연대별 아파트 단지 옥외공간의 변화와 주민인식비교 - 대전광역시 아파트 단지를 대상으로 -

김대현,박창석,박춘석,주신하,신지훈,변재상,Kim Dae-Hyun,Park Chang-Sug,Park Chun-Sug,Joo Shin-Ha,Shin Ji-Hoon,Byeon Jae-Sang 한국조경학회 2005 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.33 No.3

Much has been made of the changes over time to apartment complexes during the era of rapid development in Korea. This study aimed at analyzing the chronological changes since the 1970s in the laws and regulations governing outdoor space and the residents' appreciation of outdoor space in Daejeon's apartment complexes. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. Similar changes can be found throughout Daejeon's apartment complexes. As time has passed, the building-to-land ratio and the floor-to-land ratio have deceased. The high density trend of apartment complexes has continued until very recently. 2. Although residents' satisfaction with outdoor space around apartments has improved, land for athletic and commercial spaces still remains at its lowest level. Therefore, these kinds of spaces need improvement. 3. Comparing the characteristics of outdoor space in apartment complexes from the 1980s to present indicates that current apartment residents are much more satisfied with the outdoor space, but are conscious of the lack of adequate facilities for the elderly and the handicapped people, and of the hiか density of their apartment complexes. Therefore, these essential consciousness should also be further improved. 4. The residents are gradually becoming aware of changes to the outdoor space that have occurred over time in the apartment complexes, such as in the areas allowed to parking, pedestrians, and athletics. 5. These chronological changes relate to the residents' interest in the changes that have occurred to the outdoor space, especially the convenience of parking, the color of the buildings, the form of the buildings, and the shape of the roofs.

Dissection of molecular and histological subtypes of papillary thyroid cancer using alternative splicing profiles

Park Jiyeon,Kim Dong-Moung,Lee Jin-Ok,Park Hyeon-Chun,Ryu Brian Y.,Kim Ju Han,Lee Sug Hyung,Chung Yeun-Jun 생화학분자생물학회 2022 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.54 No.-

Despite growing evidence of the relevance of alternative splicing (AS) to cancer development and progression, the biological implications of AS for tumor behaviors, including papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), remain elusive. With the aim of further understanding the molecular and histological subtypes of PTC, we in this study explored whether AS events might act as new molecular determinants. For this purpose, AS profiles were analyzed in RNA-sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and from a Korean patient dataset. A total of 23 distinct exon-skipping (ES) events that correlated significantly with PTC oncogenic activity and differentiation scores were identified. The two top-ranked ES events, NUMA1_17515 in exon 18 of NUMA1 and TUBB3_38175 in exon 6 of TUBB3, showed high correlations with oncogenic activities and discriminated histological and molecular subtypes of PTC. Furthermore, two novel intron-retention (IR) events for TUBB3 were uncovered. All ES and IR events for the TUBB3 gene were predicted to induce nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. The relative abundances of intron reads in the PTC dataset from TCGA showed IR levels to differ significantly among PTC subtypes, possibly reflecting their different tumor behaviors. This study provides a landscape of AS changes among PTC subtypes and identified two significant AS events, NUMA1_17515 and TUBB3_38175, as potential AS biomarkers for PTC subclassification and characterization. The AS events identified in this study may be involved in the development of phenotypic differences underlying the functional characteristics and histological differentiation of PTCs.

대규모계통(大規模系統)의 다층제어(多層制御)에 관한 연구

박귀태,김천석 고려대학교 공학기술연구소 1983 고려대학교 생산기술연구소 생기연논문집 Vol.18 No.1

This paper proposes a design method to construct the multilevel control system for large scale systems by the use of decomposition techniques. Proposed control system contains local controller in the low level to optimize only the performance measures of each subsystem, global controller in the high level to minimize mutual effects among subsystems, and estimator to estimate unmeasured state variables for state feedback. To evaluate the performance of this proposed control system, it is applied to the control of 6th order dynamic system which can be decomposed into two 3rd order subsystems. From this numerical example, it is concluded that for the control of large scale system this design method is superior to other methods in view points of control performance and implementation cost, etc.

