체외배양한 인제대정맥혈관내피세포에서 R. tsutsugamushi 감염이 Tissue Factor와 Type 1 Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor의 발현에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김미란,기선호,배현주,장우현,박선양,최강원 대한감염학회 1995 감염 Vol.27 No.4

목적:쯔쯔가무시질환시 생기는 전신혈액응고장애의 병인 기전이 rickettsia의 침투에 의한 혈관내피세포의 손상, 그에 따른 tissue factor의 발현, 뒤이은 tissue type plasminogen activator(tPA)의 분비와 보상기전으로 type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor(PAI-1)이 분비되는 과정으로 생각하고 이를 보고자 연구를 시행하였다. 방법:체외배양한 혈관내피세포에 순수분리한 Rickettsia tsutsugamushi를 감염시킨후 상층액에서 ELISA법으로 tPA와 PAI-1을 측정하였고 혈관내피세포 단층배양에서 면역형광법으로 tissue factor를 측정하였으며 PAI-1 유전자의 발현을 확인하고자 Northern blot analysis로 PAI-1 mRNA를 확인하였다. 결과: 1) PAI-1 R. tsutsugamushi를 감염시킨후 24시간에 가장 높은 농도를 보이며 그 증가량은 정상대조군에 비해 2.5배에서 4.7배까지 증가 하였다. 2) R. tsutsugamushi를 감염시킨후 혈관내피세포에서 분비되는 tPA의 분비는 정상대조군에 비해 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 3) Northern blot analysis에 의한 PAI-1 mRNA의 발현 검색 결과 정상대조군에 비해 R. tsutsugamush가 감염된 혈관내피세포에서는 PAI-1의 발현이 2.5배 정도 증가하였다. 4) 혈관내피세포 단층배양에 R. tsutsugamushi를 감염시킨후 24시간에 tissue factor단일클론 항체와 FITC-conjugated anti mouse IgG를 이용한 간접 면역형광항체법으로 tissue factor를 측정한 결과 혈관내피세포 표면에서 tissue factor의 존재를 확인할 수 있었다. 결론:단층배양한 혈관내피세포에 R. tsutsugamushi를 감염시켰을 때 tissue factor가 발현되었고 PAI-1의 분비가 증가하여 24시간에 가장 많이 분비되었다. 그러나 tPA의 분비는 정상대조군에 비해 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. Nothern blot analysis를 통한 PAI-1 mRNA의 발현 검색 결과 PAI-1이 새로이 생성되어 분비됨을 확인하였다. Background:Tissue type plasminogen activator(tPA), type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), and von Willebrand factor are known to be released into the sera of patients in disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC). The main pathologic mechanism of tsutsugamushi disease is the vasculitis by direct endothelial cell invasion by R. tsutsugamushi which dosen't have endotoxin. It is suspected that the mechanisms of DIC and activation of plasminogen activation system are different from those of sepsis by other organisms. which is caused by endotoxin. We suspect that direct rickettsial invasion of endothelial cells causes endothelial cell damage, tissue factor release, which is followed by DIC, and tPA and PAI-1 are released as compensatory mechanism. Methods:We cultured endothelial cells from human umbilical cord vein, infected them with purified R. tsutsugamushi Gilliam strain, checked tPA and PAI-1 by ELISA in culture supernatant. Then we observed the tissue factor expression on cultured endothelial cell monolayer by indirect IF stain. PAI-1 gene expression was evaluated by northern blot analysis. Results: 1) PAI-1 level showed gradual increase up to 240ng/ml (2.5-4.7 fold increase) in 24 hours. 2) tPA level showed no significant change with time. 3) PAI-1 gene expression increased 2.5 fold by northern blot analysis. 4) Tissue factor was expressed on the endothelial cells infected with R. tsutsugamushi. Conclusion: R. tsutsugamushi infection induces expression of tissue factor on endothelial cells and PAI-1 synthesis and it would contribute to DIC mechanism in tsutsugamushi disease in part. But it has no direct effect on tPA release.

Thinning of the Corpus Callosum and Cerebellar Atrophy is Correlated with Phenotypic Severity in a Family

Sanjeev Rajakulendran,Coro Paisán-Ruiz,Henry Houlden 대한신경과학회 2011 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.7 No.2

Background:Mutations in the spatacsin gene are associated with spastic paraplegia type 11(SPG11), which is the most-common cause of autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia. Although SPG11 has diverse phenotypes, thinning of the corpus callosum is an important feature. Case Report:Clinical, genetic, and radiological evaluations were undertaken in a large family from Gujarat in North India with hereditary spastic paraplegia, whose affected members presented with varying degrees of spasticity, ataxia, and cognitive impairment. The clinical severity and the degree of corpus callosum and cerebellar atrophy varied among the four affected individuals in the family. Genetic testing of the affected members revealed recessive mutations in the spatacsin gene, consistent with a diagnosis of SPG11. Conclusions;We believe that the extent of corpus callosum thinning and cerebellar atrophy is correlated with disease severity in affected patients. The addition of extrapyramidal features in the most-affected members suggests that SPG11 exhibits considerable phenotypic heterogeneity.

