유아 교육과정 구성에서 DAP의 재개념화를 위한 예비적 탐색

황윤세,강현석 한국교육과정학회 2003 교육과정연구 Vol.21 No.2

유아교육과정의 변화는 궁극적으로 세계를 보는 인간을 보는 시각의 변화에서 시작된다고 볼 수 있다. 유아교육과정에서 현재 지배적인 논의에 대한 탐구를 통해 현실을 이해하고 반성적 과정을 통해 우리가 갖는 문제의 본질과 성격을 진단하며 유아교육과정 구성에 대한 구체적 지식의 확보 문제가 중요한 과제로 등장하고 있다. 현재 유아교육에서 지배적으로 논의되고 있는 ‘발달에 적합한 실제(DAP)’는 많은 긍정적 측면이 있는 동시에 다양한 경로를 통해 비판이 제기되고 있는 실정이다. 이 DAP의 한계에 대한 비판은 유아교육과정 영역에서 그 기준으로 발달 적절성이 적용되어 문제의 해명에 큰 기여를 해오고 있다. 발달 적절성의 무분별한 적용은 오히려 교육과정의 이론과 실제에 혼란을 가져다 줄 수도 있다. 본 연구는 발달에 적합한 실제를 보다 면밀히 이해하고 교육과정에서 보다 타당한 적용을 위해 반성적 입장에서 주목해야 할 문제를 검토해 본 것이다 외국에서 다양하게 논의되는 유아교육프로그램을 단순히 차입하여 적용해보는 이로다 중요한 것은 우리의 사회 · 문화적 실제를 반성하고 더 나아가 유아교육과정의 이론적 토대를 구축하는 것이다. The approach for childhood education has done in a point of view of phenomenology, analytics or post-modernism deviating from childhood education research of the modernism point of view that can be explained in a science, rationality, objectivity, absoluteness, and universality. The characteristic of the representative model for the early childhood curriculum is lied on the base of the postmodernism thought that pursues a relativity or subjective understanding, on the other hand, denies an absoluteness or objectivity. The changes of the early childhood curriculum is developing with a various ways. Recently, the one of the most active discuss is a DAP approach, which take an important role not only in Korea but also all of the world. The core concept of DAP is the development appropriate. This study re-conceptualizes DAP in an aspect of the construction of the early childhood curriculum and examines the development appropriate. DAP makes the kernel of a rationale as the base of re-conceptualization. Furthermore, this study examines the appropriate of DAP in an aspect of the construction of the early childhood curriculum. The problem of the former focuses on the definition of the terms, and the problem of the latter focuses on the goal-establishment, the choice of the content, and the problem of the teacher's role. That is, at first, this study examines "The Age Propriety and The Individual Propriety: the two dimensions on the development appropriate", which are the core issue and term. Secondly, this study re-conceptualizes on the teacher's role as the determiner about the intention and the problem that teacher utilizes the appropriate or inappropriate practice on the criterion for the construction of the early childhood curriculum. Therefore, for establishing the re-conceptualization base of DAP, this study analyzes the characteristic of DAP in the early childhood curriculum. According to this established base, this study examines the appropriateness of DAP, and then tests the re-conceptualization of DAP. The re-conceptualization does in three parts: the concept of DAP, the problem of constructing the early childhood curriculum, and the problem of teacher's role. According to the result, this study makes a proposal on the direction of the understanding and the study of the early childhood curriculum. In conclusion, DAP is the one of the various factors that consist of the early childhood curriculum, and DAP itself is not the absolute standards. The concept of the development-appropriateness, one of the DAP concept, will be developed in the enlarging and merging direction that social-cultural factors and contents can be considered. Teachers will have to increase their thinking power and analyzing power, but just concentrate on the developed knowledge.