G-CSF로 투여받은 정상공혈자로부터 원심분리기와 적혈구침강촉진제를 이용한 효과적인 백혈구수집의 임상경험

박성규,한치화,김동욱,이종욱,김상돌,송차숙,최정현,민우성,신완식,김춘추,김원일,김동집 대한조혈모세포이식학회 1996 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.1 No.1

In recent days, the granulocyte transfusion is re-emerging because several investigators reported the effectiveness of large granulocytes (mord than 2×10^(10)per day) to control life-threatening infections for severe neutropenic patients. Application of continuous cell separators as well as erythrocyte sedimentation enhancing agents (hydroxyethylstarch, HES) made it possible to collect enough therapeutic number of granulocytes from a single donor. To increase the efficiency of granulocyte collection we gave G-CSF to normal donors at least 12 hours before harvest. Also, 10% pentastarch solution (low molecular weight-HES) which has minimal side effects compared with 6% hetastarch (high molecular weight-HES) was used to enhance erythrocyte sedimentation during centrifugation. We measured the vitro effect of HESs on the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of peripheral whole blood depending their concentrations; the ESR (mm/hr) of 10% PS was significantly higher than that of 6% PS or HS(39.19±11.52 vs 11.62±7.26 or 15.23±6.86, p< 0.01) and that of PBS (5.17±2.85, p< 0.01). We compared the efficiency of granulocyte collection between G-CSF treated (n=9) and untreated (n=30) donors: the total number of granulocytes in the latter cases ranged 0.2 to 1.7×10^(10) (median 2.9×10^(10)) (p<0.01). Of interest, the peripheral WBC counts of donors when the counts were over 10,000/mm³ on the day of collection, correlated with the yield of granulocytes in the final products (r=0.75). Except one donors who had peripheral WBC count more than 10,000/mm³ without G-CSF, all cases showing peripheral WBC count over 10,000/mm³ had received G-CSF before collection. Furthermore, the WBC kinetics in G-CSF trealed donors showed that the peripheral WBC counts rose over 10,000/mm³ quickly (within 12 hours) and sustained during the period of injection. Among three neutropenic patients who had been received large dose grannlocgtes daily due to definitive critical infection, two patients (one in induction for ALL, and the other in early recovery phase of allogeneic BMT for severe aplastic anernia) recovered completely. However one who firstly diagnosed as SAA showed only temporary responses during granulocyte transfusion. Therefore, we suggest that (1) collection of large dose of granulocytes using a continuous cell separator with 10% PS is possible from a donor when pretreated by G-CSF, (2) such therapeutic granulocyte transfusion is effective to control life-threatening infections of severe neutropenic patients whose granulocyte counts are expected to recover within several days.

신규간호사의 임상적응 경험에 관한 현상학적 연구

박정혜(Park Jeong Hye),전인숙(Chun In Sug) 질적연구학회 2008 질적연구 Vol.9 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was for newly employed nurses who work in the clinical fields such as general hospitals or larger, to understand the integrity of experience through the skills on clinical experience, and to gather the basic data to educate them by establishing strategies for their positive role-adaptation. The question of this study was that 'What is your lived experience as a newly employed nurse?'. Methods: The experiences were explored through in-depth interview with six new nurses who have worked in hospital for one year. The analysis of the data was made by phenomenological analytic method suggested by Colaizzi. Results: In this study, about 80 significant statements were extracted and these were clustered into 6 main categories: 'problem with interpersonal relationship', 'always fatigue', 'unprofessional nursing', 'confused nursing experience', 'effort to be a competent nurse', 'adapted oneself to be a nurse'. Conclusion: Because newly employed nurses have many difficulties in making communication, and building and maintaining relationship, the educational methodology helping their maintaining proper relationship and enforcing communication skill should be explored for their quick clinical adaptation. And it describes the need of dissemination of well-organized preceptor system in hospital and of emotional support for new nurses.

Significant Association between Toll-Like Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Posttransplantation Diabetes Mellitus

Kim, Jin Sug,Kim, Seul Ki,Park, Ji Yoon,Kim, Yang Gyun,Moon, Joo Young,Lee, Sang Ho,Ihm, Chun Gyoo,Lee, Tae Won,Kim, Su Kang,Chung, Joo-Ho,Kang, Sun Woo,Kim, Tae Hee,Kim, Yeong Hoon,Jeong, Kyung Hwan S.Karger 2016 The Nephron Journals Vol.133 No.4