胞狀奇胎와 胎兒의 共存 2例

朱明淑,成貞柱,裵惠珍 대한산부인과학회 1969 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.12 No.12

The Effect of Agomelatine in Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia

Carol Sheei-Meei Wang(Carol Sheei-Meei Wang ),Kuo-Sheng Cheng(Kuo-Sheng Cheng),Chia-Hung Tang(Chia-Hung Tang),Ming-Chyi Pai(Ming-Chyi Pai),Pai-Lien Chen(Pai-Lien Chen),Pei-Fang Chien(Pei-Fang Chien) 대한정신약물학회 2022 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.20 No.4

Objective: Moderate and severe behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) often need medical treatment to improve symptoms. Agomelatine is a selective melatonergic (MT1/MT2) agonist that has normalizing effects on disturbed circadian rhythms and disrupted sleep−wake cycles. Its activity of 5HT-2C receptor antagonism is associated with lessening depression and anxiety and increasing slow-wave sleep. Based on past clinical records and current findings it suggests that agomelatine can improve BPSD for patients. This retrospective cohort study was designed to compare the BPSD before and after using agomelatine. Methods: Records of dementia cases who had ever received agomelatine treatment for BPSD in a general hospital setting during the past 2.5 years were identified and reviewed. Scores from before and after 3 months of treatment with agomelatine were collected for Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) to compare and analyze the difference of psychological and behavioral symptoms pre- and post-agomelatine used. Results: Records of 144 cases of dementia with BPSD who had ever used agomelatine from January 2015 to June 2017 were collected. All of the 112 cases had BPRS and CGI scores, of which 75 cases had additional NPI scores. Among these 112 cases, the BPRS and CGI scores were significantly improved in all types of dementia. NPI scores indicated that the use of agomelatine alleviated obvious symptoms and decreased overall distress, especially in the depression/poor mood, anxiety, and sleep/night behavior. Conclusion: It is consistent with an effective result of agomelatine in improving BPSD.

Characterization of Resistance Plasmid of Shigella sonnei Isolates from the Outbreak at Cheju Island in 2000

Pai, Hyunjoo,Kim, Jae Deok,Cheon, Seung-Min,Chang, Sun-Joo,Lim, Young-Hyo,Kim, Young-Kwon,Lee, Bok Kwon,Kim, Seonghan 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.5

2000년도 5월에서 8월까지 제주도에 Shigella sonnei 장염의 유행이 있었다. 저자들은 유행당시 치료 실패례에서 분리된 이질균 54균주의 내성 플라스미드를 분석하였다. 54균주는 ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, 및 trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole에 내성이었다. Ampicillln, streptomycin, 및 tetracycline 내성은 약 80 kb 크기의 접합성 플라스미드에 의하여 전이되었으나 trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole은 플라스미드에 의하여 전파되지 않았다. 플라스미드의 내성 지역을 클로닝하였다. 총 8384 bp 염기서열을 분석한 결과, strA, strB, tetR, 및 sul1 유전자가 존재하였고 기술된 순서대로 위치하였다. 54균주는 같은 크기의 플라스미드를 보유하고 있었으며 같은 리보타이핑 소견을 보여주어 유행내 단일균의 전파를 제시하였다. A large outbreak of Shigella sonnei gastrointestinal infections occurred at Cheju Island in Korea from May to August 2000. We selected 54 strains which were isolated from the primary treatment failure cases in the outbreak, and characterized the resistance-determining region of the R-plasmid. The 54 strains showed same antimicrobial resistance patterns; resistance against ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, and tetracycline were mediated by a conjugable plasmid of about 80 kb size, but the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance was not transferred by this plasmid. The R-determining region of the plasmid was cloned and characterized. The 8,384 bp sequences contained resistance genes in the following order:strA, strB, tetR, tetA, and sul1. Fifty four isolates harbored the same sized plasmid and showed same ribotyping patterns, which suggested the clonal spread of S. sonnei in the outbreak.

