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근로장려세제(EITC)가 단독가구의 노동공급에 미치는 효과 분석: 연령대별 효과를 중심으로
이정우,김두언,홍우형 국회예산정책처 2022 예산정책연구 Vol.11 No.3
The Korean government exacted 4 times sequential reforms on the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) by expanding the age requirement for single households. By applying a difference-in-differences (DID) method, we examine those effects of the reforms on labor supply of single households. Our results show the reforms were not effective in inducing labor supply at the extensive margin whereas there was a statistically significant positive effect at the intensive margin of working hours only in 50s and 30s. These results indicate that there were only limited effects of the reforms in terms of labor supply despite significant tax expenditures. In conclusion, our results imply that the current Korea EITC system for single households needs to be redesigned to be more fiscally efficient.
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The Innovation of the Korean Government's Online Civil Certification Issuance Service
최동준,김두언,김상봉 사단법인 한국신용카드학회 2020 신용카드리뷰 Vol.14 No.4
A 'non-face-to-face Service' is emphasized in the business activities and personal lives. This study reviewed the characteristics of each stage of development of civil certificates issuance and distribution of the Republic of Korea in the era of non-face-to-face service and derived implications for the acceptance of electronic documents. In December 2019, the Korean Government introduced a new paradigm for issuing certificates in electronic forms. In order to review each development stages and characteristics of issuance of government certificates in the Republic of Korea, the researchers reviewed academic researches, government disclosure materials related to Electronic Government and Digital Government. In particular, the study compared and analyzed the characteristics and differences of three methods of issuing non-face-to-face certificates(Kiosk Machine, Online Civil Certification Service and Electronic Certificates Issuance Application) and brought out prerequisites for the implementation of the Online Electronic Certificate Acceptance System. The Korean Government has continuously improved the administration services of issuing certificates. To avoid visiting several administrative offices, 'community service' centers were designated to issue the certificates, and the certificates could be issued 24 hours a day at kiosk machines or online government portal. Since the certificates were issued in paper form, most of the applications for various civil services and financial services that occurred after the certificate was issued, were mostly made in person or by post. Electronic Certificates are expected to drive non-face-to-face administrative services in the 'Digital Era' and 'With Corona Era'. Unlike paper documents, people can't receive Electronic Certificates directly, so the certificate receiving entity needs technical preparation. Organizations that receive various applications for such as civil service administration, finance, entrance examination, and recruitment should prepare for the forthcoming change of receiving method. A receiving organization should be able to receive government-issued Electronic Certificates as well as non-government-issued certificates, and also paper certificates in a transitional period. With electronic documents available 24 hours a day, the receiving entity needs to process applications received after working hours and may need to apply artificial intelligence in the field.
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생체적합성을 가진 천연고분자의 응용 및 기능성에 관한 연구
김태훈,김두언,성아영,Kim, Tae-Hun,Kim, Doo-Eon,Sung, A-Young 대한화학회 2009 대한화학회지 Vol.53 No.5
Chitosan, a natural polymer, has been importantly considered as biomedical materials due to its good biocompatibility and various bio-active characteristes. Water soluble chitosan was then copolymerized EGDMA(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate; used as a cross-linking agent for the free-radical copolymerization), MMA (methylmethacrylate), MA (methacrylic acid) in the presence of AIBN (azobisisobutyronitrile) as a radical initiator. The water content and visible transmissibility, ultimate strength of copolymerized ophthalmic polymer were measured to be 24$\sim$59%, 88$\sim$89% and 0.1$\sim$2.4 Kgf, respectively. And also, we tested for antimicrobial activities against staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. They showed that in case of antimicrobial activities, the values including chitosan were much higher than that of the polymers of no including chitosan, suggesting that the copolymer can be used as a novel ophthalmic material of high performance. 천연고분자물질인 키토산은 생체적합성과 생체활성이 좋은 특성을 가지고 있기 때문에 생체 의료용 재료로 중요하게 다루어지고 있다. 본 연구는 수용성 키토산을 교차결합제인 EGDMA (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)와 HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), MMA (methylmethacrylate), MA (methacrylic Acid) 그리고 개시제인 AIBN을 사용하여 공중합 하였다. 공중합한 안의료용 재료의 물리적 특성을 측 정한 결과 함수율 24$\sim$59%, 가시광선 투과율 88$\sim$89%, 인장강도 0.1$\sim$2.4 Kgf를 나타내었다. 또한 포도 상구균, 녹농균에 대한 항균성 시험 결과 키토산을 포함하지 않은 고분자에 비해 높은 항균성을 나타내 어 향후 이 공중합체가 고기능성을 가진 안의료용 재료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
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소규모 하수처리를 위한 파일럿 규모 이중슬러지 KNR<sup>®</sup> (Kwon's nutrient removal) 시스템의 영얌염류 제거성능 평가
