소규모 하수처리를 위한 파일럿 규모 이중슬러지 KNR^® (Kwon's nutrient removal) 시스템의 영얌염류 제거성능 평가

안진영,권중천,김윤학,정유훈,김두언,유선호,김병우,An, Jin-Young,Kwon, Joong-Chun,Kim, Yun-Hak,Jeng, Yoo-Hoon,Kim, Doo-Eon,Ryu, Sun-Ho,Kim, Byung-Woo 한국청정기술학회 2006 청정기술 Vol.12 No.2

본 연구에서 소규모 하수고도처리를 위한 이중슬러지(Dual sludge) $KNR^{(R)}$ (Kwon's nutrient removal) 시스템이 개발되었다. $KNR^{(R)}$ 시스템은 부유성장식 탈질미생물과 부착성장식 질산화미생물을 분리시킨 이중슬러지 공정으로 최초침전조, 혐기조, 무산소조, 농축조의 복합기능을 수행하는 UMBR (Upflow multi-layer bioreactor)과 펠렛형 담체가 충진된 호기성 담체조로 구성되어 있다. 소규모 하수처리시 본 개발공정의 안정성과 처리성능을 평가하기 위해 처리용량 $50m^3/d$ 규모의 파일럿 플랜트를 고도처리 공정으로 개선공사 중인 처리용량 $50m^3/d$ 규모의 실제 소규모 마을하수처리장에 적용하였다. UMBR과 담체조의 체류시간은 각각 4.7 h와 7.2h이었으며, 반응조 수온은 $18.1{\sim}28.1^{\circ}C$이었다. 유입 하수량과 유입수의 BOD/N의 변동폭이 컸음에도 불구하고 파일럿 플랜트는 안정된 처리성능을 보였다. 전체 실험기간 중 처리수의 $COD_{cr}$, $COD_{Mn}$, $BOD_5$, TN, TP의 평균 농도는 11.0 mg/L, 8.8 mg/L, 4.2 mg/L, 3.5 mg/L, 9.8 mg/L, 0.87/0.17 mg/L (poly aluminium chloride(PAC) 투입/미투입)이었으며, 제거율을 각각 95.3%, 87.6%, 96.3%, 96.5%, 68.2%, 55.4/90.3% 이었다. 잉여슬러지 발생량은 $A_2O$와 Bardenpho 등과 같은 단일슬러지를 이용하는 고도처리공정과 비교시 약 1.9~3.8배 낮은 $0.026kg-DS/m^3$ and 0.220 kg-DS/kg-BOD로 나타났다. A simple dual sludge process, called as $KNR^{(R)}$ (Kwon's Nutrient Removal) system, was developed for small sewage treatment. It is a hybrid system that consists of an UMBR (Upflow multi-layer bioreactor) as anaerobic and anoxic reactor with suspended denitrifier and a post aerobic biofilm reactor, filled with pellet-like media, with attached nitrifier. To evaluate the stability and performance of this system for small sewage treatment, the pilot-scale $KNR^{(R)}$ plant with a treatment capacity of $50m^3/d$ was practically applied to the actual sewage treatment plant, which was under retrofit construction during pilot plant operation, with a capacity of $50m^3/d$ in a small rural community. The HRTs of a UMBR and a post aerobic biofilm reactor were about 4.7 h and 7.2 h, respectively. The temperature in the reactor varied from $18.1^{\circ}C$ to $28.1^{\circ}C$. The pilot plant showed stable performance even though the pilot plant had been the severe fluctuation of influent flow rate and BOD/N ratio. During a whole period of this study, average concentrations of $COD_{cr}$, $COD_{Mn}$, $BOD_5$, TN, and TP in the final effluent obtained from this system were 11.0 mg/L, 8.8 mg/L, 4.2 mg/L, 3.5 mg/L, 9.8 mg/L, and 0.87/0.17 mg/L (with/without poly aluminium chloride(PAC)), which corresponded to a removal efficiency of 95.3%, 87.6%, 96.3%, 96.5%, 68.2%, and 55.4/90.3%, respectively. Excess sludge production rates were $0.026kg-DS/m^3$-sewage and 0.220 kg-DS/kg-BOD lower 1.9 to 3.8 times than those in activated sludge based system such as $A_2O$ and Bardenpho.

