김종삼 시의 침묵 지향적 특성

김기택(Kim, Ki-Taek) 한국비평문학회 2022 批評文學 Vol.- No.83

김종삼 시의 특징의 하나인 이미지의 변용이나 환상의 병치, 풍부한 여백의 활용 등에는 시가 침묵에 귀 기울이고 침묵의 부름에 응답하는 것이라는 인식이 있으며, 침묵으로 소통하려는 방법이 있다. 그의 시에서 대상과의 거리, 시각적 청각적 이미지, 말하는 태도 등을 살펴보면 침묵 지향성이 보인다. 이 연구는 그 침묵 지향적 특징을 밝히는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이 글에서는 김종삼 시의 침묵 지향적 특성을 세 가지 측면에서 살펴보았다. 첫째로 김종삼 시는 대상과 침묵 지향적인 거리를 둠으로써 불안과 고통에서 벗어나 심리적인 안정을 꾀하려 한다. 대상과 거리가 가깝고 소리가 클 때, 시적 화자는 불안하고 불편한 심리를 보이지만 거리가 멀어지고 소리가 낮아지거나 침묵 상태에 이르면 점차 안정되고 편안해진다. 대상과 거리 두기의 지향점은 침묵이다. 둘째로 마음이 안정되고 정신이 고양될 때 화자의 내면에는 음악적 동요가 일어나고 시적 순간이 현현한다. 화자는 고요한 풍경이나 추억에서 종종 악기 소리를 듣는데, 이 소리는 귀로 들리는 소리가 아니라 내면에서 일어나는 음악적 동요이다. 이런 순간에 소리는 시각적 이미지로 변화하거나 풍경이 청각적 이미지로 변화되기도 한다. 이러한 변화를 일으키는 과정에서 침묵은 핵심적인 기능을 담당한다. 셋째로 김종삼 시의 침묵 지향적 태도에는 말하지 않으려는 경향이 있다. 이것은 말을 회피하고 거부하는 수동적 태도이지만, 지적 방법과 의지에 따라 점차 능동적으로 변화한다. 이 태도는 말할 수 없음, 말하지 못함, 존재로 말함의 단계로 변화한다. 말할 수 없음에는 억압되고 차단되어 말할 수 없는 실어증적인 태도가 있으며, 말할 줄 모름에는 말을 회피하는 수동적 태도와 존재의 순수성을 지키려는 능동적 태도의 양면성이 있다. 존재로 말함에는 존재가 스스로 드러나도록 함으로써 말할 수 없는 것을 침묵으로 소통하려는 지적 방법론과 의지가 드러난다. Kim Jong-Sam(1921-1984) is one of the important post-war poet who start to write poetry after the cease of Korean War. The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of Kim Jong-Sam’s silence-oriented poetry, which is appeared in the distance to the poetic objects, the change of visual or audial images and the attitude of saying. This study searches for three ways of characteristics of Kim Jong-Sam’s silence-oriented poetry. First, Kim’s poetry tries to maintain the silence-oriented distance toward to the object and loud sound just to get out of the trouble and to be stabilized. The poetic speaker shows instability when the objects are closed to him so that he may hear the loud and rough sound. However, his mind turns into stabilized when he maintains the long distance with the objects and the sound is lower. So the poetic speaker’s mind is quiet and happy. Second, when the poetic speaker’s mind is tranquilized, he may experience the musical fluctuation and the poetic instances. He often hear the musical sound when he see the beautiful landscape or recollect his old times. This is not the sound hearing in his ear, but the musical fluctuation created in his peaceful mind. Third, there is the basic attitude not to say anything in Kim Jong-Sam’s silence-oriented poetry. However, this attitude is gradually changed from passivity to activity by the poetic speaker’s intellectual method and willingness. There are three steps in this attitude not to say—‘impossible to say’, ‘no ability to say’ and ‘saying through the existence’. ‘Impossible to say’ has the aphasic attitude under the condition of suppressed and blocked speaking. ‘No ability to say’ has two sides, passive way to avoid to say and active way to keep the purity of existence. ‘Saying through the existence’ is the intellectual way to communicate by silence with the appearance of existence itself instead of utterance by mouth.

