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Byun, Eui‐,Baek,Park, Sangx2010,Hyun,Jang, Beomx2010,Su,Sung, Nakx2010,Yun,Byun, Eui‐,Hong John Wiley Sons, Ltd 2016 Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Vol.96 No.2
<P>BACKGROUNDThis study was designed to evaluate the antitumor activity of low-molecular-weight beta-glucan (LMBG) produced by gamma irradiation (50 kGy), using in vivo and in vitro models. RESULTSThe results indicate that treatment with LMBG increased the proliferation of murine peritoneal macrophages, and their production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide, to a greater extent than treatment with high-molecular-weight beta-glucan (HMBG). The activation of peritoneal macrophages by LMBG was mediated by both mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling. Interestingly, when administered prophylactically, LMBG significantly inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis in mice injected with B16BL6 melanoma cells compared with the HMBG-treated group. In comparison with HMBG treatment, LMBG treatment also elevated cell proliferation, cytokine (interferon-gamma and interleukin-2) production, and CD8(+) T cell populations in splenocytes from tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONThese data indicate that LMBG is important in eliciting antitumor activity through a non-specific immune response and may play a major role as a value-added product in the medical industry. (c) 2015 Society of Chemical Industry</P>
Byun, Eui‐,Hong,Kim, Woo Sik,Kim, Jongx2010,Seok,Jung, In Duk,Park, Yeongx2010,Min,Kim, Hwax2010,Jung,Cho, Sangx2010,Nae,Shin, Sung Jae Federation of American Society for Experimental Bi 2012 The FASEB Journal Vol.26 No.6
<P>Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis constitutes an ongoing threat to global health. An antigen that can induce dendritic cell (DC) maturation and lead to enhanced cellular immunity is crucial to the development of an effective TB vaccine. Here, we investigated the functional roles and the related signaling mechanism of the Rv0577 protein, a M. tuberculosis complex-restricted secreted protein involved in the methylglyoxal detoxification pathway. Rv0577 recognizes Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and functionally induces DC maturation by augmenting the expression of cell surface molecules (CD80, CD86, and MHC class I and II) and proinflammatory cytokine production (TNF-관, IL-1관, IL-6, and IL-12p70) in DCs on MyD88-dependent signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and nuclear factor 관B signaling pathways. In addition, Rv0577-treated DCs activated naive T cells, effectively polarized CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells to secrete IFN-관 and IL-2, and induced T-cell proliferation, indicating that this protein possibly contributes to Th1-polarization of the immune response. More important, unlike LPS, Rv0577-treated DCs specifically induced the proliferation of memory CD4(+)/CD8(+)CD44(high)CD62L(low) T cells in the spleen of M. tuberculosis-infected mice in a TLR2-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings suggest that Rv0577 may regulate innate and adaptive immunity by interacting with TLR2, a finding that could be helpful in the design of new TB vaccines.</P>
Towards the Next Level of Bioinspired Dry Adhesives: New Designs and Applications
Kwak, Moon Kyu,Pang, Changhyun,Jeong, Hoonx2010,Eui,Kim, Hongx2010,Nam,Yoon, Hyunsik,Jung, Hox2010,Sup,Suh, Kahpx2010,Yang WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 Advanced functional materials Vol.21 No.19
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>This Feature Article aims to highlight our recent efforts to develop more robust gecko‐inspired dry adhesives and their applications. Due to recent progress in micro‐ and nanofabrication techniques, it is possible to fabricate highly sophisticated multiscale, hierarchical structures using various polymer materials. In addition, the adhesion strength of synthetic dry adhesives has been shown to be similar to or exceed that of real gecko foot‐hair by several times. Therefore, it is timely and appropriate to drive the research of gecko‐inspired dry adhesives into a new epoch by investigating more robust dry adhesive structures, efficient detachment mechanisms, and new applications. In this Feature Article, we present a series of our recent achievements to overcome some of the limitations of gecko‐like hair structures such as rough surface adaptation, durability, and controlled geometry, with particular emphasis on materials issues and detachment mechanism. For potential applications, a clean transportation device and a biomedical skin patch are briefly described to expand the application realm from the well‐known wall climbing robot.</P>
