Control of IPMC-based Artificial Muscle for Myoelectric Hand Prosthesis

Lee Myoung-Joon,Jung Sung-Hee,Moon Inhyuk,Lee Sukmin,Mun Mu-Seong The Korean Society of Medical and Biological Engin 2005 의공학회지 Vol.26 No.5

This paper proposes an ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) based artificial muscle to be applicable to the Myoelectric hand prosthesis. The IPMC consists of a thin polymer membrane with metal electrodes plated chemically on both faces, and it is widely applying to the artificial muscle because it is driven by relatively low input voltage. The control commands for the IPMC-based artificial muscle is given by electromyographic (EMG) signals obtained from human forearm. By an intended contraction of the human flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris muscles, we investigated the actuation behavior of the IPMC-based artificial muscle. To obtain higher actuation force of the IPMC, the single layered as thick as $800[{\mu}m]$ or multi-layered IPMC of which each layer can be as thick as $178[{\mu}m]$ are prepared. As a result, the bending force was up to the maximum 12[gf] from 1[gf] by actuating the single layered IPMC with $178[{\mu}m]$, but the bending displacement was reduced to 6[mm] from 30[mm]. The experimental results using an implemented IPMC control system show a possibility and a usability of the bio-mimetic artificial muscle.

한국사람 손바닥문의 생김새

이제만,정민석,정호근,이경종,신동훈,안미선,김도윤,이민석,정구영,정연무,조한범,유상준,박성식 아주대학교 1997 아주의학 Vol.2 No.2

Palm prints have been used for personal identification because they are unique to each individual. Palm prints have also been used for diagnosing genetic disorders and for revealing physical anthropological characteristics, due to their specific appearance characteristic of genetic factors and nationality. Therefore, several analytical methods of palm prints have been developed and applied for the purpose described. However, in the previous reports, the analytical methods of palm prints and the numbers of subjects were insufficient to find Standard values for Korean palm prints. In this study, in order to determine the Standard value for Korean palm prints, we examined palm prints of 3216 Korean adults (2095 males and 1121 females), analyzed the data according to sex and side of hand, and compared with those of foreigners. The results are s follows: 1) The incidence of 7, 9, and 11 of D was 41.8%, 33.5%, and 20.4%, respectively. Comparing the incidences 017, 9, and 11 of D in Koreans with those of foreigners, the Korean belong to the Asians including the Japanese, the Chinese, and the Philippine, however, the Korean was doser to the Blacks and distant from the Whites than the other Asians. 2) The palm prints were classified into the open type in which B terminates at the ulnar border of hand, and the dosed type in which B does not. Open type, 7-5-5 (male 37.6%, female 39.5%) and 9-7-5 (male 23.9%, female 25.5%), was more frequent in female than in male, while dosed type, 11-9-7 (male 9.8%, female 9.1%), was more frequent in male than in female. Also, open type, 7-5-5 (right 28.9%, left 47.6%), was more frequent in left hand than in right hand, while dosed type, 11-9-7 (right 17.1%, left 2.1%), was more frequent in right hand than in left hand. Consequently, open type was more frequent in the weak hand, whereas dosed type was more frequent in strong hand. 3) Because a-b (39.2) and c-d (35.0) were more numerous than b-c (27.8), distance between a and b and between c and d were longer than that between c and d. The long distance of a, b and c, d could be resulted by wide moving range of second finger and fifth finger, respectively. Also, there was a tendency that the palmar ridge counts of right hand was more numerous than those of left hand, which could be resulted by wide moving range of right fingers in the right-handed persons who were more frequent than the left-handed persons. 4) O, in which there was no triradius, and X, in which dermal ridge from a triradius was blocked and terminated at the other dermal ridge, were frequent in C (O 7.8%, × 7.2%) than in D (O 0.1%, × 0.1%) or in B (O 0.4%, X 1.2%). The frequency of 0 and X in C was thought to be related with the location of ein the narrow space between d and b. The narrow space between d and b was known because c-d and b-c was less numerous than a-b. 5) The distances between adjacent triradii were longer in male than in female, however, the palmar ridge counts for a-b, b-c, and c-d were less numerous in male than in female. Consequently, dermal ridges were thought to be thicker in male than in female. The Standard values of Korean palm prints obtained from this study are expected to be used for both diagnosing genetic disorders and for revealing physical anthropological characteristics in Korea. Further studies to clarify the relationship between the palm prints and the power of hand as well as the moving range of fingers are in need.