벤처기업의 연구개발비와 기업가치에 관한 실증연구 : 첨단산업과 비첨단산업의 비교 compare high-technology firms to low-technology firms

권학중,이현철 한국세무회계학회 2004 세무회계연구 Vol.15 No.-

본 연구는 기업이 지속적인 성장을 하기 위해서 연구개발 투자나 또는 설비투자를 대폭 증진시켜 나가고 있는 시점에서 각 기업의 연구개발비가 당해 기업의 수익력을 예측할 수 있는 주요한 요인이 될 수 있는 지와 또한 벤처기업의 산업군별로 연구개발투자가 기업가치에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 말아보았다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 분석대상 표본기업은 코스닥 증권시장에 상장된 12월 말 결산법인으로서 2001년부터 2003년 회계기간 동안 연구개발비에 대한 재무제표자료를 공시한 기업으로 하였으며, 분석검증기간은 2001-2003년(3개년도)로 하였다. 본 연구의 연구결과는 첫째, 벤처기업에 있어서 첨단산업과 비첨단산업간에는 연구개발비율에 있어서 차이가 존재하며 둘째, 연구개발비율은 기업가치에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 선행연구의 경우에 있어서 일반기업의 경우에는 연구개발비의 투자가 당해연도 보다는 차기연도에 더 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나 본 연구의 결과는 당해연도에 더 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 기업의 연구개발투자에 있어서 자산화 처리되는 개발비와 비용화 처리되는 경상연구개발비로 나누어 이들이 기업가치에 미치는 영향에 대한연구도 의미가 있을 것으로 생각된다.

체외형 자동 제세동기(AED)와 심전도계(ECG)를 위한 통신 프로토콜의 설계 및 사용자 인터페이스 구현

김남훈,권희중,권호열,나학록 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2004 産業技術硏究 Vol.24 No.A

In this paper, we studied Automated External Defibrillator and Electro- Cardiogram System. Proposed System, CU-EX1, is a PC-based AED/ECG system that manages the data acquired by Paramedic CU-ER1. The system controls the transfer of data from the Paramedic CU-ER1 and the storage of the data in a local host computer. Patient data could be entered as soon as the rescue data is stored in a local computer. The system also displays the data on a local computer and facilitates review of rescue events.

소규모 하수처리를 위한 파일럿 규모 이중슬러지 KNR<SUP>Ⓡ</SUP>(Kwon's nutrient removal)시스템의 영얌염류 제거성능 평가

안진영(Jin-Young An),권중천(Joong-Chun Kwon),김윤학(Yun-Hak Kim),정유훈(Yoo-Hoon Jeng),김두언(Doo-Eon Kim),유선호(Sun-Ho Ryu),김병우(Byung-Woo Kim) 한국청정기술학회 2006 청정기술 Vol.12 No.2

Application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in Microspeaker Design Used in Mobile Phones

Joong-Hak Kwon,Sang-Moon Hwang,Chang-Min Lee,Kwang-Suk Kim,Gun-Yong Hwang IEEE 2009 IEEE transactions on magnetics Vol.45 No.10

<P>This paper proposes a technique for designing magnetic circuits for use in microspeakers, using the finite element method (FEM) and response surface methodology (RSM). RSM is a collection of statistical and mathematical techniques, used to find the best-fit representation of the response of the physical system under investigation. RSM was used to optimize the dimensions of the magnetic circuit. The optimization resulted in the following dimensions: an inner magnet radius (variable A) of 3.595 mm, a yoke thickness (variable B) of 0.4 mm, and a top plate thickness (variable C) of 0.25 mm.</P>

BLDC 전동기의 슬롯수가 소음에 미치는 영향

권중학(Kwon, Joong-Hak),김광석(Kim, Kwang-Suk),이창민(Lee, Chang-Min),황상문(Hwang, Sang-Moon) 한국소음진동공학회 2009 한국소음진동공학회 논문집 Vol.19 No.8

The goal of this study is to examine the effect of the number of slots on the noise from BLDC motors. To this end, the number of poles was fixed to 4 and the number of the slots was set to 6 or 24 before noise was measured. Motors having different numbers of slots showed clear differences in noise. Cogging torque, torque ripple and normal local force were interpreted, analyzed and compared to determine the reason for the differences. To determine the cause of the noise, cogging torque, torque ripple and normal local force were calculated, which are representative noise sources of BLDC motors, and FFT was performed to analyze their frequency components(harmonics). The results show that torque ripple and normal local force were the dominant factors in the noise difference between the 6-slot and 24-pole motors. As the number of the slots increased, the number of harmonics decreased and their amplitude of harmonic were reduced, which was attributed as the reason for the noise differences.

연성 효과를 고려한 마이크로스피커 왜율분석

권중학(Joong-Hak Kwon),김광석(Kwang-Suk Kim),방기창(Ki-Chang Bang),황상문(Sang-Moon Hwang) 한국소음진동공학회 2008 한국소음진동공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.4

연성 효과를 고려한 마이크로스피커 왜율분석

권중학(Kwon, Joong-Hak),김광석(Kim, Kwang-Suk),방기창(Bang, Ki-Chang),황상문(Hwang, Sang-Moon) 한국소음진동공학회 2008 한국소음진동공학회 논문집 Vol.18 No.4

With the advent of mobile phone, digital multimedia broadcasting(DMB) service is to be realized for multimedia data communication. For an acoustic part, a smaller and lighter microspeaker is also soon to be realized as an MP3 song player and a speakerphone. Sound quality in the microspeaker is becoming more important in mobile phones. It is evaluated by total harmonic distortion(THD). THD is the proportion of higher order frequencies output response to sinusoidal input signal. It is affected by uneven magnetic distribution and nonlinear response of diaphragm. In this paper, harmonic distortion is analyzed by considering magnetic and mechanical coupling effects. Simulated results of THD are compared with experimental data. Results show that THD in lower frequency range is higher due to high displace on voice coil and high mechanical response of high order frequency.