안진영,권중천,김윤학,정유훈,김두언,유선호,김병우,An, Jin-Young,Kwon, Joong-Chun,Kim, Yun-Hak,Jeng, Yoo-Hoon,Kim, Doo-Eon,Ryu, Sun-Ho,Kim, Byung-Woo 한국청정기술학회 2006 청정기술 Vol.12 No.2
본 연구에서 소규모 하수고도처리를 위한 이중슬러지(Dual sludge) $KNR^{(R)}$ (Kwon's nutrient removal) 시스템이 개발되었다. $KNR^{(R)}$ 시스템은 부유성장식 탈질미생물과 부착성장식 질산화미생물을 분리시킨 이중슬러지 공정으로 최초침전조, 혐기조, 무산소조, 농축조의 복합기능을 수행하는 UMBR (Upflow multi-layer bioreactor)과 펠렛형 담체가 충진된 호기성 담체조로 구성되어 있다. 소규모 하수처리시 본 개발공정의 안정성과 처리성능을 평가하기 위해 처리용량 $50m^3/d$ 규모의 파일럿 플랜트를 고도처리 공정으로 개선공사 중인 처리용량 $50m^3/d$ 규모의 실제 소규모 마을하수처리장에 적용하였다. UMBR과 담체조의 체류시간은 각각 4.7 h와 7.2h이었으며, 반응조 수온은 $18.1{\sim}28.1^{\circ}C$이었다. 유입 하수량과 유입수의 BOD/N의 변동폭이 컸음에도 불구하고 파일럿 플랜트는 안정된 처리성능을 보였다. 전체 실험기간 중 처리수의 $COD_{cr}$, $COD_{Mn}$, $BOD_5$, TN, TP의 평균 농도는 11.0 mg/L, 8.8 mg/L, 4.2 mg/L, 3.5 mg/L, 9.8 mg/L, 0.87/0.17 mg/L (poly aluminium chloride(PAC) 투입/미투입)이었으며, 제거율을 각각 95.3%, 87.6%, 96.3%, 96.5%, 68.2%, 55.4/90.3% 이었다. 잉여슬러지 발생량은 $A_2O$와 Bardenpho 등과 같은 단일슬러지를 이용하는 고도처리공정과 비교시 약 1.9~3.8배 낮은 $0.026kg-DS/m^3$ and 0.220 kg-DS/kg-BOD로 나타났다. A simple dual sludge process, called as $KNR^{(R)}$ (Kwon's Nutrient Removal) system, was developed for small sewage treatment. It is a hybrid system that consists of an UMBR (Upflow multi-layer bioreactor) as anaerobic and anoxic reactor with suspended denitrifier and a post aerobic biofilm reactor, filled with pellet-like media, with attached nitrifier. To evaluate the stability and performance of this system for small sewage treatment, the pilot-scale $KNR^{(R)}$ plant with a treatment capacity of $50m^3/d$ was practically applied to the actual sewage treatment plant, which was under retrofit construction during pilot plant operation, with a capacity of $50m^3/d$ in a small rural community. The HRTs of a UMBR and a post aerobic biofilm reactor were about 4.7 h and 7.2 h, respectively. The temperature in the reactor varied from $18.1^{\circ}C$ to $28.1^{\circ}C$. The pilot plant showed stable performance even though the pilot plant had been the severe fluctuation of influent flow rate and BOD/N ratio. During a whole period of this study, average concentrations of $COD_{cr}$, $COD_{Mn}$, $BOD_5$, TN, and TP in the final effluent obtained from this system were 11.0 mg/L, 8.8 mg/L, 4.2 mg/L, 3.5 mg/L, 9.8 mg/L, and 0.87/0.17 mg/L (with/without poly aluminium chloride(PAC)), which corresponded to a removal efficiency of 95.3%, 87.6%, 96.3%, 96.5%, 68.2%, and 55.4/90.3%, respectively. Excess sludge production rates were $0.026kg-DS/m^3$-sewage and 0.220 kg-DS/kg-BOD lower 1.9 to 3.8 times than those in activated sludge based system such as $A_2O$ and Bardenpho.
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휴대성과 안전을 고려한 개인 이동 수단용 접이식 헬멧 개발
이인수(In Su Lee),김두언(Dueon Kim),이상운(Sangwoon Lee),홍하은(Ha Eun Hong),심재호(Jaeho Shim),박상인(Sang-in Park) 대한기계학회 2023 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2023 No.11
The rapid expansion of Personal Mobility (PM) devices, such as electric scooters, bicycles, and segways, has led to a concerning trend of non-compliance with helmet usage among riders. To address this issue, we present a noble foldable helmet design that encourages users to wear helmets, providing enhanced convenience. To develop the design, we focus on three technical and aesthetic features: cellular material, foldability, and manufacturability. Cellular material, such as lattice structures and triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures shows exceptional shock absorbing capability. Thus, it provides structural functionality for PM helmets. Moreover, it significantly reduces the helmet’s weight while simultaneously enhancing airflow, thereby greatly improving comfort during wear. Foldability ensures portability, allowing users to carry the helmet without any effort when not in active use. The additive manufacturing (AM) enables to fabricate complex shapes, such as TPMS-based inner cushion in the proposed design. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the entire design process, including material selection, modeling procedure and manufacturing technique. We employed the finite element analysis to validate safety of the proposed design. We also present communication methodology through the design process among mechanical engineers and industrial designers.
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지능형 수동 변속기 제어용 2페달 구동인터페이스 시스템 개발
송창현(Changhyeon Song),조은수(Eansoo Cho),홍종호(Jongho Hong),김은식(Eunsik Kim),김두언(Dueon Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2021 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.6
Environmental issues are emerging and fuel efficiency regulations in the auto industry are becoming aggressive day by day. Hyundai motor company have developed iMT(Intelligent Manual Transmission) technology to improve fuel efficiency. iMT is a technology that changes the conventional hydraulic clutch control to electronic control, and automatically shuts off engine power during coasting, improving fuel efficiency by up to 5%. However, due to the same driveline interface configuration as the conventional manual transmission, driver operation is still inconvenient. In this paper, we propose a two pedal driveline interface system that improves driver convenience by removing electronic clutch pedal from previous iMT vehicles. Instead of electronic clutch pedal, shift lever(iMT lever) detects the driver’s intention to shift and transmits clutch control signals to enable manual vehicle shift without clutch pedals.
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