農村婦人의 母子保健서비스 利用에 미치는 社會文化的 要因에 관한 硏究 : An Anthropological Analysis on Socio-Cultural Factors of Medical Pluralism 陰城地域의 母性保健 事例를 中心으로

方 琡,金鐘淏,李鍾仁 순천향대학교 1988 논문집 Vol.11 No.1

This study is to investigate the maternal health care seeking behavior in relation to the characteristics of the local health care systems in rural Korea. This study found that there was a medical pluralism in the maternal health care seeking behavior such as healer shopping. This is due to the existence of the structural complexity of the local health care system in rural Korea. We can categorize the local health care systems into four sectors: mordern-public (i.g. health sub-center, MCH center, community health practionner), modern-private(i.g. local clinics, hospitals ect.). traditional-formal (i.g. herb doctor) and traditional-informal (i.g. acupunctucture practionner, informal drug marchant and spiritual therapeutists such as shamans, diviners.) sectors, Because of this structural complexity of the local health care system, not all maternity women are soley depended on modern medical doctors and their professional referrals, but used one or two other sectors without professional referrals before and after reaching modern medical sectors. In 40 families we studied, there were no cases whose maternal health care (prenatal, delivery & postpatrum) were soley depended on one obstetrical care resources. This anthropological observations correspond to the survey data collected in July 1987. We can conclude that the medical pluralism in maternal health care seeking behavior is mainly due to the structural complexity of the local health care system in which four sectors, cited above, are not systematically linked each other in the health care deliverly system. This study also found that there were the socio-cultural factors which influence on the maternal health care seeking process as follows: a. The delivery cost at the MCH center is about ￦30,000 While the same service costs ￦180,000 at a community Hospital. Thus. 44% of the pregnant women were delivered at the county MCH center while 15% used a Community Hospital, according to the survey in July 1987. b. The utilization of the MCH center was influenced by the family type (nuclear and extended). Though the stay period in the MCH center after delivery is 3 days, a higher percentage of women from extended families with mother-in law stayed for only 24 hours, in comparison with women from nuclear families. c. For postnatal care, rural women tend to depend on traditional medicine especially for back pain after delivery. For delivery care, however, most rural women depend on western medicine facilities. d. In terms of doctor patient relationship, a close relationship is a key factor in selecting a physician. Patients tend to go back to the same doctor again and again. This partnership is most evident in prenatal care. e. The patients prefer the individual private practioner over the hospital. Rural women have more confidence on older private doctors than in younger hospital doctors. A factor related to this is that older doctors tend to take more time to listen to the patient. Younger doctors at hospital offer more laboratory tests, but do not take the time to listen to the patient or provide an adequate explanation regarding the patient's problems. Therefore, there is a need to take into account socio-cultural aspects of maternal health seeking behavior in planning and implementing a maternity care programme in rural Korea.

HBS-SWMC 환경에서의 전환장치 설계 및 검증에 관한 연구

김종섭(Chong-sup Kim),조인제(In-je Cho),안종민(Jong-min Ahn),이동규(Dong-kyu Lee),박상선(Sang-seon Park),박성한(Sung-han Park) 제어로봇시스템학회 2008 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.14 No.7

Although non-real time simulation and pilot based evaluations are available for the development of flight control computer prior to real flight tests, there are still many risky factors. The control law designed for prototype aircraft often leads to degraded performance from the initial design objectives, therefore, the proper evaluation methods should be applied such that flight control law designed can be verified in real flight environment. The one proposed in this paper is IFS(In-Flight Simulator). Currently, this system has been implemented into the F-18 HARV(High Angle of Attack Research Vehicle), SU-27 and F-16 VISTA(Variable stability In flight Simulation Test Aircraft) programs. This paper addresses the concept of switching mechanism for FLCC(Flight Control Computer)-SWMC(Switching Mechanism Computer) using 1553B communication based on flight control law of advanced supersonic trainer. And, the fader logic of TFS(Transient Free Switch) and stand-by mode of reset ‘0’ type are designed to reduce abrupt transient and minimize the integrator effect in pitch axis control law. It hans been turned out from the pilot evaluation in real time that the aircraft is controllable during the inter-conversion process through the flight control computer, and level I handling qualities are guaranteed. In addition, flight safety is maintained with an acceptable transient response during aggressive maneuver performed in severe flight conditions.

