Clinical Significance of Classification of Graves` Disease According to the Characteristics of TSH receptor Antibodies

(Won Bae Kim),(Hyun Kyung Chung),(Young Joo Park),(Do Joon Park),(Hong Kyu Lee),(Bo Youn Cho) 대한내과학회 2001 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.16 No.3

N/A Background:It has been widely accepted that the epitope (s) and/or functional characteristics of thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TSHRAb) from Graves` patients are heterogenous among patients. However, the clinical significance of such heterogeneity has not been systematically evaluatedyet. We were to elucidate and find the clinical significance of heterogeneity for TSH receptor antibodies in Graves` disease. Methods:We measured stimulating TSHRAb (TSAb) activities using CHO-hTSHR cells, FRTL-5 cells and chimeric receptor expressing cells (Mc1+2 and Mc2), specific blocking TSHRAb (TSBAb) activities using Mc2 cells and TBII activities using porcine thyroid membrane in 136 patients with untreated hyperthyroid Graves` disease. Results: Based on various TSHRAb activities from each patient, the patients could be categorized into 7 subgroups by cluster analysis; 1) Group 1 (n=41) was characterized by moderate TSAb activities bothin CHO-hTSHR cells and in FRTL-5 cells, typical TSAb epitope, rare blocking antibodies and high TBII activities. 2) Group 2 (n=16) was characterized by the presence of blocking TSHRAb in most patients, albeit the other characteristics were the same as those in Group 1. 3) Group 3 (n=19) patients had low TSAb activities bothin CHO-hTSHR cells and in FRTL-5 cells, seldom had blocking TSHRAb, but they had high TBII activities. 4) Group 4 (n=30) could be categorized as `mild disease` group, as they had low activities in all kinds of TSHRAb assay and had low antim icrosomal antibody activities. 5) Group 5 (n=14) was characterized by moderate TSAb activities with atypical epitope (s), rare blocking TSHRAb and moderate TBII activities. 6) Group 6 (n=10) patients had veryhigh TSAb activities with typical epitopes, seldom blocking TSHRAb and low TBII activities. 7) Group 7 (n=6) was characterized by very high TSAb activities with atypical epitopes and high TBII activities. Pretreatment serum thyroid hormone level was low only in group 4 patients compared to the other 6 groups (p<0.05). The size of goiter was significantly larger in those in group 1 and group 3 (p<0.05) compared to the other 5 groups. The prevalence of clinically significant ophthalmopathy was higher in group 2 patients than the other 6 groups (50%vs.27.5%,p=0.06). Among 6 kinds of TSHRAb activities, only the blocking TSHRAb activity was significantly associated with the presence of ophthalmopathy in multivariate analysis. Conclusion:These results suggest that the differences inepitopes for TSAb or the presence of blocking TSHRAb is not a major factor in determining the degree of thyrotoxicosis in Graves` disease. Although the pathogenic mechanism is not clearyet, we suggest that patients with ophthalmopathy have different TSHRAb repertoire from those without ophthalmopathy in Graves` disease.

住居密度가 住宅價格에 미치는 影響에 관한 硏究

조주현 建國大學校 社會科學硏究所 1998 社會科學論叢 Vol.3 No.-

The major purpose of this paper is to measure the magnitude and significance of the impact of housing density on housing price. In order to pursue this objective, we employ hedonic model using Seoul apartment data. Through regression analysis, we found following facts: 1)Housing density represented by floor area ratio has a significant impact on reduction in housing price. 2)This trend becomes stronger year after year. 3)However, during those years of 1990 and 1992, this trend is less persuasive. 4)The causes of this weak relationship in these years might be downturn of overall housing market and the changes in regulations on housing density, which in turn, lower the level of expectation in capital gains on housing.

不動産 開發商圈 推定의 合理化 方案硏究

曺周鉉 建國大學校 社會科學硏究所 1996 社會科學論叢 Vol.1 No.-

The major purpose of this paper is to introduce theories of location and allocation of retail stores in relation to the consumer behavior of store choice. These theories are then applied to various situations of store location. Also, current status of art in estimation of trade area in Korea is presented and analyzed in relation to the advanced theories and techniques. Finally, public regulaions on store location in apartment complexes are critically reviewed. In the theoretical part, we formally specifies the relationship between shopping frequency and hierarchy of goods and stores. This theory can explain most of the competition and location among retail stores. However, this classical theory can not explain the joint purchase behavior nd location of shopping centers. Shopping center attraction model may be an alternative for this situation if certain parameter values are given. On the technical side, three approaches can be adopted depending on the type of stores: Spatial Monopoly, Market Penetration, and Dispersed Market Approach. As the variation of costs and required expertise is wide even in one approach, great care should be given when we apply those techniques in estimation. In the empirical study, we found that many studies in Korea are misusing and/or abusing the techniques and unit data developed in advanced countries. Also found is the underutilization of existing studies that show whole spectrum of variation of market data in Korea. Current regulations on retail locations are also truned out to be irrelevant in view of the structural changes in retail market.