韓國人에서 重合酵素反應으로 檢索되는 COL2A1 遺傳座位의 對立遺傳子 頻度

黃迪駿,明賢君,李羲碩,郭明宰 大韓法醫學會 1994 대한법의학회지 Vol.18 No.2

With the human genomic DNAs obtained from 128 unrelated Korean, the VNTR region 3' to the collagen type Ⅱ gene(COL2A1) was amplified in vitro by the polymerase chain reaction(PCR), and separated by 3% agarose(2% Nusieve and 1% Seakem) and 4% polyacrylamide gel' and analyzed to get the population genetic data for COL2A1 VNTR allele such as allele and genotype frequencies, and hetrozygosity were calculated based on the amplified fragments length polymorphism(AMP-FLP). 1. In 128 unrdlated Korean, 4 allelic variants(K2, K3, K4, and K5) at COL2A1 VNTR locus are observed, but K1 allele which was also observed in other study was not. 2. The observed allele frequencies for K4, K5, k3 and k2 are 0.519, 0.383, 0.094 and 0.008, respectively. 3. Of 10 possible genotypes, only 4 heterozygous genotypes(K5/K4, K5/K3, k4/K3, K4/K2) and 2 homozygous genotypes(K5/K5, K4/K4) are observed. However, the observed numgers of homozygous and heterozygous genotypes(46 and 82, respectively) are not significatly different from their expectations, 53.3 and 74.7. 4. The observed genotype frequencies are ordered as K5/K4(0.445), K4/K4(0,242), K5/K5(0.117), K5/K3(0.086) and K4/K2(0.086), which are in accordance with the Hardy-weinberg prediction based on the observed allele frequencies. 5. The overall heterozygosity at this locus is 0.563, while its expectation based on the allele frequencies is 0.584

유치원의 기본생활교육 내용분석을 통한 교육과정 통합화 방안 탐구

강현석,황윤세 한국영유아보육학회 2004 한국영유아보육학 Vol.0 No.39

유아교육에서 기본생활교육의 중요성에 대한 인식이 증가하고 있고 아울러 현대사회에서는 기본생활교육을 비롯한 가정의 역할을 유아교육기관에서 일부 담당하는 추세이다. 본 연구에서는 유치원 교육과정에서의 기본생활교육과 관련된 ‘유치원 교육 활동 지도 자료집’분석을 통해 유치원 교육과정에서의 기본생활교육을 통합하기 위한 근거를 마련하고자 한다. 유치원 교육 활동 지도 자료집에 나타난 기본생활교육 내용은 다음과 같은 경향을 보였다. 연간교육계획에서 기본생활교육은 주제별 편중 현상이 심하게 나타났으며, 영역별로는 건강생활영역, 사회생활영역, 언어생활영역, 표현생활영역, 탐구생활영역의 순으로 나타났다. 또한 기본생활영역의 덕목별 비중은 예절과 청결이 비슷한 비중을 차지하고 있었으며, 절 제, 질서 순이었다. 기본생활교육은 하루일과에서 집단 활동과 자유선택활동이 약간의 차이는 있는 정도로 활동이 계획되어 있었다. 이러한 분석 결과, 기본생활교육의 내용은 자체가 가지는 특수성으로 인해 교육과정의 특정 영역에 치우치고 있으나, 이를 교육의 실제로 옮기기 위해서는 유아교육과정 운영의 주요한 원리인 통합의 원리를 따라야 할 것으로 판단되며, 그 구체적인 방안으로는 생활주제별 통합과 프로젝트접근법을 제안하였다. This study intends to analyze a precedent study related with basic social education in early childhood curriculum and raise problems about it. Through this process, First, I mean to set up a basis to integrate basic social education in early childhood curriculum, To do this, I analyzed how basic social education was conducted through guide book of early childhood curriculum. Second, on the basis of these analyses, I mean to suggest a educational practice. This is to do integral management about basic social education in early childhood curriculum. Basic social education in guidebook of early childhood curriculum was analyzed as follows. First, basic social education was not planned regularly in annual educational plan. Second, the result of domain analysis about basic social education was that health, social, language, expressive life, and exploration life domain were arranged in sequence. Items of basic social education were made up of manners 32%, cleanness 30%, temperance 22%, order 16%. Basic social education was planned 55% through group activity, 45% through free play in daily life. As a result of these analyses, education of basic social education was titled to specific domain because of the distinct attribute of the education itself. It is necessary to follow integral principle, a major one of early childhood curriculum to make these mentioned above a educational practice. Thanks to need of integral approach, integral approach about basic social education consists of two aspects. One is approach to integrate contents about basic social education by thematic approach. The other is project approach. Thus, first, contents about education of fundamental habits was planned according to unit in annual educational plan. Second, basic social education was integrated to daily life. Third, basic social education was integrated according to domain. Finally, basic social education was attempted through thematic approach and project approach.