심장수술 시 농축적혈구, 자가수혈기 혈액, 체외 순환기 혈액에서의 유리 혈색소 농도 비교

송장호,구승우,백종화,정용보,이정순,최인철 대한마취과학회 2002 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.43 No.5

Background: Intraoperative autotransfusion or residual blood in a cardiopulmonaty bypass (CPB) circuit has been used to reduce the need for an homologous blood transfutsion during cardiac surgery. However, it may contain some free hemoglobin released from damaged cells. The load of blood containing free hemoglobin may cause renal dysfunction. We measured the amount of free hemoglobin in backed blood, cell saver blood and CPB blood to evaluate what is the least hemolytic blood transfused in cardiac surgery. Methods: This study was performed in 20 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. In each patient, the banked blood, intraoperative salvaged blood with a cell saver and CPB residual blood were sampled at the end of the operation. The concentration of free hemoglobin, hemoglobin and platelet counts were measured in these blood samples and percent of hemolysis was calculated (%hemolysis = [free hemoglobin] / .free hemogloben + hemoglobin]) Results: In salvaged blood with a cell saver, CPB residual blood and banked blood, hemoglobin concentrations were 20.1 ± 2.7 g/dl, 8.0 ± 1.1 g/dl, and 22.2 ± 2.7 g/dl, respectively. Free hemoglobin concentrations were 336.6 ± 239.5 mg/dl, 49.2 ± 26.8 mg/dl, and 279.5 ± 167.5 mg/dl respectively. Platelet counts were 26.1 ± 22.2 × 10^3/mm^3, 116.8 ± 56.5 × 10^3/mm^3, and 94.9 ± 43.6 × 10^3/mm^3 respectively. % Hemolysis were 1.6 ± 1.1%, 0.6 ± 0.4%, and 1.2 ± 0.7% respectively. In the comparison between the salvaged blood with a cell saver and CPB residual blood, free hemoglobin concentration, % hemolysis, and platelet counts had positive correlations (r = 0.8, 0.7, and 0.6). Conclusions: In twenty cardiac surgeries, CPB residual blood had a lower free hemoglobin level than the other two blood groups. The platelet counts in CPB residual blood were higher than those in cell saver blood but did not differ from those in banked blood. Therefore, CPB residual blood was the least hemolytic blood among the three blood groups when a transfusion was performed in cardiac surgery. (Korean J Acesthesiol 2002; 43: 588~593)

우로수데옥시콜릭산이 치주질환 억제에 미치는 영향

박상현,한승민,최상목,구영,류인철,한수부,이학모,김문무,김상년,정종평,Park, Sang-Hyun,Han, Seoung-Min,Choi, Sang-Mook,Ku, Young,Rhyu, In-Chul,Han, Soo-Boo,Lee, Hak-Mo,Kim, Moon-Moo,Kim, Sang-Nyun,Chung, Chong-Pyoung 대한치주과학회 1999 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.29 No.1

Ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA) is a hydrophilic gall bladder acid and has been used as a effective drug for liver disease related to in1munity. This drug inhibits secretions of IL-2, IL-4, and $IFN-{\gamma}$ from T-cells and production of immunoglobulin from B-cells. Also it has been reported that UDCA inhibits production of IL-1 related to the progression of periodontal disease and activation of collagenases. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the effects of UDCA on inhibition of periodontal disease progression using clinical, microbiological and histometrical parameters. Twelve pure bred, 16 month-old-beagle dogs were used in the study. After ligature-induced periodontal diseases were formed, experimental drugs were applied twice a day and then the results of clinical, microbiological, and histometrical parameters were measured at baselie(initiation of experiment) , 4weeks and 8weeks. The gel with UDCA(concentration 0.5%, 5% 3 dogs in each) was applied to experimental group, chlorhexidine to positive control group(3dogs) and the gel without UDCA(base) to negative control group. After induction of general anesthesia, the maxillary 2nd, 3rd premolars and 1st molar and the mandibular 2nd, 3rd, 4th premolars and 1st molar were ligated in one side selected randomly and were not ligated in the opposite side. The plaque index(PI), gingival index(GI), pocket depth(PD) and gingival crevicular fluid(GCF) volum were measured clinically. The PI and GI were measured at 3 buccal points of all experimental teeth and the GCF was measured only at the 3rd premolar in the maxilla and the 4th premolar in the mandible. In the microbiological study, the samples extracted from the 3rd premolar of the maxilla and the 4th premolar of the mandible at the center of buccal surface were analyzed aerobics, anaerobics and Streptococcus colony forming units, After clinical and microbiological examination at 8weeks, the dogs were sacrificed by carotid artery perfusion. The samples were fixed and sectioned including interproximal area, and the distance from cementoenamel junction(CEJ) to alveolar crest was measured. The results were that PI, GI and PD increased until 4 weeks and decreased at 8 weeks in three groups but the differences between all the groups were not significant. The 0.5% UDCA in non-ligated group showed remarkable decrease of GCF. The experimental group applied 5% UDCA decreased the number of aerobics and anaerobics. The distance from CEJ to alveolar crest was greater in the negative control group on both ligated and non-ligated sides, but the differences were not significant stastically.

Phenylephrine이 토끼 유두근의 수축력과 활동전압에 미치는 영향

이영배,고인송,박종완,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1989 中央醫大誌 Vol.14 No.1

In order to clarify the receptor types and mechanisms underlying the positive inotropic effect of phenylephrie on the mammalian ventricular myocardium, the action potential, its first derivatives and isometric contraction of the rabbit papillary muscle were recorded using a free transducer and glass capillary microelectronics filled with 3M KCI, and results were analyzed. The results were as follows; l. In normal Tyrode solution, the contractile force was increased with increments of phenylephrine concentration and maximum effect was reached at the stimulation frequency of 1 Hz in 10^-5 M phenylephrine. 2. In 22 mM K^+-Tyrode solution, the maximum rate of rise (Vmax) of action potential, overshoot and the duration oction potential were significantly increased with increments of phenylephrine concentration (10^-6 ~ 10^-4 M). 3. The negative inotropic effect induced by verapamil was reversed by phenylephrine. 4. Phentolamine (3x10^-6 M) shifted the dose response curve for phenylephrine to the right more than propranolol (10^-6 M) did. The above results may be interpreted as follow; The positive inotropic effect of phenylephrine is caused by increase in slow inward current (Ca^2+influx into the myocardial cell), and is mediated through α- and β-adrengergic receptors in the rabbit pailary muscle

기능의 분화를 통한 복합역사 Concourse의 연계방안에 관한 연구 : 블럭내부의 단절에 대한 연계를 중심으로 Focused on connections of disconnected city block

정재욱,이인수 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.6

This study aims to evaluate the severed urban space caused by the inner city railway tracts and to suggest a useful methods of connected system. The connecting factors of concourse is applicated as functional differentiation and to combine each building blocks to activate urban mixed use space for pedestrian movements in the affected urban area. Continuous flow of the contemporary examples of redeveloped existing railway station area in Germany and U.K are evaluated to elicit some significant characteristics and method which maybe applicated in korea. Followings are prototypes of the concourse. ① Concourse connection for multi=building in a single block ② Concourse connection between underground and elevated walkways of multiple buildings ③ Concourse connection by singular building in multi-blocks ④ Concourse connection by elevated deck over railways