Inflammatory and Remodeling Events in Asthma with Chronic Exposure to House Dust Mites: A Murine Model

Joong Hyun Ahn,Chi Hong Kim,Yong Hyun Kim,Seung Joon Kim,Sook Young Lee,Young Kyoon Kim,Kwan Hyoung Kim,Hwa Sik Moon,Jeong Sup Song,Sung Hak Park,Soon Seog Kwon 대한의학회 2007 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.22 No.6

Although animal models with ovalbumin have been used to study chronic asthma, there are difficulties in inducing recurrence as well as in maintaining chronic inflammation in this system. Using a murine model of house dust mite (HDM)-induced bronchial asthma, we examined the airway remodeling process in response to the chronic exposure to HDM. During the seventh and twelfth weeks of study, HDM were inhaled through the nose for three consecutive days and airway responsiveness was measured. Twenty-four hours later, bronchoalveolar lavage and histological examination were performed. The degree of overproduction of mucus, subepithelial fibrosis, and the thickness of the peribronchial smooth muscle in the experimental group was clearly increased compared to the control group. In addition, HDM-exposed mice demonstrated severe airway hyperreactivity to methacholine. In the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, the number of total cells and eosinophils was increased; during the twelfth week, the number of neutrophils increased in the experimental group. With regard to changes in cytokines, the concentrations of IL-4, IL- 13, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF- ) were increased in the experimental group. The data suggest that eosinophils, IL-4, IL-13, and TGF- might play an important role in the airway remodeling process and that neutrophils may be involved with increased exposure time.

토마토 품종 구분을 위한 SNP 분자표지 개발

배중환(Joong-Hwan Bae),한양(Yang Han),정희진(Hee-Jin Jeong),권진경(Jin-Kyung Kwon),채영(Young Chae),최학순(Hak Soon Choi),강병철(Byoung-Cheorl Kang) 한국원예학회 2010 원예과학기술지 Vol.28 No.4

최근 들어 우리나라에서 토마토 소비가 급증하고 있으며 많은 토마토 품종이 시장에서 거래되고 있다. 그러나 토마토 품종육성에 이용되는 부모 계통의 유전적 다양성이 낮아 형태적인 특성에 의한 토마토 품종의 구분은 매우 어려운 현실이다. 이에 따라 토마토의 품종을 구별해 낼 수 있는 분자표지의 개발이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 SNP를 탐색하고 토마토 품종 구분을 위한 SNP 마커를 개발하였다. SNP분자표지는 고추 유전체 서열로부터 파생된 COS Ⅱ 분자표지와 인트론 기반 분자표지를 기반으로 선발되었으며, HRM분석을 통해 다형성을 테스트 하였다. 전체 628개의 프라이머 조합 가운데 PCR을 통해 크기가 500bp 이하의 단일 밴드가 증폭된 417개의 프라이머 조합을 선발하였다. 417개의 프라이머 조합을 이용해 4개의 토마토 계통을 대상으로 HRM 분석을 실시하였으며, 다형성을 보인 70개의 프라이머 조합을 선발하였다. 70개의 프라이머 조합을 이용하여 32개의 토마토 품종을 대상으로 HRM 분석을 실시하였다. HRM분석을 통해 총 11개의 SNP 분자표지가 선발되었으며, 이 분자표지를 이용해 시판중인 32개의 토마토 품종을 모두 구분할 수 있었다. The consumption of tomato has greatly increased recently in Korea, and a large number of tomato cultivars are commercially available in the market. However, identification of tomato cultivars by morphological traits is extremely difficult because of the narrow genetic diversity of breeding lines. Therefore, it is necessary to develop molecular markers for cultivar identification in tomato. In this study, we surveyed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and developed SNP marker sets for tomato cultivar identification. SNP markers were developed based on conserved ortholog set II (COSII) and intron-based markers derived from pepper EST sequences, and marker polymorphism was tested using high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. A total of 628 primer sets was tested, and 417 primer sets amplifying single bands were selected. Of the 417 primer sets, 70 primer sets showing HRM polymorphism among 4 inbred lines were selected. Eleven markers were selected from the 70 primer sets and subjected to cultivar identification analysis. Thirty two commercial tomato cultivars were successfully identified using the marker set.