제주 지역의 B형 간염 바이러스 유전자형

조지현,박도심,김태현,염주진,김학철,문주현,양재식 대한간학회 2004 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.10 No.1

목적: HBV 감염이 무증상의 자연 회복부터 간경변 혹은 간세포성 간암까지 다양하게 나타나는 요인들로 숙주의 요인과 바이러스의 요인으로 구분되어 제시되는데, 바이러스 요인으로는 감염된 바이러스이 유형이나 염기 변이들이 논의된다. HBV 유형을 구분하는 데는 혈청형과 유전자형이 이용되는데 근자에는 주로 유전자형이 이용된다. 이러한 HBV의 분포는 지역적으로 다르나 지역에 따라서 다른 유형들이 혼재되어 있다. 동남아시아는 B형이지만 극동아시아는 C형으로 알려져 있으며, 대만과 오키나와에서는 B와 C형이 혼재되어 나타난다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 보아 우리 나라의 남부지역에서는 B과 C형이 혼재되어 있을 가능성이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 제주 지역에서 HBV의 유전자형을 조사하고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 원적지가 제주도이면사, HBsAg가 양성이었던 107명(평균 연령: 46.5세)을 대상으로 하였다. 이들의 혈청으로부터 HBsAg/antiHBe를 분석하고, DNA를 추출하여 7개의 유전자형에 따라 특이성을 갖는 시발체(genotype specific primer)들을 이용하여 PCR로 증폭한 후 이를 분석하였다. 주된 유전자형의 일부와 다른 유형에서 증폭에 이용되었던 시발체를 다르게 이용하여 hemi nested PCR로 증폭한 후 염기를 분석하여 계통발생학적 분석법을 이용하였다. 결과: 1. PCR에 의한 HBV DNA 양성은 107명 중 59명(55.1%)이 양성이었다. HBeAg/anti HBe의 발현 양태에 따라 음성/음성에서 2명(66.7%), 음성/양성에서 30명(41.1%), 양성/음성에서 24명(85.7%), 양성/양성에서는 3명(100%)에서 증폭되었다. 2. Multiplex PCR에서는 58명의 유전자형이 C형, 1명에서는 B형과 C형이 동반 출현하였다. 3. Genotype specific primer를 이용하여 각각 따로 PCR을 시행한 경우에 A형에 의하여 증폭된 예가 1예, B형에 의하여 증폭된 예가 1예, C형에 의하여 증폭된 예가 59예로 A형과 B형 모두가 C형에서 증폭된 예였다. 4. 한 쌍의 시발체에 의하여 증폭되었던 A형과 B형 및 C형의 일부에서 염기를 분석한 결과 모두 C 유전자형이었다. 결론: HBsAg이 양성인 제주 지역 주민의 HBV의 유전자형은 C형일 것으로 생각된다. Background/Aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was classified into 8 genotypes by a sequence divergence in the entire genome designated from A o H. HBV genotypes have distinct geographic distributions. Recently, HBV genotypes have been partially found as influencing the clinical manifestation of chronic liver disease in hosts. In Korea, the distribution of HBV genotypes remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the HBV genotype on Jeju Island. Methods: Hepatitis B virus genotypes were evaluated among 107 hepatitis B carriers residing on Jeju Island. We used single PCR and multiplex-PCR assay with genotype-specific primer pairs for HBV genotypes A-F for the genotyping. Results: 1. Fifty nine samples (55%) were positive for HBV DNA. The positivity was different according to the pattern of HBeAg/anti-HBe expression, as -/-; 2/3 (66.7%), -/+; 30/73 (30%), +/-; 24/28 (85.7%) and +/+; 3/3 (100%). 2. In the single primer set of genotype-specific PCR, 59 samples (100%) were detected as genotype C and 2 (3%) were also detected as genotype A and B. 3. In multiplex-PCR, 58 samples (98%) were detected as genotype C and only one (2%) as a mixed pattern of genotype B and C. 4. When the PCR products were amplified with universal sense and genotype specific anti-sense from one genotype A, one B, and 2 C, all were included in genotype C. Conclusions: These results suggest that on Juju Island, almost all HBV genotypes are C.(Korean J Hepatol 2004;10:42-50)