성장기 아동의 single tooth scissors bite의 교정 치료: 증례 보고

김지인,현홍근,김영재,김정욱,장기택,이상훈,한세현,김종철 大韓小兒齒科學會 2011 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.38 No.4

A scissors bite in the posterior teeth occurs when the upper teeth are positioned totally buccal to the lower teeth in centric occlusion, either unilaterally or bilaterally. This malocclusion can result from either excessive width of the maxilla or deficient width of the mandible, or sometimes combination of the both. Scissors bite, when left untreated without a proper dental intervention, interferes with the normal mandibular growth leading to a state where consequent disharmony in dental arch width evokes occlusal disturbances. Therefore, early preventive orthodontic treatment is necessary in patients with scissors bite. Scissors bite rarely involves anterior and posterior sites concuttently across the dental arch but usually affect single tooth. Even in the single tooth scissors bite cases, more likely to be met in the clinical fields, immediate dental intervention is indicated because continuous occlusal forces that exacerbate the already adverse axis of the posterior teeth. In this case study, patients with single tooth scissors bite, each 7, 14, 12, and 16 years old, were each treated with criss-cross elastic, fixed appliance, removable appliance, and miniscrews. With the proper selection of appliances appropriate to each specific cases, good treatment outcome can be achieved without resulting any side effects. 중심교합위의 상태에서 편측 혹은 양측으로 상악 구치부의 치아가 하악 구치부의 협측으로 위치한 경우를 scissors bite라 고 한다. 이는 상악의 폭경이 크거나 하악의 폭경이 좁은 경우 발생한다. Scissors bite의 경우 방치하게 되면 하악의 성장이 방해받게 되고 그 결과, 악궁 폭경의 부조화가 심해져 저작 장애를 일으킬 수 있으므로 조기 차단 교정이 반드시 필요하다. 실제 임상에서는 여러 치아의 scissors bite보다 최후방 구치 혹은 그 외 하나의 구치만의 single tooth scissors bite(STSB)을 보이는 경우가 많다. 이러한 STSB의 경우도 방치하게 되면 저작력으로 인하여 구치의 각도가 더욱 악화되므로 즉각적인 치료가 필요하다. 본 증례에서는 STSB를 보이는 7세, 14세, 12세, 16세의 환자에게 각각 criss-cross elastic, 고정성 장치, 가철성 장치, miniscrew를 사용하여 치료한 증례를 보고하였다. 각 환자의 증례에 적합한 장치를 잘 선택하여 사용한다면 치아를 정출시키는 등의 부작용을 야기하지 않고 양호한 결과를 얻을 수 있을 것이다

Application of Cubic Spline Synthesis in On-Line Core Axial Power Distribution Monitoring

In, Wang-Kee,Yoo, Hyung-Keun,Auh, Geun-Sun,Lee, Chong-Chul,Kim, Si-Hwan Korean Nuclear Society 1991 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.23 No.3

The Core Operating Limit Supervisory System (COLSS) is digital computer based on-line monitoring system that is designed to assist the operator in monitoring of the Limiting Conditions for Operation. A current COLSS calculates axial power distribution based on in-core detector signals using 5th order Fourier series method. It was found that the 5th elder Fourier series method was not accurate for certain axial power shapes, especially saddle power shapes, resulting in thermal margin decrease. A cubic spline synthesis was applied to the COLSS in order to improve the axial power distribution monitoring for the various axial power shapes. The results showed that the cubic spline synthesis simulated more accurately the axial power shapes, up to 5% in RMS errors, compared to those of the Fourier series.