e-biz 환경하에서의 대형 유통기업의 고객서비스전략

이홍무,서성수 한국인터넷비즈니스학회 2001 인터넷비지니스연구 Vol.2 No.2

본 연구는 백화점 및 유통산업의 급격한 환경변화에서 고객서비스를 효율적으로 운영해 나가고 있는 여러 국·내외 대형 유통기업들에 대한 사례를 분석함으로서 우리나라 유통기업에게 환경적 변화에 대응할 수 있는 고객 서비스에 대한 전략적 대안을 제시하기 위한 연구이다. 모든 유통기업들은 각 기업을 이용한 고객에 맞는 독특하고 다양한 고객서비스를 펼치고 있다. 이러한 차별화는 각 기업들이 유통산업내에서 생존해 나갈 수 있는 원동력이 되는 것이다. 국내·외 유통기업들이 처해 있는 외부환경을 분석하고 외부환경에 적응하기 위한 기업들의 고객만족 경영에 대한 전반적인 서비스 사항을 분석하여 각 기업만의 고객 지향적인 시스템 갖추었을 때 그 기업은 성공할 수 있을 것이다. As the world is changing in various directions and coming to an age of internet, the distribution enterprises are eagerly searching for strategy to survive in the 21st century. As a strategy to survive in the age of unlimited competition, Internet business in getting a lot of attention recently and many distribution companies are investing tremendous money and efforts into internet Business Internet gives distribution enterprises a competitive edge including various advantages such as the use of E-mail, access to research data, tracking of competitors, cooperation with a remote company at low cost, expansion of service clients and reduction of costs in advertising as well as marketing fields. Thus every distribution enterprise, regardless of its size, has recently been referring to business activities on the internet and using internet business to impress their competitiveness. This study is to suggest how to activate customer service of distribution enterprise through analyzing and studying successful case of distribution enterprises. Some of the important results from this study are as follow : First, distribution enterprise has to develop on-line services and off-line services for customer, because on-line service cannot overtake to origin off-line service for customer. Second, distribution enterrise should need to a high degree of eCRM sistem. Third, distribution enterprise should accumulate the Data Base of current and potential customer, through the efficient management of Data Base, they can have a change to create competition. Fourth, Every distibution enterprise should prepare its unique and various service for customers who use it in an age of e-biz. environment. this differentiation of service is a motive power which enables each enterprise to survive in the distribution industry. Results from this study are expected to help distribution enterprises to develop their strategies of customer service ina e-biz. environment. As the e-biz. is unavoidable trends. distribution enterprises are constantly trying to improve and develope customer services to achieve sustainable competitive advantage(SCA) by means of differentiation, because this can be connected with the enterprise's success or failure.

제7차 교육과정에 따른 산ㆍ염기 단원의 STS과학 교육에 적합한 CBL 실험 프로그램의 개발

이광필,김동화,최성호,류재정,이무상 慶北大學校 師範大學 科學敎育硏究所 2001 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.25 No.-

This study developed the 'advanced-supplementary' course experimental program with CBL(Calculator-Based Laboratory) system in conformity with the reform of the 7th science curriculum and applied the CBL experimental program to 'acid-base' chapter of middle-high school. The results of this study shows that a practical use of CBL system as powerful instrument can be applied to experiment program of 'acid-base' chapter in order to causes learner's motivation and enlarge a sphere of inquiry-activity in science.