Lee, Kix2010,Sung,Hong, Minx2010,Eui,Jung, Sukx2010,Chae,Ha, Sukx2010,Jin,Yu, Byung Jo,Koo, Hyun Min,Park, Sung Min,Seo, Jinx2010,Ho,Kweon, Daex2010,Hyuk,Park, Jae Chan,Jin, Yongx2010,Su Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2011 Biotechnology and Bioengineering Vol.108 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Although <I>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</I> is capable of fermenting galactose into ethanol, ethanol yield and productivity from galactose are significantly lower than those from glucose. An inverse metabolic engineering approach was undertaken to improve ethanol yield and productivity from galactose in <I>S</I>. <I>cerevisiae</I>. A genome‐wide perturbation library was introduced into <I>S</I>. <I>cerevisiae</I>, and then fast galactose‐fermenting transformants were screened using three different enrichment methods. The characterization of genetic perturbations in the isolated transformants revealed three target genes whose overexpression elicited enhanced galactose utilization. One confirmatory (<I>SEC53</I> coding for phosphomannomutase) and two novel targets (<I>SNR84</I> coding for a small nuclear RNA and a truncated form of <I>TUP1</I> coding for a general repressor of transcription) were identified as overexpression targets that potentially improve galactose fermentation. Beneficial effects of overexpression of <I>SEC53</I> may be similar to the mechanisms exerted by overexpression of <I>PGM2</I> coding for phosphoglucomutase. While the mechanism is largely unknown, overexpression of <I>SNR84</I>, improved both growth and ethanol production from galactose. The most remarkable improvement of galactose fermentation was achieved by overexpression of the truncated <I>TUP1</I> (t<I>TUP1</I>) gene, resulting in unrivalled galactose fermentation capability, that is 250% higher in both galactose consumption rate and ethanol productivity compared to the control strain. Moreover, the overexpression of t<I>TUP1</I> significantly shortened lag periods that occurs when substrate is changed from glucose to galactose. Based on these results we proposed a hypothesis that the mutant Tup1 without C‐terminal repression domain might bring in earlier and higher expression of <I>GAL</I> genes through partial alleviation of glucose repression. mRNA levels of <I>GAL</I> genes (<I>GAL1</I>, <I>GAL4</I>, and <I>GAL80</I>) indeed increased upon overexpression of <I>tTUP</I>. The results presented in this study illustrate that alteration of global regulatory networks through overexpression of the identified targets (<I>SNR84</I> and t<I>TUP1</I>) is as effective as overexpression of a rate limiting metabolic gene (<I>PGM2</I>) in the galactose assimilation pathway for efficient galactose fermentation in <I>S</I>. <I>cerevisiae</I>. In addition, these results will be industrially useful in the biofuels area as galactose is one of the abundant sugars in marine plant biomass such as red seaweed as well as cheese whey and molasses. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:621–631. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</P>
Kim, Kwangwook,Sohn, Hosung,Kim, Jongx2010,Seok,Choi, Hanx2010,Gyu,Byun, Eui‐,Hong,Lee, Kangx2010,In,Shin, Sung Jae,Song, Changx2010,Hwa,Park, Jeongx2010,Kyu,Kim, Hwax2010,Jung Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 Immunology Vol.136 No.2
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Mycobacterial proteins interact with host macrophages and modulate their functions and cytokine gene expression profile. The protein Rv0652 is abundant in culture filtrates of <I>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</I> K‐strain, which belongs to the Beijing family, compared with levels in the H37Rv and CDC1551 strains. Rv0652 induces strong antibody responses in patients with active tuberculosis. We investigated pro‐inflammatory cytokine production induced by Rv0652 in murine macrophages and the roles of signalling pathways. In RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow‐derived macrophages, recombinant Rv0652 induced predominantly tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1 production, which was dependent on mitogen‐activated protein kinases and nuclear factor‐κB. Specific signalling pathway inhibitors revealed that the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) pathways were essential for Rv0652‐induced TNF production, whereas the ERK1/2 and PI3K pathways, but not the p38 pathway, were critical for MCP‐1 production in macrophages. Rv0652‐stimulated TNF and MCP‐1 secretion by macrophages occurred in a Toll‐like receptor 4‐dependent and MyD88‐dependent manner. In addition, Rv0652 significantly up‐regulated the expression of the mannose receptor, CD80, CD86 and MHC class II molecules. These results suggest that Rv0652 can induce a protective immunity against <I>M.?tuberculosis</I> through the macrophage activation.</P>
Transcriptome profiles of tomato plants after neutron irradiation and infection with TYLCV
Zhou, Yujie,Cho, Won Kyong,Byun, Heex2010,Seong,Kil, Eui‐,Joon,Bak, Sangx2010,In,Moon, Dalx2010,Ho,Chavan, Vivek,Park, Taex2010,Sun,Lee, Sukchan,Hong, Seungx2010,Woo Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2019 Physiologia plantarum Vol.165 No.2