國·公有地 管理體系에 관한 國際比較

조주현 건국대학교 1997 政治論叢 Vol.32 No.-

土地開發에 있어서 民間活力의 導入

曺周鉉 건국대학교 행정대학원 1993 建國大學校 行政大學院 硏究論叢 Vol.21 No.-

기능상실한 이식신의 절제

조원현,남창우,김천일,주일,박성배,김현철 大韓移植學會 1994 Korean Journal of Transplantation Vol.8 No.1

再開發ㆍ再建築 事業推進上의 問題點과 改善方案에 관한 硏究

曺周鉉 건국대학교 1995 學術誌 Vol.39 No.1

Urban redevelopment and Housing Reconstruction projects become a profitable business in large cities in Korea as large-scale developable land is getting scarce. Those projects are evaluated and compared with each other in terms of housing supply effect change in population and household density, and financial structure. Also major factors that the success of the projects are identified as construction period, reallocation ratio, and the ratio of public land. Major problems in the process of urban housing redevelopment projects are ; 1) vagueness of the designation criteria of redevelopment area, 2) city government's guidelines that conflict with law and ordinance, 3) serious dependency on market force, 4) corruption in the process of contractor selection, 5) illegal trade of housing rights, and 6) adverse effect on tenants' housing status. As for the apartment reconstruction projects, the whole process is controlled only in view of physical aspects. And negligence of maintenance is serious when reconstruction is expected. Several policy directions are recommended as follow : First more extensive public intervention is needed. In particular, technical and financial assistance, comprehensive redevelopment plans, and continuous monitoring systems are urgent. Second, the designation criteria of redevelopment area should include the socio-economic characteristics of residents as well as physical state of housing. Third urban redevelopment and reconstruction policies should be integrated and coordinated with general housing urban, and social welfare policies. Finally, diverse redevelopment methods should be adopted in consideration of the variations in the topography, physical rotate of housing and housing land, and the specific needs of the residents.

장기간 댄스스포츠가 혈중 지질 및 효소 활성도에 미치는 영향

조현철,김준희,한주희 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1999 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study was to assay effect on blood lipid and ezyme activity during 20 weeks of dance sport and acute exercise. Ten females participated in dance sport program(90min./day. 2day/week) for 20 weeks. The results were obtained as follow : 1. CHOL and TG were decreased during dance sport program but no significant, also no significant between before exercise and after. 2. Amylase, Lipase, GGT and LDH were slightly increased during dance sport program but no significant, however, GOT was significantly(p<.05) increased between after 10 weeks and after 20 weeks. Also, LDH was significantly(p<.05) increased before exercise and after 10 weeks only in acute exercise variance. Conclusively, it is showed that CHOL and TG were decreased and enzyme activity was increased induced 20 weeks of dance sport program and acute exercise. It is suggested that dance could be serviceable effectively not only leisure but also good for health.

양극성 정동장애와 혈청 Inositol-1-phosphatase 활성도 변화

조현주,김영철,우행원,연규월,조기승 대한생물치료정신의학회 1998 생물치료정신의학 Vol.4 No.2

Objects : Several lines of possibilites have been oroposed about the etiology of bipolar attective disorder in biological, genetic and psychosocial aspect. The purpose of this study is to inspect the etiology of bipolar affective disorder in biological aspect by measuring the changes of serum inositol-1-phosphatase activity and investing a causal relationship between clinical symptoms and serum inositol-1-phosphatase activities in patients with bipolar affective disorder. Methods : The subjects were 18 inpatients who met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for bipolar I affective disorder, manic episode and 15 normal controls. Inositol-1-phosphatase activities were measured in serum by using spectrophotometer. Clinical symptoms of patients were assessed by YMRS at admission day and after 2 weeks lithium treatment. Results : 1) Inositol-1-phosphatase activities of the patients were increased to about 2 times as compared with those of normal controls. And the activity levels were decreased gradually to the normal at 14 days. 2) Young's Mania Rating Scale(YMRS) scores were decreased significantly by lithium treatment. 3) Statistical significance could not be found between the change of YMRS scores and the levels of inositol-1-phosphatase activity. Conclusion : In this study, statistical significance could not be found between clinical improvement and inositol-1-phosphatase activities, but the fact that lithium treatment improve the clinical manifestation shown by YMRS score changes, and reverse the increased inositol-1-phosphatase activities suggests the strong association between pathophysiology of bipolar affective disorders and inositide metabolism.