볼엔드밀 가공에서 형상정밀도에 관한 실험적 연구

조병무,유익수,이성휘,이동주 한국공작기계학회 2008 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

In manufacturing process, the. free-formed surface machining using a ball end mill of CNC machining center is important and the geometric accuracy of a 3D workpiece is effected by the cutting characteristics. Machining error is defined the normal distance between designed surface and actual tool path with tool deflection. This is inevitably caused by the tool deflection, tool wear, thermal effect and machine tool errors and so forth. In this study, the geometric accuracies such as roundness in semi-cylinder, free-formed profile and surface roughness were measured using a Coordinate Measurement Machine(CMM) and a contact type surface roughness measuring device. The results will be useful as a guidance for cutting condition to improve the geometrical accuracy of free-formed surface in ball end milling.

茯笭 人工栽培에 適合한 原木과 種菌 接種量 및 接種方法에 關한 硏究

金成敏,申東一,具漢謨,李武鉉,金善喆 공주대학교산업개발연구소 2000 産業開發硏究 Vol.8 No.-

This study was carried out to improve the culturing method of P. cocos, on saving labor and inoculation amount. Therefore, the result of this experiment was as the following. Proper mycelium growth and density of P. cocos was observed in MCM(mushroom complete medium). In the selection of tree species, pine and larch had better in spawn culture and sclerotia formation condition. In the experiment of pine, Yield was 33.7㎏/3.3㎡. In inoculation amount, conventional method(cross slice inoculation) required 16 ~ 20 bottles/1000cc of spawn. In contrast, short log,drilling inoculation method required 8 ~ 10 bottles/1000cc, 2 ~ 3 bottles/1000cc of spawn, which reduced by 50% and 85 ~ 90% of inoculation respectively. In conventional method, the yield of pine was 23.4㎏/3.3㎡. In the case of drilling and short log inoculation, Yield was 28.7㎏ / 3.3㎡(25㎜ / depth) and 30.1kg / 3.3㎡(35mm / depth), 31.7㎏ / 3.3㎡ respectively, Therefore, short log inoculation was increased by 25% and 35% compared with conventional method. In conclusion, management cost was also saved.

점토벽돌제조용 원료로서 석탄회의 재활용성

나춘기,이무성,홍순강 木浦大學校 工業技術硏究所 1997 工業技術硏究誌 Vol.7 No.-

The purpose of this study is to examine the reusability of fly ashs produced by coal-fired power plants as an raw material in the manufacturing process of building resources such as brick, by investigating, in first, the mineralogical and chemical properties of raw materials including fly ashs of the Honam and the Samcheonpo thermal power plants and clay of the Hwangdeung area, and then examining the quility of pilot productions of fly ash-clay brick having various mixing proportions of fly ash. In general, the coal fly ashs separated in grain size under 200mesh and of Honam power plant have higher alkali contents but lower unburned carbon residues than those over 200mesh and of Samcheonpo power plant. This higher contents of alkali components such as CaO and Na2O and lower contents of unburned carbon have contributed to make dense structure in fly ahs-clay brick manufactured. Therefore, the clay brick manufactured by mixture of the Honam fly ash have more dence structure and much higher compressional strength than that of the Samcheonpo, and shows the trend of increasing the compressional strength from 1100-1300kg/㎠ to 170kg/㎠ with increasing the proportion of fly ash part from 10% to 50%. In contrast to Honam fly ash, the compressional strength of clay brick produced by the Samcheonpo fly ash decrease from 600-720kg/㎠ to 270-300kg/㎠ with increasing the mixing ratio of fly ash from 10% to 50%, due to high unburned carbon contents and low alkali contents of Samcheonpo fly ash.

일 농촌지역에서 발기부전의 유병률 및 상관 요인

홍진표,송해철,이무송,이창화,안준호,한오수,안태영,김성윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in a rural area of Korea and to examine the relationship between the prevalence and correlates of subjects. Method : This study was done as a part of the chronic disease survey of rural area by the Asan Foundation. Among 30 years or older population from Jung Eup, a rural area of Korea, 711 male subjects were sampled using a cluster probability sampling method. Trained interviewers visited and interviewed subjects aged 30 years or older with a structured interview. ED was categorized as 'none', 'mild', 'moderate', or 'severe' according to the ability to 'attain and/or maintain an erection satisfactory for sexual intercourse'. Response rate was 54.3% (N=386). Results : The age weighted prevalence of ED was 27.2% (minimal 14.1%, moderate 7.6%, severe 5.5%). Prevalence and severity increased with age. Liver disease and underweight were significantly (p<0.05) associated with ED. Smoking seemed to be correlated with ED, but did not reach statistically significant level. Conclusion : ED was highly prevalent in the rural community of Korea. Medical, sociodemographic, and lifestyle variables associated with ED may alert physicians to patients at risk for ED and offer insight to its etiology.