뇌동맥류 수술시 체성감각유발전위의 모니터링

염기훈,김국기,이기택,박종태,임영진,김태성,이봉암,임언 대한신경외과학회 1999 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.28 No.4

수평 매복된 상악 중절치의 교정적 견인 : 증례 보고

김미니,김영재,김정욱,장기택,김종철,한세현,이상훈 大韓小兒齒科學會 2008 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.35 No.4

본 증례는 수평 변위 매복과 치근 만곡을 가진 상악 중절치를 폐쇄 노출법을 이용한 교정적 견인을 시행하여 영구 전치의 기능과 심미성을 회복하였다. 상악 영구 전치가 수평으로 매복된 경우,가급적 조기에 발견하는 것이 중요하며, 촉진,시진,방사선 사진 등을 이용한 적절한 치료 계획의 수립이 필요하다. 상악 영구 전치의 매복이 조기에 적절히 치료되지 못하면 정중선의 변위,인접치의 이동에 의한 맹출 공간의 감소,치조골 높이의 차이 뿐만 아니라,이로 인한 심미적인 문제를 야기하여 소아 심리 발달에 해로운 영향을 줄 수 있기 때문이다. 매복치의 치료는 매복치의 형태,위치,상태에 따라 다양하나,주기적 관찰 방법,상부 연조직과 경조직을 단순히 제거하여 맹출을 유도하는 방법,외과적 노출 후 매복치를 교정적으로 견인하는 방법,치아 이식술,발치 등을 시행할 수 있다. 이중 이번 증례에서 시행한 매복치의 교정적 견인은 매복치의 치축이 정상 맹출로와 일치되지 않으며,주기적인 관찰 후 더 이상의 맹출이 기대되지 않을 때 시행하는 가장 일반적으로 적용되는 방법으로 매복의 심도,치아의 발육단계,만곡의 부위와 정도,수술방법과 견인방향 등을 고려하여 치료의 예후를 향상 시킬 수 있다. Maxillary central incisor impactions occur infrequently. Their origins include various local causes, such as odontoma, supernumerary teeth, space loss, and disturbances in the eruption path, also trauma and apical follicular cysts. Impacted teeth can cause serious dental and aesthetic difficulties as well as psychological problems especially in anterior regions. Although the impaction of maxillary incisor occurs less frequently than that of the maxillary canine. it is of concern to parents during the early mixed dentition stage because of the uneruption of the tooth. Forced eruption of impacted teeth should be considered in young patients because this technique can lead to suitable results from a periodontal, occlusal, and esthetic perspective at an earlier stage better than with other treatment options. This report presents the surgical and orthodontic treatment of cases with horizontally impacted and dilacerated maxillary central incisors. For each patient. we used the closed eruption method. placed an attachment on the impacted tooth on surgery, and fully closed the flap. Traction was applied immediately. The impacted tooth erupts through the healed tissue in a manner resembling normal eruption.

Low Dose Exposure to Di-2-Ethylhexylphthalate in Juvenile Rats Alters the Expression of Genes Related with Thyroid Hormone Regulation

Kim, Minjeong,Jeong, Ji Seong,Kim, Hyunji,Hwang, Seungwoo,Park, Il-Hyun,Lee, Byung-Chul,Yoon, Sung Il,Jee, Sun Ha,Nam, Ki Taek,Lim, Kyung-Min The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology 2018 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.26 No.5

Phthalates widely used in the manufacture of plastics have deeply penetrated into our everyday lives. Recently, a concern over the toxicity of phthalates on thyroid, has been raised but in most of cases, the doses employed were unrealistically high. To investigate the effects of phthalates on thyroid, we investigated the effects of the repeated oral exposure to low to high doses (0.3, 3, 30 and 150 mg/kg) di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) from weaning to maturity for 90 days in juvenile rats on the thyroid. The histological examination revealed that DEHP significantly induced hyperplasia in the thyroid from the doses of 30 mg/kg, which was confirmed with Ki67 staining. In line with this finding, increased mRNA expression of thyrotropin releasing hormone (Trh) was observed in the thyroid of female at 0.3 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg as determined by RNAseq analysis. Moreover, significantly increased expression of parathyroid hormone (Pth) in the female at 0.3 mg/kg, and thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroid hormone responsive (Thrsp) in the male at 0.3 mg/kg were noted in the blood, of which changes were substantially attenuated at 150 m/kg, alluding the meaningful effects of low dose DEHP on the thyroid hormone regulation. Urinary excretion of mono-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate (MEHP), a major metabolite of DEHP was determined to be 4.10 and 12.26 ppb in male, 6.65 and 324 ppb in female at 0.3 and 30 mg/kg DEHP, respectively, which fell within reported human urine levels. Collectively, these results suggest a potential adverse effects of low dose phthalates on the thyroid.

