Mechanism underlying 2n male and female gamete formation in lemon via cytological and molecular marker analysis

Kai‑Dong Xie,Qiang‑Ming Xia,Jun Peng,Xiao‑Meng Wu,Zong‑Zhou Xie,Chun‑Li Chen,Wen‑Wu Guo 한국식물생명공학회 2019 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.13 No.2

The unreduced (2n) gametes have long been used in triploid breeding of citrus. In lemon, the previously reported mechanisms for 2n megagametophyte formation were controversial, whereas that for 2n pollen production is still unknown. Herein, the frequency of and mechanism underlying 2n megagametophyte and 2n pollen formation in ‘Eureka’ lemon were investigated based on cytological observation and genotyping of the triploid hybrids between ‘Eureka’ lemon and ‘Early gold’ sweet orange. As a result, 4.79% of the viable pollens of ‘Eureka’ lemon were identified as the 2n pollen with a larger diameter (70.16 ± 3.92 μm). The 2n pollen might be resulted from the formation of parallel spindles at meiosis stage II. Among the 204 plantlets regenerated from embryo rescue following the sexual cross, 12 were triploids as identified by flow cytometry. According to the analysis of heterozygosity transmission using 13 pericentromeric single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and 20 randomly distributed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, 11 triploids were identified to be originated from the fertilization of 2n megagametophytes of ‘Eureka’ lemon, with a frequency of 5.39%. Among them, nine 2n megagametophytes were supposed to be arisen from the second division restitution (SDR), whereas the other two were from postmeiotic genome doubling (PMD). These results to understand the mechanism underlying 2n gamete formation in lemon are valuable for its efficient polyploid breeding.

따뜻한 유아교육공동체 형성을 위한 구성원의 공통 핵심 역량 요소 탐색

정계숙,윤갑정,박희경 부산대학교 과학교육연구소 2016 교사교육연구 Vol.55 No.2

The purpose of the study was to examine the community members’ core competences for forming a ‘warm’ early childhood educational community as an ideal model of early childhood education. For this purpose, 6 people including parents, teacher, practician in the communal childcare cooperatives and 6 people including professors, directors teacher, school supervisor participated in the Focus Group Interview (FGI). The results were as follows: The first core competencies for developing a ‘warm’ early childhood educational community was sense of partnership which was characterized by; ‘understanding each other and warm hearted sympathy’, ‘a common purpose for children’s future’, ‘forgiveness and accepting each other’s differences’, and ‘meeting for building a positive relationship’. The second core competencies for developing a ‘warm’ early childhood educational community was sharing of key values between members which was characterized by; ‘establishment of self-identity and community identity’, ‘sharing perspectives and values on education’, ‘willingness for learning together in daily life’ and ‘democratic communication skill and decision-making ability’. Implications for the core competencies development and support toward building a warm early childhood educational community was discussed.

대인간 기술(People Skills) 증진 프로그램의 효과 연구(Ⅰ)

정계숙,심미경 부산대학교 영유아보육연구소 1998 영유아보육연구 Vol.4 No.-

The study aimed at implementing the social enhancement program, named the People Skills Program for children with problems of social development and describing the effects of the program. As a group counseling program, the People Skills Program was focused on enhancement of children's self-understanding and social skills. Four children from four elementary schools were target children referred by their mother and teachers to the Counseling Depart of Child Educare Research Institutel, Pusan National University. Two boys were in the 3rd grade and two girls were in the 2nd grade. The K-ABC Intelligence Test and the Social Skill Rating Scale were applied to identify whether the developmental charcteristics of the referred children were suitable for the program and the development levels of social skills of the target children. With annecdotal records for 12 sessions, each of the sessions took 90 minutes, once a week, the behavioral changes of the target children were analyzed. Effects of the program were described and discussed.

