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李啓烈,朴洪均 여수대학교 1994 論文集 Vol.8 No.-
As the transport has been generalized to multimodel transport from ocean transport with the development of trade, the carrier's liability has been extended to port to port. The cargo insurance must also meet such a requirement of the times. So the introduced clause is Warehouse to Warehouse Clause on I.C.C and it was enacted to clarify the concepts of transportation and final warehouse as the transit clause in 1982. The term insureed is very meaningful to insurer and insured in contract of insurance like perils covered and excluded perils because it dertermines protection by insurance for insured and the risk cover for insurer. The transit clause this study is to investigate is the most important on clauses of ICC and is hard to understand, and has many problems for its interpretation and especially coming into questions are as follows ; First, in ordinary course of transit, what voyage does it belong to the conventional scope ? Second, as the meaning of final warehouse, what is the final warehouse ? Third, which is the intermedite warehouse, stowage of final warehouse for distribution ? Fourth, in the clause that" the insurance shall be expired on 60th days after discharge", how does the basic period of 60th days be calculated? In applying the transit clause of ICC(Institute Cargo Cluses)to the cargoes of transit system, it has primary factor of dispute on its interpretation and may result in a disadvantageous result which can not be anticipated in the position of shipper. This paper examines and reviews the literatures at home and abord related to multimodal transport insurance and investigates clear duration of risk of insurer and rational interpretation based on the historical consideratins and case examination and then to complement it, questionnaire is executed and claim documents of the insurance company are arranged and analyzed.
자외선 조사에 의한 인체 각질형성세포 세포고사 방어인자에 관한 연구
박수홍,박준홍,이종석,황규왕,김계정 순천향의학연구소 1998 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.4 No.2
Back ground: Human skin is continuously exposed to UV irradiation. Ultraviolet irradiation of human skin cause sunburn cell which is relevant to the apoptosis of keratinocytes. In the epidermis, apoptosis inducing factors and anti-apoptotic factors probably exist to maintain the integrity of keratinocytes. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the exsistence of apoptosis inducing factors and anti-apoptotic defence factors by evaluation of UV induced apoptosis in cultured human keratinocyte and other keratinocyte cell lines(A-431 cells, KB cells) and its susceptibility of UV induced apoptosis in various conditions. Method: In this study, the percentages of apoptosis, necrosis and cell viability of irradiated human keratinocytes and othe keratinocyte cell lines by MMT assay and AO/EO stain. The percentages of those were measured before UVB irradiation and 8, 24, 48 hours after UVB irradiation. Also, the same evaluations were performed with irradiated human keratinocytes cultured without growth factor and with enough growth factors, both results were compared with each other. And the effect of cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor was evaluated. Also that of aurintricarboxylic acid(ATA), an inhibitor of endonucleases which play an important role in inducing apoptosis of human keratinocytes was evaluated. Result: Human keratinocytes and other keratinocyte cell lines(A-431 cells, KB cells) were cultured in vitro developed maximal apoptosis 48 hours after irradiation, keratinocytes were more resistant to UV induced apoptosis than the others. The withdrawal of growth factors from keratinocyte and addition of cycloheximide decreased the cell survival rate following UV irradiation and increased the induction of apoptosis. And ATA inhibited UV induced apoptosis. Conclusion: These results indicate that human keratinocytes have both anti-apoptotic factors and apoptosis inducing factors to maintain the homeostasis. And survival signals mediated through growth factors or cellular proteins are responsible for the resistance to apoptosis observed in keratinocytes in vitro.
Lee, Kwan-Ho,Lee, Kye-Young,Jeon, Young-June,Jung, Maan-Hong,Son, Choonhee,Lee, Min-Ki,Ryu, Jeong-Seon,Yang, Sei-Hoon,Lee, Jae-Cheol,Kim, Young-Chul,Kim, Sun-Young The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2012 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.73 No.6
Background: This study was designed to analyze the efficacy of gefitinib as a second-line therapy, according to the clinical characteristics in Korean patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: In this Phase IV observational study, we recruited patients, previously failed first-line chemotherapy, who had locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC, and who were found to be either epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive or satisfied 2 or more of the 3 characteristics: adenocarcinoma, female, and non-smoker. These patients were administered with gefitinib 250 mg/day, orally. The primary endpoints were to evaluate the objective response rate (ORR) and to determine the relationship of ORRs, depending on each patient's characteristics of modified intent-to-treat population. Results: A total of 138 patients participated in this study. One subject achieved complete response, and 42 subjects achieved partial response (ORR, 31.2%). The subgroup analysis demonstrated that the ORR was significantly higher in patients with EGFR mutation-positive, compared to that of EGFR mutation-negative (45.8% vs. 14.0%, p=0.0004). In a secondary efficacy variable, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.7 months (95% confidence interval, 3.9~8.4 months) and the 6-month PFS and overall survival were 49.6% and 87.9%, respectively. The most common reported adverse events were rash (34.4%), diarrhea (26.6%), pruritus (17.5%), and cough (15.6%). Conclusion: Gefitinib was observed in anti-tumor activity with favorable tolerability profile as a second-line therapy in these selected patients. When looking at EGFR mutation status, EGFR mutation-positive showed strong association with gefitinib by greater response and prolonged PFS, compared with that of EGFR mutation-negative.