Low Dose Exposure to Di-2-Ethylhexylphthalate in Juvenile Rats Alters the Expression of Genes Related with Thyroid Hormone Regulation

( Minjeong Kim ),( Ji Seong Jeong ),( Hyunji Kim ),( Seungwoo Hwang ),( Il-hyun Park ),( Byung-chul Lee ),( Sung Il Yoon ),( Sun Ha Jee ),( Ki Taek Nam ),( Kyung-min Lim ) 한국응용약물학회 2018 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.26 No.5

Phthalates widely used in the manufacture of plastics have deeply penetrated into our everyday lives. Recently, a concern over the toxicity of phthalates on thyroid, has been raised but in most of cases, the doses employed were unrealistically high. To investigate the effects of phthalates on thyroid, we investigated the effects of the repeated oral exposure to low to high doses (0.3, 3, 30 and 150 mg/kg) di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) from weaning to maturity for 90 days in juvenile rats on the thyroid. The histological examination revealed that DEHP significantly induced hyperplasia in the thyroid from the doses of 30 mg/kg, which was confirmed with Ki67 staining. In line with this finding, increased mRNA expression of thyrotropin releasing hormone (Trh) was observed in the thyroid of female at 0.3 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg as determined by RNAseq analysis. Moreover, significantly increased expression of parathyroid hormone (Pth) in the female at 0.3 mg/kg, and thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroid hormone responsive (Thrsp) in the male at 0.3 mg/kg were noted in the blood, of which changes were substantially attenuated at 150 m/kg, alluding the meaningful effects of low dose DEHP on the thyroid hormone regulation. Urinary excretion of mono-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate (MEHP), a major metabolite of DEHP was determined to be 4.10 and 12.26 ppb in male, 6.65 and 324 ppb in female at 0.3 and 30 mg/kg DEHP, respectively, which fell within reported human urine levels. Collectively, these results suggest a potential adverse effects of low dose phthalates on the thyroid.

제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 유리 테스토스테론과 성호르몬 결합 글로블린 농도

남기덕,김영설,박철영,오승준,김덕윤,우정택,김성운,양인명,김진우,최영길 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.24 No.6

연구배경:인슐린저항성은 제2형 당뇨병과 심혈관질환의 주요한 위험 인자로 성호르몬과 상호 관계가 있다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 여성과는 달리 남성에서는 연령과 인슐린저항성에 따른 유리 테스토스테론과 성호르몬 결합 글로블린 농도의 변화에 대한 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 그러므로, 본 저자등은 제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 정산인과 비교해서 유리 테스토스테론과 성호르몬 결합 글로블린 농도를 측정하고 연령에 따른 변화 정도를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법:대상 환자 모두에서 연령과 체질량지수, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 공복혈당과 인슐린 농도를 측정하였다. 혈중 유리 테스토스테론 농도는 방사면역측정법(radioimmunoassay)을 이용해서 측정하였고, 혈중 성호르몬 결합글로불린은 면역방사계측측정법(immunoradiometric assay)을 이용해서 측정하였다(Diagnostic System Laoratories, Wbster, TX, USA). 결과:1)제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 정상 대조군 남성에 비해 성호르몬 결합글로불린은 104.1±35.0 vs 25.7±3.5 mole×10??로 의미 있게 높았으나(p<0.001), 유리 테스토스테론은 13.7±9.5 vs 13.6±6.5 ng/dL로 차이가 없었다. 2)연령과 성호르몬 결합 글로블린 사이의 상관 계수는 제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 0.40로 중등고의 양의 상관 관계를 보였고(p<0.001), 정상 대조군 남성에서 0.11로 유의한 상관 관계를 보이지 않았다. 연령과 유리 테스토스테론 사이의 상관 계수는 제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 0.08, 정상 대조군 남성에서-0.17로 모두에서 유의한 상관 관계를 보이지 않았다. 3)연령과 체질량지수를 보정한 후에 제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자와 정상 대조군 남성에서 혈중 인슐린 농도, 유리 테스토스테론과 성호르몬 결합 글로블린 사이에는 상관 관계가 없었다. 결론:제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 정상 남성에 비해 성호르몬 결합 글로블린 농도가 증가되어 있었으며, 유리 테스토스테론은 차이가 없었다. 연령이 증가함에 따라 성호르몬 결합 글로블린이 제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 정상 남성에 비해 증가 폭이 의미있게 컸으며, 유리 테스토스테론은 변화가 없었다. Background: Insulin resistance is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. There are many previous studies indicating that insulin lowers serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels, and there is inverse correlation between insulin resistance and serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels in women. However, in men, a limited number of studies are available to explain the effect of sex hormone on age and insulin. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship among free testosterone, hormone-binding globulin and age in type 2 diabetic men and control subjects. Method: Age, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood sugar, and insulin concentrations were examined on 89 type 2 diabetic men and 47 control subjects. The free testosterone level was measured by commercially available double-antibody system (Radioimmunoassay). The sex hormone-binding globulin level was also measured by commercially available double-antibody system(Immunoradiometric assay). Results: 1) Sex hormone-binding globulin level was significantly increased in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, there was no significantly difference in free testosterone level between the two groups. 2) Sex hormone-binding globulin was positively correlated with age (r=0.4, p <0.001) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Sex hormone-binding globulin and free testosterone were not correlated with age in control sujects. 3) Free testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations were not significantly related to serum insulin concentration after adjusting for age and body mass index. Conclusions: We observed increased sex hormone-binding globulin concentration in diabetes man, and was a positively related to age. Further studies are needed to understand the relationships between age, insulin resistance, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations(J Kor Diabetes Asso 24:699~707,2000).