어머니의 발달지체유아에 대한 유관적 상호작용 행동 중재 효과 연구

정계숙,윤갑정 부산대학교 영유아보육연구소 2001 영유아보육연구 Vol.7 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in contingent interaction behaviors of mothers with developmentally delayed young children through the intervention program for better mother-child interactions. The subjects were four children with developmental delays and their mothers who not received parent education program ever. The intervention program was consisted of 16 sessions and each session had intervention activities which were selected to improve negative and non-contingent interaction behaviors between mothers and their young children with developmental delays. The effects of the mother-child interaction program were presented by analyzing the changes in the frequencies of contingent interaction behaviors, each of attempts and responses behaviors, between children and their mothers and describing the characteristic behaviors which explained the changes of their contingent interaction behaviors through the analysis of the play behavior episodes between each dyads. The effects of the program were as follows. First, the frequencies of contingent attempt and response behaviors of the mothers increased through the mother-child interaction intervention program. Second, the contingent attempt and response behaviors of the mothers were improved qualitatively through the mother-child interaction intervention program. The results were discussed on the point of developing the better intervention program practices for mothers with young children with developmental delays and suggested some implications for it.

사회성 증진 프로그램의 유아 사회적 기술 향상 효과에 대한 연구

정계숙,문성숙 부산대학교 사범대학 1998 교사교육연구 Vol.36 No.-

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of social enhancement program on the social skills of young children and the differential effects of the program according to sex and the primary level of social skills. The 115 5-year-old children of experiment(n=69) and control groups(n=46) were selected from 4 public kindergarten classes in Pusan. The Social Skill Rating Scale was used for young children's social skills. The social enhancement program conducted for a 19-weeks period was developed on the bases of the model of children's peer-related peer-related social competence suggested by Guralnick (1990). It found that the program enhanced the social skills scores of young children, total and 2 sub-areas, cooperation and self-assertion scores, but not self-control score. There were no differential effects of the program on social skills according to sex and the levels of the primary social skills, except self-control skill by sex. The results were discussed on a methodological aspect for developing and implementing the social enhancement programs.

釜山市人口增加率에 따른 上水道擴張計劃에 對한 上水道의 動脈線(上)

尹快俊 東亞大學校 1964 東亞論叢 Vol.2 No.2

Water is one of the most indispensable necessaries in human life. Though at present towards 68waterworks facilities supply no less than 600,000 ton of clean water, whose rate per capita for a day shows lower compared with the advanced countries.In five great cities including Seoul in this country,they are desparately in shortage of water supply for both drink and engineering. In this thesis, the writer tries to revise all kinds of short-sighted means of waterworks Pusan City has initially established with streamlets only, into a large-scaled one in preparation for a prompt population increase by not later than 1985 with groping some main artery water lines. As the table 9 shows, the annual rainfall does'nt suffice the total necessary amount for expanding population, so Pusan City is strenuously probing for an artificial means of waterworks, cultivating flumes of Naktong River with both routes of "Naktong-Hoedong" and "Mulkum-Kupo". However, The plan of water conduction from Naktong River much deviates from a standard one in the points that water does'nt be irrigated in clean re-servior from its conducting position, only passing through Hoedong Reservior with such preferable points as followings: 1. Standing water in Hoedong Reservior is capable to avail all the year round 2. In rainy season drawing works might be saved, 3. Flume pipes necessary for futher waterworks in preparation for popula-tion increase would much be cut down, etc. In near future, with expansion of the city,said "Mulkum-Kupo" route would be supplemented by the "Sasang-Hoedong-Kamchon"line as a subsidiary route. This plan will perhaps curtail lots of flume pipes,making profitable in hydrau-lic pressure disposition. From this point of view,demand for water supply to Pusan City will be de-pendent mainly upon Naktong River for 10 years hereafter,and for the increased population in Pusan by 1985,the Mulkum-Kupo route would fairly be competent together with for its coastal area.