Hong, Young Joon,Jeong, Myung Ho,Choi, Yun Ha,Song, Jin A,Kim, Dong Han,Lee, Ki Hong,Yamanaka, Futoshi,Lee, Min Goo,Park, Keun Ho,Sim, Doo Sun,Yoon, Nam Sik,Yoon, Hyun Ju,Kim, Kye Hun,Park, Hyung Wook The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2012 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.27 No.4
<P>The aim of the present study was to evaluate the plaque components and the predictors of thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) in anemic patients with acute coronary syndrome using virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS). Anemia was defined according to criteria of the World Health Organization, (i.e. , hemoglobin levels < 13 g/dL in men and < 12 g/dL in women) and we compared VH-IVUS findings between anemia group (171 patients, 260 lesions) and non-anemia group (569 patients, 881 lesions). Anemia group had greater % necrotic core (NC) volume (21% ± 9% vs 19% ± 9%, <I>P</I> = 0.001) compared with non-anemia group. Hemoglobin level correlated negatively with absolute NC volume (<I>r</I> = -0.235, <I>P</I> < 0.001) and %NC volume (<I>r</I> = -0.209, <I>P</I> < 0.001). Independent predictors of TCFA by multivariate analysis were diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR], 2.213; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.403-3.612, <I>P</I> = 0.006), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (OR, 1.143; 95% CI, 1.058-1.304, <I>P</I> = 0.012), microalbuminuria (albumin levels of 30 to 300 mg/g of creatinine) (OR, 2.124; 95% CI, 1.041-3.214, <I>P</I> = 0.018), and anemia (OR: 2.112; 95% CI 1.022-3.208, <I>P</I> = 0.028). VH-IVUS analysis demonstrates that anemia at the time of clinical presentation is associated with vulnerable plaque component in patients with acute coronary syndrome.</P>
OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF NEUTRON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN KOREA
Lee, Kye-Hong,Park, J.M. Sung-Il,Kim, Hark-Rho,Jun, Byung-Jin,Kim, Young-Jin,Ha, Jae-Joo,Kim, Mahn-Won,Choi, Sung-Min Korean Nuclear Society 2009 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.41 No.4
Neutron science and technology, the utilization of neutron beams for a wide variety of scientific and engineering research ranging from materials and life science to industrial applications, has been one of the key elements of modem science and technology. Currently, the neutron science and technology in Korea is in rapid growth with the operation of the 30 MW High-flux Advanced Neutron Application Reactor (HANARO) at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, which is one of the most powerful nuclear research reactors in the world. Furthermore, a state of the art HANARO cold neutron research facility, which will open a new era for the neutron science and technology in Korea, is expected to become available in 2010. In this paper, the progress of neutron science and technology in Korea is reviewed and its unprecedented new opportunities and challenges in coming years are presented.
Lee, Kyoung G.,Park, Tae Jung,Soo, Song Young,Wang, Kye Won,Kim, Byeong I.I.,Park, Jae Hong,Lee, Chang‐,Soo,Kim, Do Hyun,Lee, Seok Jae Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 Biotechnology and bioengineering Vol.107 No.4
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>We report herein an effective strategy for encapsulating <I>Escherichia coli</I> in polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) microdroplets using a microfluidic device and chemical polymerization. PEGDA was employed as a reactant due to the biocompatibility, high porosity, and hydrophilic property. The uniform size and shape of microdroplets are obtained in a single‐step process using microfluidic device. The size of microdroplets can be controlled through the changing continuous flow rate. The combination of microdroplet generation and chemical polymerization techniques provide unique environment to produce non‐toxic ways of fabricating microorganism‐encapsulated hydrogel microbeads. Due to these unique properties of micro‐sized hydrogel microbeads, the encapsulated <I>E. coli</I> can maintain viability inside of microbeads and green fluorescent protein (GFP) and red fluorescent protein (RFP) genes are efficiently expressed inside of microbeads after isopropyl‐<I>β</I>‐<SMALL>D</SMALL>‐thiogalactopyranoside induction, suggesting that there is no low‐molecular weight substrate transfer limitation inside of microbeads. Furthermore, non‐toxic, gentle, and outstanding biocompatibility of microbeads, the encapsulated <I>E. coli</I> can be used in various applications including biotransformation, biosensing, bioremediation, and engineering of artificial cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107:747–751. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</P>