점증적 최대운동후 회복기의 단전호흡, 정적 및 동적 휴식간 심박수 및 혈중 젖산농도의 비교

김기진,이건택 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 2003 科學論集 Vol.29 No.-

This study was performed the comparison of changes of heart rate and blood lactate concentration among the abdomen respiration, static recovery, and dynamic recovery after graded maximal exercise in novice and experienced groups. The results were as follow. Change of heart rate in both groups showed the similar response that the increase showed during graded exercise and the decrease showed during recovery phase. Change of heart rate in abdomen respiration during recovery phase showed the lowest values, but it is no significant difference among recovery trials. In the blood lactate concentration of experienced group, abdomen respiration showed a significant lowest values than static and dynamic recovery trials at 15 min and 30 min of recovery phase. Recovery rate of heart rate in abdomen respiration showed the activated tendency, and recovery rate of blood lactate in dynamic recovery showed the activated tendency among recovery trials to exercise-induced fatigue. In these result, although it could not showed a significant difference of exercise-induced fatigue among the recovery trials, it could be suggest the effective trial of abdomen respiration after graded maximal exercise.

'스페인 크라우제철학'의 역사적 성격

김기택 조선대학교 외국문화연구소 1996 外國文化硏究 Vol.19 No.1

韓國김치의 貯藏에 關한 學科 硏究 : 第二報告 통조림김치의 貯藏中에 일어나는 Vitamin의 變化 Ⅱ Changes in the Content of Ascorbis acid Durind Storage in tin can

金昌湜,鄭基澤 慶北大學校 1960 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

1. During the storage of Kimchi in the in the form of decrement of Total Vitamin C to that of Reduced Vitamin C decreases as the storage time increases. However, this is not the case for Kimchi Juice. Probably due to the production of reducing agents beside Reduced Ascorbic Acid. 2. The amount of V­C decrease at storage temperature is not very different from that at room temperature, probably due to the inability to maintain sufficiently low temperature in the refrigerator. 3. It has already been found in the previous experiment that the unpresalted Kimchi is more delicious and more suitable for canning than the presalted Kimchi. In this experiment it was also found that the un­presalted Kimchi is a better source of V­C than the presalted Kimchi. The significance of this result may affect the economical use of Kimchi. For example, if 60㎎ of V­C per day is required for an adult, then only 260g of un­presalted Kimchi would be enough instead of 340g of presalted Kimchi.

산쓰 델 리오와 스페인 크라우제 철학

김기택 조선대학교 인문학연구소 1998 外國文化硏究 Vol.21 No.1

Julia´n Sanz del Ri´o es quiza´ el hombre que ma´s ha influido en la formacio´n del pensamiento espan~ol contempora´neo. Hablar de su vida(1814-1869) es evocar una de las situaciones ma´s drama´ticas de la vida espan~ola. Desde el verano del 1843 y hasta finales del 44 Sanz del Ri´o permanecio´ en la Universidad de Heidelberg estudiando con aplicacio´n la filosofi´a de Krausw. Al regresar a Espan~a en 1845 el Gobierno le ofrecio´ una ca´tedra de Ampliacio´n de Filosofi´a, que no acepto´ alegando su todavi´a insuficiente preparacio´n. Se retiro´ entonces a Illescas, donde permanceio´ durante casi diez an~os. En su retiro medito´ y reelaboro´ el sistema de Krause. A comienzos de 1854 Sanz del Ri´o ingreso´ en la Universidad Central para ocupar la ca´tedra que habi´a rechazado anteriormente. Desde 1854 hasta su muerte, Sanz del Ri´o vivio´ entregado de lleno a sus de la universidad, verdadero foco de la renovacio´n filoso´fica del pai´s. Siendo el krausismo espan~ol una importacio´n extranjera, llega a ser en Espan~a una de las manifestaciones intelectuales ma´s castizas y espan~olas, es decir, 'planta netamente espan~ola', con 『Ideal de la Humanidad para la vida』(1860), obra que sen~ale el derrotero a seguir por los krausistas espan~oles. Desde que Sanz del Ri´o comenzo´ a divulgar el krausismo espan~ol, que fue una tendencia a la reforma pra´ctica de la vida, de la cultura y del modo de ser espan~ol, se desato~ una fuerte reaccio´n contra sus doctrinas por parte de los elementos ma´s tradicionalistas y conservadores de la vida cultural y pu´blica. Hasta su muerte esta hostilidad apenas si le dejo´ un momento de reposo. En 1869 'falleci´a extenuado, ma´s que por su intenso trabajo de siempre, por la barbarie del medio y las persecuciones'.