통합학급 장애유아의 또래놀이 가입행동의 지속성과 융통성에 관한 연구

정계숙,김진희 부산대학교 영유아보육연구소 1997 영유아보육연구 Vol.3 No.-

AbstractA Study of Disabled Children's Persistence and Flexibilith of Entry Behaviors into Peer Play in Early Childhood ClassroomsKai-Sook Chung and Jin-Hee KimThe purposes of this study were 1) to examine the persistence and flexibility of entry behavious into peer play for young children with disabilities, 2) the differences of the play group size which children try to enter, the types of entry behaviors and peer responses to entry behaviors according to the degree of disabled children's persistence and flexibility.The subjects of this study were 10 disabled children ranged from 4 to 6 years age and selected from 8 early childhood classrooms which include disabled children in Pusan.The measuring tools used to diagnose young children with disabilities in this study were Korean Education Development Institute-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children(KEDI-WISC) and KIRBS Intelligence Scale for Children(KISC), Language Recognition-Comprehensive Competence Test and Development Measurement Scale.The entry behaviors into peer play of disabled young children were checked with the Observation Checklist of Entry Behaviors for Young Children with Disabilities. The results were as follows :First, the rates of flexibility and persistence of young children with disabilities were mostly high. In total, the rate of flexibility was higher than that of persistence. Second, the most size of peer group which young children with disabilities entered was one child. The high and low gorups of persistence and flexibility mostly entered into single child. The high group of flexibility secondly entered into peer groups composed of 2 children, but the low flexibility group secondly entered into peer groups composed of 4 children.Third, the high group of persistence mostly wated and hovered to enter and secondly selected non-play-related utterance/action. The low group of persistence mostly selected group play-related utterance/action and secondly wated and hovered. The high flexibility group choosed play-related utterance/action mostly, while the low group of flexibility mostly wated and hovered to enter.Fourth, the four groups of persistence and flexibility were mostly(average 70.3%) not accepted by the peers with whom they wanted to play.

信息技術發展與嚴播組織權利保護制度的重塑

胡開忠 東國大學校 比較法文化硏究所 2008 比較法硏究 Vol.8 No.2

Abstract: Owing to great development of contemporary information technology, it is easier to transmit broadcast programs illegally, thus the rights of broadcast organization are menaced to be violated seriously increasingly, however, the protection system of broadcast organization based on the Roman Convention does not meet the demands of information technology development gradually. So international intellectual property organization has managed and drew up new plan for broadcast organization rights protection and enlarged the rights of broadcast organization ,but the plan is also criticized by the governments and corporations in some developing countries and some developed countries. We should pay close attention to the newest trends of rights protection of international broadcast organization, make timely amendment on our Copyright Law, and pay attention to protection of the justified interests of the public while protecting broadcast organization rights.

경증 지적 지체유아 통합학급에서의 교육연극 활용 연구

정계숙 釜山大學校 師範大學 2003 교사교육연구 Vol.42 No.-

This study aimed to examine applicability of creative drama to the inclusive classrooms for changing attitudes of general children toward mentally retarded peers and promoting social interactions between them, and suggest an example of administration of a creative drama activity program. Most of inclusive teachers have difficulties for managing their classrooms because they didn't have informations enough about children with disabilities and teaching strategies. Social interaction between children with and without disabilities is a most important benefit of inclusion. Thus, inclusive teachers need the natural intervention strategies for promoting positive relationship between children. Children, even mildly mentally retarded ones, enjoy imagination and dramatic play. Creative drama has various educational and developmental meanings. It is a educational process of making a drama by collaboration and a process of self-development for all children through various experiences with emotional regulation, socially maturational behaviors and free verbal and non-verbal self-expression. Most of all, it doesn't need for inclusive teachers to be trained about the structured intervention strategies based on behavioral learning theories, distancing from developmentally appropriate practices in early childhood education. By these points creative drama can be used as a natural routine activity of a preschool daily schedule successfully. It concluded that creative drama could be a effective strategy for changing negative attitudes of general young children toward peers with mild mental retardation and establishing positive relationship between children with and without disabilities.

놀이중심 사회적 능력 향상 프로그램의 효과 연구:친구가 없는 유아를 대상으로

정계숙,박명화 부산대학교 영유아보육연구소 2000 영유아보육연구 Vol.6 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the group intervention program for friendless young children on enhancement of their social competence. The study was one of the planned variations study series for identifying the effectiveness of the Social Competence Program developed for children with social and emotional difficulties or developmental delays by the Child Counseling and Intervention Center, Child Educare Research Institute, PNU since 1998. The goal of the program was to improve social competence through the therapeutic play activities on social skills and self-esteem for friendless young children. The subjects were 4 young children who had few friends. The program was composed of total 12 sessions for 12 weeks. Each session was implemented for 90 minutes by 2 interveners. Every child was observed and recorded on 2 target behaviors and related social behaviors after the 2-3th session. The behavior episodes of each of children were described through all sessions by the assigned observers for them and video taped automatically. The effects of the program were described with qualitative analysis of the test scores, the behavior episodes and frequencies of target behaviors of each child. In result, each subject showed different changes of target behaviors and other related social behaviors. But most of children became to feel more confident by themselves and be sociable. It was concluded that the group intervention program for improvement of social competence through therapeutic play activities was generally effective for friendless young children.