<P>Background: Posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is an important metabolic complication after renal transplantation. Activation of the innate immune system via toll-like receptors (TLRs) is implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and deficiency. Although links between diabetes, dysregulated innate immune responses, and the TLR signaling pathway have been reported, no study so far has investigated their associations with PTDM. In this study, we ascertained whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLRs are associated with PTDM in the Korea population. Methods: A total of 305 patients who received renal transplants without previously diagnosed diabetes were included. We analyzed the association between PTDM development and 6 SNPs within 2 genes of TLR2, 1 gene of TLR4, and 3 genes of TRL6. Results: Of 305 patients, PTDM developed in 51 patients (16.6%). Patients in the PTDM group were older than those in the non-PTDM group (45.56 +/- 1.28 vs. 38.28 +/- 0.71 years). Patients with PTDM had significantly higher allele frequency compared to those without PTDM for the TLR4rs1927914*T, TLR6rs3775073*A, TLR6rs3821985*C, and TLR6rs1039559*C alleles. Of the 6 SNPs, rs1927914 in the TLR4 gene and rs1039559 in the TLR6 gene were significantly associated with the development of PTDM after adjustment for age, gender, and tacrolimus usage. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates a significant association between SNPs rs1927914 in TLR4 and rs1039559 in TLR6 and PTDM in the renal transplantation recipient group. These data suggest that the activation of the innate immune system and inflammation via TLR activation might have an essential role in the pathogenesis of PTDM in renal transplantation. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.</P>

A case of Ramsay Hunt syndrome diagnosed after kidney transplantation

( Yoo Min Park ),( Da Rae Kim ),( Ji Yoon Park ),( Seul Ki Kim ),( Se Yun Kim ),( Jin Sug Kim ),( Yu Ho Lee ),( Yang Gyun Kim ),( Kyung Hwan Jeong ),( Ju Young Moon ),( Sang Ho Lee ),( Chun Gyoo Ihm ) 대한신장학회 2015 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.34 No.4

We report the first case of Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) diagnosed after kidney transplantation in Korea. RHS is a disease caused by latent varicella-zoster characterized to involve geniculate ganglion of the seventh cranial nerve. Patients who have undergone kidney transplantation can be easily affected by viral infections because of their immune-compromised status. A 35-year-old man with hypertensive end-stage renal disease underwent kidney transplantation. Two months after surgery, the recipient was diagnosed with RHS and treated with antivirals and steroids. However, after using the antiviral agents for the recommended duration, facial paralysis occurred as a new presentation and he required further treatment. Otalgia and periauricular vesicles improved, but the facial palsy remained.

급성콩팥기능상실을 동반한 MRSA감염과 연관된 혈구탐식림프구조직구증: 증례보고 및 문헌조사

김진숙 ( Jin Sug Kim ),정경환 ( Kyung Hwan Jeong ),이태원 ( Tae Won Lee ),임천규 ( Chun Gyoo Ihm ),이상호 ( Sang Ho Lee ),문주영 ( Ju Young Moon ),김양균 ( Yang Gyun Kim ),박지윤 ( Ji Yoon Park ),김슬기 ( Seul Ki Kim ),이유호 ( Yu 전북대학교 의과학연구소 2014 全北醫大論文集 Vol.38 No.1

혈구탐식림프구조직구증은 드물지만 높은 치사율을 가지는 질환이다. 저자들은 급성신부전을 동반하여 혈액투석을 필요로 했던 메티실린 내성 황색포도구균에 의한 폐렴과 연관되어 발생한 혈구탐식구조직구증 환자를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. 다기관장 기부전과 범혈구감소증을 동반한 급성신부전 환자에서는 혈구탐식림프구조직구증이 드물다 하더라도 의심해 보아야 한다. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare disease with high mortality. Here we present the case of a 61-year-old woman suffering from HLH related to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia that was accompanied by acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring hemodialysis. Despite treatment, the HLH led to a fatal outcome in this case. Although rare, HLH should be considered in patients with AKI accompanied by pancytopenia and signs of multi-organ failure.

Conversion from acetate dialysate to citrate dialysate in a central delivery system for maintenance hemodialysis patients

( Eun Ji Park ),( Su Woong Jung ),( Da Rae Kim ),( Jin Sug Kim ),( Tae Won Lee ),( Chun Gyoo Ihm ),( Kyung Hwan Jeong ) 대한신장학회 2019 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.38 No.1