안면비대칭 3차원 CT 분석

윤숙자,임회정,강병철,황현식 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2007 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.36 No.1

Purpose : This study aimed to identify the range of normal facial asymmetry using three-dimensional CT and to develop a simple method of diagnosis of facial asymmetry. Materials and Methods : Twenty eight adults with normal occlusion (16 males and 12 females; mean age 24 years and I month) were selected, whose faces were assessed to be symmetric by an orthodontist. Three-dimensional reconstructions were obtained utilizing spiral CT scans and an oral and maxillofacial radiologist, evaluated nineteen anatomic landmarks in three-dimensional coordinates. Facial asymmetry index of each landmark was caluculated. Results : The range of normal facial asymmetry of each landmark was identified using mean and standard deviation of facial asymmetry index. Conclusions : The range of normal facial asymmetry identified in this study may be used as a diagnostic standard for facial asymmetry analysis. (Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2007; 37: 45-51)

고정식 교정 환자에서 전동치솔 효과에 관한 연구

박창헌,황현식,이기헌,홍석진 대한치과교정학회 2004 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.34 No.4

고정식 교정장치를 부착한 경우 장치주위의 치태 축적 가능성이 증가되고 이로 인해 치은염, 법랑질 탈회 등의 부작용이 초래 될 수 있는 바 치태 제거를 위한 효과적인 치솔질이 필요하다. 본 연구는 교정환자에서 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 치솔에 비하여 전동치솔이 구강위생에 도움이 되는지 알아보기 위하여 시행되었다. 고정식 장치에 의한 교정치료 예정인 환자 34명을 본 연구의 대상으로 하여 고정식 교정장치 부착 전에 치태지수, 치은염지수, 치은출혈지수를 측정하였다. 장치 부착 4주 후에 각 지수를 측정한 다음, 연구대상을 치솔의 종류에 따라 전동치솔군과 수동치솔군으로 임의 구분하여 수동치솔 또는 전동치솔을 사용하도록 구강위생교육을 각각 시행하였다. 이때 전동치솔의 경우 본체는 Braun Oral-B D9511을 브러쉬 헤드는 Braun Oral-B Ortho OD 15-1을 사용하게 하였으며, 수동치솔의 경우는 Butler G.U.M 124를 사용하게 하였다. 구강위생교육 4주 및 8주 후에 각 지수를 측정한 다음 시간 경과에 따른 전동치솔군과 수동치솔군의 구강위생 상태를 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 고정식 교정장치 부착 4주 후 치태지수, 치은염지수, 치은출혈지수 모두 증가 양상을 나타내었다. 2. 구강위생교육 후 치태지수, 치은염지수, 치은출혈지수 모두 감소 양상을 나타내었다. 3. 치은염지수, 치은출혈지수의 경우 감소양상이 수동치솔과 전동치솔군 간의 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 4. 치태지수의 경우 수동치솔에 비해 전동치솔군에서 감소효과가 유의하게 크게 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과는 고정식 교정장치로 치료받는 환자에서 전동치솔이 구강위생에 도움이 됨을 시사하였다. Patients with fixed orthodontic appliances frequently have increased levels of plaque accumulation leading to the possibility of gingivitis or enamel decalcification. Although many methods may be helpful in reducing dental plaque formation, the optimal mechanical removal of plaque is the most important factor during orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an electric toothbrush (with a specially designed orthodontic brush head) compared to a manual toothbrush in controlling plaque and gingivitis for patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Oral hygiene status was measured in thirty-four patients using a plaque index, a gingival index and a bleeding index, before and four weeks after the attachment of fixed orthodontic appliances. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: electric and manual toothbrush groups. Oral hygiene instruction was given according to the type of toothbrush used. The Braun Oral-B D9511 with Braun Oral-B Ortho OD 15-1 brush head was used as the electric toothbrush while the Butler G.U.M. 124 was given as the manual toothbrush. After four and eight weeks, oral hygiene status was measured again. Through a comparison between the electric and the manual toothbrush groups, the following results were obtained. 1. All oral hygiene indices showed an increasing tendency after four weeks of fixed orthodontic appliance. 2. All indices presented a decreasing tendency four and eight weeks after oral hygiene instruction. 3. In case of the gingival index and bleeding index, the decreasing tendency did not show a statistically significant difference between the electric and the manual toothbrush groups. 4. The decreasing tendency of plaque index presented a statistically significant difference between the two groups, showing that the electric toothbrush was more effective in terms of oral hygiene. These findings suggest that an electric toothbrush is useful to orthodontic patients with fixed appliances.