상악 제2유구치와 상악 제1대구치의 치관 형태: 치아계측학적 연구

김지인,현홍근,김영재,김정욱,장기택,이상훈,한세현,김종철 大韓小兒齒科學會 2011 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.38 No.4

The basic structure of the primary crowns usually resemble their succeeding permanent teeth. However, maxillary second primary molars resemble ipsilateral first permanent molars. Accordingly in this study, odontometric data of the two teeth was obtained, then analyzed to verify the morphological relationship and sex difference between the two teeth. Dental study casts were examined for their mesiodistal and buccolingual width of the crowns, diameter of each cusps, and intercuspal distances. Photographs of the crowns were taken to measure the angles between each cusp tip. The results are as follows : 1. In boys, PrI, PaI, DBC angle, and MBC angle did not show any statistically significant difference between the two teeth(p>0.05), and moderate level of correlations were observed. 2. In girls, crown index, DBC angle, and MBC angle of the two teeth did not show any statistically significant difference(p>0.05), and moderate level of correlations were recognized. 3. Measurements that did not show statistically significant difference between the two teeth in both boys and girls were DBC angle and MBC angle(p>0.05). In DLC angle, however, statistically significant difference was observed(p<0.01). 4. Most of the measurements showed sex differences, except DBC angle, which did not show any sex difference in both teeth(p>0.05). 유치 치관의 기본적인 구조는 대개 계승 영구치를 닮는다. 그러나 제2유구치는 계승 영구치인 제2소구치보다 오히려 제1대 구치와 더 유사한 경향이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 한국인에서 상악 제2유구치와 제1대구치의 치아계측학적 자료(odontometric data)를 얻어 두 치아의 형태와 크기 사이의 연관성을 살펴보고, 나아가 남녀간의 차이점 유무를 고찰해 보고자 하였다. 남아 150명, 여아 150명 총 300명의 모형을 이용하여 상악 제2유구치와 상악 제1대구치의 근원심 치관 폭경, 협설측 치관 폭경, 각 교두의 직경, 교두정간 거리를 계측하였고, 치관의 교합면 사진을 촬영하여 각 교두정 사이의 각도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 남아에서 Protocone index, Paraconeindex, Distobuccal cusp(DBC)각, Mesiobuccal cusp(MBC)각은 상악 제1대 구치와 제2유구치 사이에 통계적 유의차가 관찰되지 않았고(p>0.05), 중등도의 상관관계가 확인되었다. 2. 여아에서 crown index, Distobuccal cusp(DBC)각, Mesiobuccal cusp(MBC)각은 상악 제1대구치와 제2유구치 사 이에 통계적 유의차가 관찰되지 않았고(p>0.05), 중등도의 상관관계가 확인되었다. 3. 남, 여 모두에서 Distobuccal cusp(DBC)각, Mesiobuccal cusp(MBC)각은 두 치아 사이에 유의할만한 차이를 보이 지 않았고(p>0.05), Distolingual cusp(DLC)각에서는 통계적 유의차가 관찰되었다(p<0.01). 4. 대부분의 계측치에서 남녀 차이를 나타냈지만, Distobuccal cusp (DBC)각은 상악 제1대구치와 제2유구치 모두에서 남녀 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05).

입원중 피부과에 진찰 의뢰된 환자의 통계적 관찰

이종승(Chong Seong Lee),김광중(Kwang Joong Kim),이일수(Eil Soo Lee),노병인(Byung In Ro) 대한피부과학회 1986 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.24 No.5

Statistical observations were made on 882 patients who had been referred to the Department of Dermatology during hospitalization in Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital between March 1983 and February 1986. The results were as follows: 1) Among 38, 711 in-patients, the consu1ted patients were 882, and the number of male patients was high than that of female by 1. 69 times. 2) The most frequent age group was the 3rd decade, and the highest incidence of seasonal distribution was spring. 3) The ratio of the departmental consulted patients to tbe departmental inpatients was the most highest in Neuropsychiatry. 4) Distribution of dermatoses according to seasons and at individual department was statistically different in various dermatoses. 5) The most common diagnosis of the patient referred to Dermatologic department was bone fracture.