Biological Evaluation of Residual Malathion in the Meat of Dipped Hens: Influence on Lipid Profile of Erythrocytes and Brain and Pancreatic Lipase and Amylase Activity

PaI, A.K.,Kushwah, H.S.,Jadhao, S.B.,Srivastava, A.B. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.8

Biological evaluation of residual malathion after 168 hrs of single dipping exposure of White Leghorn hens to different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) of pesticides was investigated. Thirty-two male albino rats divided into four groups of eight each were kept on 20% isoproteinous diet prepared from the meat of these malathion dipped hens. After 30 days feeding trial, the rats were killed by decapitation. No significant change was found in erythrocytes. However, the triglyceride concentration in brain tissue was increased significantly (p<0.05) when dose level of pesticide was 1% in dipping solution. Similarly, malathion exposed poultry meat failed in altering any significant change in the pancreatic amylase and lipase activities of rats. This study concludes the virtual absence of toxic accumulation of pesticide in the meat of birds after 168 hrs of exposure in usual concentration range upto 1.5%.

The Present Situation and Challenge of the Promotion of Employment Services -The Model of Community. Based Employment Services for Physically and Mentally Disabled People in Taipei -

Pai Shan Yu.Chiang Ming Chih 아시아장애사회학회 2005 아시아장애사회학연구 Vol.5 No.-

A Study on Introduction of the Budgetary Accounting System for Not-for-profit Organizations related to Maritime and Fisheries Sector in Korea

Pai, Hoo-Seok Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research 2004 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.28 No.7

This paper aims to introduce budgetary accounting system for not-for-profit organizations related to maritime and fishery in Korea Especially, these not-for-profit organizations related to maritime and fishery should design and maintain the original accounting systems because they have some objectives and activities of organizations different to for-profit organizations. Currently, while the accounting for not-for-profit units is difficult to understand, this case study of budgetary accounting system for not-for-profit organizations related to maritime and fishery as KSSIT may be great help to them by reflecting all administrative activities of these units and offering objectively and fairly financial position and phase or operating results. This paper concentrate primarily upon this subject about double-entry accounting system to be introduced in order to improve budgetary systems of not-for-profit organizations. These units are governmental organizations as public corporations and bodies corporate and politic. Therefore, not-for-profit organizations related to maritime and fishery should be applied to regulations of the Governmental Accounting Standards Board. GASB has the authority to establish standards of financial reporting for all units of government. With conclusion, this paper reviewed a case of double-entry system for budgetary accounting, and examined a process of financial reporting in not-for-profit organizations. Through this paper, the comprehensive understanding of budgetary accounting system for not-for-profit organizations as KSSIT would be promoted.

Mathematical modeling of the phase behaviors of solid-polymer-electrolyte/salt systems in lithium secondary batteries: The nonrandomness effect

Pai, Sung Jin,Bae, Young Chan,Kong, Sung Ho,Ryu, Si Ok Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2004 Journal of applied polymer science Vol.94 No.1

<P>We establish a new melting-point-depression theory, based on the modified-double-lattice model, that takes into account the local composition concept to describe the phase behaviors of solid-polymer-electrolyte/salt systems (modified-double-lattice/nonrandom model). In comparison with experimental data, quantitative descriptions of the proposed model show better agreement for the given systems than those of the modified-double-lattice model. The systems studied in this work are combinations of poly(ethylene oxide) and zinc halides and of poly(ethylene oxide) and LiCF<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB>. The results show that the nonrandomness effect of the salt distribution plays a major role in determining the eutectic points of the given systems. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 231–237, 2004</P>

Autoimmune Encephalitis: Insights Into Immune-Mediated Central Nervous System Injury

Pai Vivek,Kang Heejun,Suthiphosuwan Suradech,Gao Andrew,Mandell Daniel,Shroff Manohar 대한영상의학회 2024 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.25 No.9

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a category of immune-mediated disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting children and adults. It is characterized by the subacute onset of altered mentation, neurocognitive issues, refractory seizures/ drug-resistant epilepsy, movement disorders, and/or autonomic dysfunction. AE is mediated by autoantibodies targeting specific surface components or intracytoplasmic antigens in the CNS, leading to functional or structural alterations. Multiple triggers that induce autoimmunity have been described, which are mainly parainfectious and paraneoplastic. The imaging features of AE often overlap with each other and with other common causes of encephalitis/encephalopathy (infections and toxic-metabolic etiologies). Limbic encephalitis is the most common imaging finding shared by most of these entities. Cortical, basal ganglia, diencephalon, and brainstem involvement may also be present. Cerebellar involvement is rare and is often a part of paraneoplastic degeneration. Owing to an improved understanding of AE, their incidence and detection have increased. Hence, in an appropriate setting, a high degree of suspicion is crucial when reporting clinical MRIs to ensure prompt treatment and better patient outcomes. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of AE and common etiologies encountered in clinical practice.