브라켓 부착시 실런트 레진이 법랑질 탈회에 미치는 영향

윤영아,이기헌,황현식,홍석진 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2002 구강과학 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a sealant resin on enamel demineralization in orthodontic bracket bonding. The forty eight extracted sound bovine teeth was subdivided into four groups and treated with Phase Ⅱ^(r) on the surface. Group 1 was not treated, Group 2 was acid etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds, Group 3 was sealant applied after acid etching and Group 4 was resin paste applied after acid etching and sealant application. Each group was demineralized in artificial caries solution. Demineralized enamel depth was measured using by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results were as follows. 1. The mean demineralized enamel depth was Group 1 (47.4㎛), Group 2 (61.8㎛), Group 3 (13.9㎛), Group 4 (8.2㎛). 2. The demineralized enamel depth was increased in Group 2 than Group 1 (p<0.05). 3. The demineralized enamel depth was reduced in Group 3 than Group1 and Group 2 with statistically significant differences (p<0.05). 4. Group 4 was very little demineralized. The results of the present study indicate that sealant application is useful for reducting enamel demineralization in orthodontic bracket bonding.

측모두부방사선사진과 측면얼굴사진 중첩 시 적합도에 관한 연구

박지영,이기헌,황현식,이종석 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2003 구강과학 Vol.15 No.3

The purpose of this study was to compare the geometric displacement between the lateral cephalometric radiograph and photograph. For the present study, 52 subjects with Angle Class I occlusion and no severe skeletal discrepancy were selected. The Head Posture Aligner and the standardized camera set up were adopted to obtain photographs and radiographs in a standardized manner. Six metal markers were placed on the subject's right side face representing Glabella (G), Zygoma (Zy), Philtrum (Ph), Soft tissue Gonion (Go'), Soft tissue Pogonion (Pog'), Soft tissue Menton (Me') before taking the lateral cephalometric radiograph and photograph. The 14 linear, 28 angular, and 5 area differences were measured after superimposition of the radiograph and photograph using nose and upper lip as a reference on the Image Analyzer. The paired t-test and the percentage of differences were used to compare the geometric displacement of metal markers between the lateral cephalometric radiograph and photograph. Through the statistical analysis, the following results were obtained. 1. When the linear measurements were compared between the lateral photograph and radiograph, the measurements related to Zy and Go' except Zy-Me' and Go'-Ph showed significant differences on both images. 2. On the angular comparison, the overall measurements except Me'-Ph-Pog', Ph-Pog'-Me', Ph-Me'-Pog', G-Me'-Ph, Me'-G-Ph. Ph-Go'-Pog', Go'-Zy-Me' and G-Go'-Me' showed significant differences on both images and especially the measurements related to Zy showed greater difference. 3. In area measurements, the overall measurements except G-Zy-Go' showed enlargement of the radiograph. 4. On the superimposition of the radiograph and photograph, the measurements related to the profile tended to be well matched. However, Zy on the lateral radiograph tended to be displaced downward and backward more than Zy on the photograph. Furthermore Go' on the lateral radiograph tended to be displaced upward and backward more than Go' on the photograph. The results suggested that the precise superimposition between the lateral cephalometric radiograph and photograph was not feasible due to differences in enlargement.

