (95% CI 0.58-0.62) while non-Asian population showed sensitivity of 0.63 (95% CI 0.61-0.65) and specificity of 0.74 (95% CI 0.73-0.75). Six prospective studies showed sensitivity of 0.65 (95% CI 0.59-0.70) and specificity of 0.73 (95% CI 0.71-0.74) while 15 retrospective studies showed sensitivity of 0.65 (95% CI 0.63-0.66) and specificity of 0.68 (95% CI 0.67-0.69).Current HCAP criteria comprise a heterogenous group of pneumonia patients and its predictive strength for specific PDR pathogens remains insufficient.Healthcare-associated pneumonia includes a heterogeneous group of patients in frequent contact with health care systems. However, current criteria of HCAP poorly predict the potentially drug-resistant pathogens (PDR). The objective of this review is to assess the accuracy of prediction of PDR pathogens using HCAP criteria. Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched. We examined the titles and abstracts of 6383 articles and the full-text versions of 1598 articles. We included 21 studies in our review and calculated pooled sensitivities and specificities with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Twenty one articles included 12597 patients (7658 community acquired pneumonia and 4939 HCAP patients) from 8 different countries. Pooled sensitivity was 0.65 (95% CI 0.63-0.66) and specificity was 0.70 (95% CI 0.69-0.71). With 10 studies provided all PDR pathogens, sensitivity was 0.66 (95% CI 0.63-0.69) and specificity was 0.69 (95% CI 0.65-0.68). With only Asian population, sensitivity was 0.68 (95% CI 0.65-0.70) and specificity was 0.60 (95% CI 0.58-0.62) while non-Asian population showed sensitivity of 0.63 (95% CI 0.61-0.65) and specificity of 0.74 (95% CI 0.73-0.75). Six prospective studies showed sensitivity of 0.65 (95% CI 0.59-0.70) and specificity of 0.73 (95% CI 0.71-0.74) while 15 retrospective studies showed sensitivity of 0.65 (95% CI 0.63-0.66) and specificity of 0.68 (95% CI 0.67-0.69).Current HCAP criteria comprise a heterogenous group of pneumonia patients and its predictive strength for specific PDR pathogens remains insufficient.