침전반응법으로 합성한 수산아파타이트 분말의 중금속 흡착 특성 및 폐수중의 유해 금속 제거제로서의 유용성

이무성,나춘기,이미숙,김옥배,김문영,Lee, Mu Seong,Na, Choon Ki,Lee, Mi Suk,Kim, Oak Bae,Kim, Moon Young 대한자원환경지질학회 1995 자원환경지질 Vol.28 No.3

It is well known that hydroxyapatite [$Ca_{10}(PO_4)_6(OH)_2$] have an exchangeability for various heavy metal ions in aqueous solution. To evalute the feasibility of employing the synthetic hydroxyapatites as an eliminatable exchanger for environmentally noxious caions in waste water, the adsorption properties, the removal capacities and the selectivity of the apatites for various cations were investigated in more detailed. The heavy metal cations have been exchanged in calcium part of hydroxyapatite. The order of the degree of amount exchanged of the investigated cations is $Pb^{2+}>Cd^{2+}>Zn^{2+}>Ba^{2+}$. The molar ratios between released $Cd^{2+}$ ions and remeved divalent metal cations in the reacted solution with hydroxyapatite are roughly close to an integer 1.0, suggesting that an ion-exchange reaction could have played a major role in the removal of heavy metals rather then an adsorption effect. The exchangeability of the hydroxyapatite powder of Ca/P molar ratio 1.67, which have specipic surface area of $104.5m^2g^{-1}$, appeared to be better then $237.6{\mu}g$ per g for $Pb^{2+}$ ions. The removal capacity of the heavy metal ions varies directly as particle size of hydroxyapatites. All evidences obtained indicate that the synthesized hydroxyapatite powders by precipitation reaction method can be employed as an effective cation exchanger for eliminating noxious ions in waste water even in some improvemental.

DMBA로 유발한 Mouse 피부암에 대한 Astaxanthin이 함유된 난황의 항암효과

이상호,박철우,이영춘,최의성,김무남,하영래,Lee, Sang-Ho,Park, Cheol-U,Lee, Yeong-Chun,Choe, Ui-Seong,Kim, Mu-Nam,Ha, Yeong-Rae 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 1998 한국환경성돌연변이·발암원학회지 Vol.18 No.1

Anticarcinogenic activity of astaxanthin-containing egg yolks (designate AEY) was investigated for 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced two stage mouse epidermal carcinogenesis. Female ICR mouse (6-7 weeks of age) were house in a humidity-and-temperature-controlled facility and subjected to feed and water ad libitum. AEY (10 mg/0.2 ml acetone) was painted on the back of mice 7 days, 3 days and 5 min before DMBA treatment (50 nmole/0.2 ml acetone). One week later after DMBA treatment, 6 ${\mu}g$ tetradecanoyl 12-phorbol 13-O-acetate (TPA) dissolved in 0.2 ml acetone was applied on the mouse twice weekly over a period of 22 weeks. No sample was given to control mice. Control egg yolk (CEY) and astaxanthin-containing oil (designate AO) from Phaffia rhodozyma were used as positive controls. Mouse treated with AEY exhibited 10 tumors per mouse whereas control mouse exhibited 15 tumors per mouse, the fact that 33% reduction of tumor per mouse by AEY treatment. Tumor incidence was also reduced to 15% by AEY treatment when compared to that of control group. Such effects were also seen in CEY and AO treatment groups, but leaser extent. AO gave reduction of food intake and body weights relative to those of AEY and CEY, indicating toxicity of AO. These results suggest that AEY exhibits anticarcinogenic activity for DMBA-induced mouse epidermal carcinogenesis.