백서에서 치아이동 후 보정기간 동안 교합이 치주조직 섬유의 재형성에 미치는 영향

정권희,이기헌,황현식,이석형 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2002 구강과학 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of occlusion on the mechanical strength of periodontal fibers during retention periods after experimental tooth movement. In the Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 200 g or more. The intraoral elastics was inserted into the interproximal space of upper the first and second molars. After 4th day of teeth movement, the left mandibular first, second, and third molars were extracted for differentiating the occlusal side from the non-occlusal side in the experimental groups. The intraoral elastics was removed and then light cured resin was placed in the interproximal space between the bilateral upper first and second molars following undercut was made for retention. From the day beginning retention, 7 rats were sacrified at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 days respectively. For evaluating of degree on the mechanical strength of periodontal tissue, maximal shear load of the bilateral upper first molars were measured by use of Instron Universal Testing Machine. The results of this study were obtained as follows: 1. In the occlusal side from no retention group to 4-day, 8-day, 12-day, 16-day, and retention 20-day group as time was going maximal shear load was increased and there was statistically difference from retention 12-day group(p<0.05). 2. In the non-occlusal side from no retention group to 4-day, 8-day, 12-day, 16-day, and retention 20-day group as time was going maximal shear load was increased slightly but there was no statistically difference(p>0.05). 3. The result compared with maximal shear load between occlusal and non-occlusal side showed no statistically difference until retention 8-daygroup(p>0.05), and showed statistically difference from retention 12-day to 20-day group(p<0.05). These results show that the occlusion had an effect on mechanical strength of the periodontal fibers during retention periods after experimental tooth movement; therefore, it is suggested that consideration of occlusion is required for the type and length of retention at the time of retention planning.

고정식 교정 환자에서 전동치솔 효과에 관한 연구

박창헌,이기헌,황현식,홍석진 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2002 구강과학 Vol.14 No.4

Patients with fixed orthodontic appliances frequently have increased levels of plaque accumulation leading to the possibility of gingivitis or enamel decalcification. Although many methods may be helpful in reducing dental plaque formation, optimal mechanical removal of plaque is tile most important factor during orthodontic treatment. The porpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of'an electric toothbrush, with a specially designed orthodontic brush head. compared with a manual toothbrush in controlling plaque and gingivitis for patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Oral hygiene status was measured in thirty four patients, using a plaquc index, a gingival index and a bleeding index. before and four weeks after attachment of fixed orthodontic appliances. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, the electric and the manual toothbrush groups. Oral hygiene instruction was given according to the type of toothbrush used. The Braun Oral-B D9511 with Braun Oral-B Ortho OD 15-1 brush head was used as the electric toothbrush while the Butler G.U. M 124 was given as the manual toothbrush. After 4 weeks and 8 weeks, oral hygiene status was measured again. Through the comparison berween the electric and the manual toothbrush grpups. following results were obtained. 1. All oral hygiene indices showed increasing tendency after 4weeks of fixed orthodontic appliances. 2. All indices presented decreasing tendency four and eight weeks after oral hygiene instruction. 3. In case of gingival index and bleeding index. decreasing tendency did not show a statistically significant difference between the electric and the manual toothbrush groups. 4. The decreasing tendency of plaque index presented statistically significant difference between the two groups. showing that the electric toothbrush was more effective in terms of oral hygiene. These findings suggest that an electric toothbrush is useful to the orthodontic patients with fixed appliances.

Simvastatin이 골결손부 회복에 미치는 영향

강정호,김규태,최용석,이현우,황의환 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2008 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.38 No.3

Purpose : To observe and evaluate the effects of Simvastatin-induced osteogenesis on the wound healing of defective bone. Materials and Methods : 64 defective bones were created in the parietal bone of 32 New Zealand White rabbits. The defects were grafted with collagen matrix carriers mixed with Simvastatin solution in the experimental group of 16 rabbits and with collagen matrix carriers mixed with water in the controlled group. The rabbits were terminated at an interval of 3, 5, 7, and 9 days, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after the formation of defective bone. The wound healing was evaluated by soft X-ray radiography. The tissues within defective bones were evaluated through the analysis of flow cytometry for the manifestation of Runx2 and Osteocalcin, and observed histopathologically by using H-E stain and Masson’s trichrome stain. Results : 1. In the experimental group, flow cytometry revealed more manifestation of Runx2 at 5, 7, and 9 days and Osteocalcin at 2 weeks than in the controlled groups, but there was few difference in comparison with the controlled group. 2. In the experimental group, flow cytometry revealed considerably more cells and erythrocytes at 5, 7, and 9 days in comparison with the controlled group. 3. In the experimental group, soft x-ray radiography revealed the extended formation of trabeculation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. 4. Histopathological features of the experimental group showed more fibroblasts and newly formed vessels at 5 and 7 days, and the formation of osteoid tissues at 9 days, and the newly formed trabeculations at 4 and 6 weeks. Conclusion : As the induced osteogenesis by Simvastatin, there was few contrast of the manifestation between Runx2 and Osteocalcin based on the differentiation of osteoblasts. But it was considered that the more formation of cells and erythrocytes depending on newly formed vessels in the experimental group obviously had an effect on the bone regeneration.