Background: The objective of this study was to compare the impact of citrate dialysate (CD) and standard acetate dialysate (AD) in hemodialysis by central delivery system (CDS) on heparin demand, and clinical parameters. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 75 patients on maintenance hemodialysis with CDS. Patients underwent hemodialysis with AD over a six-month period (AD period), followed by another six-month period using CD (CD period). Various parameters including mean heparin dosage, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), calcium-phosphate product (CaxP), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and urea reduction ratio (URR) were collated at the end of each period. Results: Patients were 60.5 ± 14.7 years old, of whom 62.7% were male. Patients required less heparin when receiving CD (AD period: 1,129 ± 1,033 IU/session vs. CD period: 787 ± 755 IU/session, P < 0.001). After the CD period (Δ_CD), pre-dialysis total CO₂ increased to 1.21 ± 2.80 mmol/L, compared to -2.44 ± 2.96 mmol/L (P < 0.001) after the AD period (Δ_AD). After the CD period, concentrations of iPTH (Δ_AD: 73.04 ± 216.34 pg/mL vs. Δ_CD: -106.66 ± 251.79 pg/mL, P < 0.001) and CaxP (Δ_AD: 4.32 ± 16.63 mg²/dL² vs. Δ_CD: -4.67 ± 15.27 mg²/dL², P = 0.015) decreased. While hsCRP levels decreased after the CD period (Δ_AD: 0.07 ± 4.09 mg/L vs. Δ_CD: -0.75 ± 4.56 mg/L, P = 0.705), the change was statistically insignificant. URR remained above clinical guideline of 65% after both periods (Δ_AD: 72.33 ± 6.92% vs. Δ_CD period: 69.20 ± 4.49%, P = 0.046). Conclusion: Our study confirmed that the use of CD in CDS required lower heparin doses compared to the use of AD. The use of CD also provided a more stable acid-base status.

다양한 색전물질에 의한 신동맥의 변화

김동석,장재천,조길호,박복환,조재호 영남대학교 의과대학 1995 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.12 No.1

여러 가지 색전물질이 조직내에서 어떤 변화를 야기시키며 또한 시간경과에 따라 어떤 변화를 보이게 되는지를 알아보기 위해 EVAL, Histoacryl, Ivalon을 이용하여 토끼의 신동맥을 통해 색전을 실시하였으며 시간경과에 따라 조직학적으로 검사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. EVAL은 1주일이내의 초기단계에는 혈관 내에서 별다른 조직변화를 일으키지 않았으나 2주일이내의 증기단계에는 혈관벽의 비후를 나타냈다. Histoacryl은 1주일이내의 초기단계에 벌써 심한 섬유소양 변성을 보여 심한 조직변화를 일으킨다는 것을 알 수 있었고 실험 예의 반수에서 신동맥의 폐쇄에 의한 경색을 볼 수 있어 강한 조직유착성을 시사해 주었으며 실제 환자에 적용함에 있어 주의를 환기시켜 주었고 혈류가 빠르거나 누공등이 있는 경우에 더욱 적절히 사용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. Ivalon은 초기에는 혈관염의 소건을, 중기에는 이물질반응에 의한 거대세포를, 후기에는 심한 섬유화의 소견을 보여 주었고 수술을 대신하는 치료적인 목적보다는 혈류를 줄여 수술을 보다 용이하게 해주는 등 수술의 보조적인 이용에 바람직할 것으로 기대된다. The transarterial embolization has been widely used to bleeding. It has a variety of clinical utility; to reduce bleeding on the surgical field, to reduce the size of malignant tumor as a preoperative treatment, to treat arteriovenous malformation or arterial aneurysm as a curative method and to promote life quality of patient with diffuse or multiple hepatocellular carcinoma as a palliative treatment, etc. With the advance of modern technology, various embolic materials have been also developed. However, it has not been fully investigated of histopathologic changes of the embolized organs according to the embolic materials used. This study was undertaken to investigate the histopathologic changes of embolized renal artery in rabbit by various embolic materials, according to each embolic material and to time passed by after embolization. Of the 5 arteries embolized by ethylene viny1 alcohol copolymer(EVAL), one showed abscess formation in embolized kidney. The other 4 allowed to perform further pathologic study: within a week after embolization there was no any specific change in vessels, however, rainimal endothelial hypertrophy was observed following 2 weeks of embolization. Of the 8 renal arteries embolized by N-buthy1-2-cyanoacrylate(Histoacry1), 4 showed total occlusion of the main renal arteries as well as renal infarction, which reflects the strong adhesiveness of Histoacry1 to vascular wall. The other 4 showed fibrinoid degeneration in vascular wall within a week. However, further change was not observed thereafter. In all the 5 renal arteries embolized by polyviny1 alcohol(Ivalon), there were infiltration of inflammatory cells along the vessel walls, within one week, which represents vasculitis. They showed some fibrosis with appearance of giant cells in the vessel wall two weeks after embolization and also showed marked fibrosis of connective tissues surrounding vessels two months after embolization, respectively. The results suggest that EVAL is useful for the embolization of hypervascular lesion with limited arteriovenous fistula, Histoacry1 for the curative treatment of the lesion with high blood flow or severe arteriovenous fistula, and Ivalan for palliative treatment of malignant tumor or arteriovenous malformation, respectively.