<P>Ionizing radiation is ubiquitous in the environment and can cause mutagenesis in living organisms. In this study, we examined the effects of neutron irradiation on tomato plants. Neutron irradiation decreased tomato germination rates, but most irradiated tomato plants did not show any significant phenotype. However, tomato mutants infected by <I>Tomato yellow leaf curl virus</I> (TYLCV) displayed resistance against TYLCV compared to the wild type (WT), which showed disease symptoms. RNA‐Seq data demonstrated that the expression profiles of eight tomato mutants were significantly different from that of the WT. The transcriptomes obtained from presoaked seeds were highly altered compared to those of dry seeds. Increased irradiation time resulted in severe changes in the tomato transcriptome; however, different neutron irradiation intensities affected the expressions of different sets of genes. A high number of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in tomato transcriptomes suggest that neutron irradiation strongly impacts plant transcriptomes. The transition/transversion values among mutants were almost constant and were lower than that of the non‐irradiated sample (WT), suggesting that neutron irradiation caused an effect. Taken together, this is the first report showing the effects of neutron irradiation on tomato plants by transcriptome analyses.</P>
Seo, Boram,Jeon, Woo Hyung,Kim, Chulx2010,Eui,Kim, Sanghyuck,Kim, Sung Hong,Lee, Phil Ho WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2016 Advanced synthesis & catalysis Vol.358 No.7
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Sequential copper‐catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition, rhodium‐catalyzed OH insertion, intramolecular 1,8‐addition, and rearrangement starting from 1‐alkynes, <I>N</I>‐sulfonyl azides, and tropolones is demonstrated for the synthesis of the 2‐functionalized aminotropones in one pot. These results indicate that sequential functionalization of OH and C(<I>sp</I><SUP>2</SUP>)O bonds smoothly occurs in the C(<I>sp</I><SUP>2</SUP>)OH bonds of tropolone</P>
<i>In situ</i> fabrication of freestanding single‐walled carbon nanotube rope interconnection
Kim, Taewoo,Kang, Tae June,Seo, Dong Kyun,Jang, Eui Yun,Jin, Kyoung Cheol,Choi, Ajeong,Kim, Daex2010,Weon,Park, Yung Woo,Jeong, Dae Hong,Kim, Yong Hyup WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 Physica status solidi. PSS. A, Applications and ma Vol.209 No.11
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A single‐walled carbon nanotube rope interconnect is fabricated by utilizing dielectrophoresis and capillary condensation. The rope connects a pair of prefabricated cantilevers with good alignment and outstanding packing density. The diameter and resistance of the rope are readily controlled by adjusting the dielectrophoresis parameters such as applied voltage and frequency. The properties of the rope, including packing density, electron transport, and maximum current density, are investigated. The maximum current density of the rope is measured to be as high as 1 × 10<SUP>7</SUP> A/cm<SUP>2</SUP> in vacuum. </P>
Lee, Il Hwan,Lee, In Chul,Kim, Jeongsik,Kim, Jin Hee,Chung, Eui‐,Hwan,Kim, Hyo Jung,Park, Su Jin,Kim, Yong Min,Kang, Sin Kyu,Nam, Hong Gil,Woo, Hye Ryun,Lim, Pyung Ok Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2016 Physiologia plantarum Vol.158 No.2
<P>Leaf senescence is not only primarily governed by developmental age but also influenced by various internal and external factors. Although some genes that control leaf senescence have been identified, the detailed regulatory mechanisms underlying integration of diverse senescence‐associated signals into the senescence programs remain to be elucidated. To dissect the regulatory pathways involved in leaf senescence, we isolated the <I>not oresara1‐1</I> (<I>nore1‐1</I>) mutant showing accelerated leaf senescence phenotypes from an EMS‐mutagenized <I>Arabidopsis thaliana</I> population. We found that altered transcriptional programs in defense response‐related processes were associated with the accelerated leaf senescence phenotypes observed in <I>nore1‐1</I> through microarray analysis. The <I>nore1‐1</I> mutation activated defense program, leading to enhanced disease resistance. Intriguingly, high ambient temperature effectively suppresses the early senescence and death phenotypes of <I>nore1‐1</I>. The gene responsible for the phenotypes of <I>nore1‐1</I> contains a missense mutation in <I>SENESCENCE‐ASSOCIATED E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE 1</I> (<I>SAUL1</I>), which was reported as a negative regulator of premature senescence in the light intensity‐ and PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4)‐dependent manner. Through extensive double mutant analyses, we recently identified <I>suppressor of the G2 Allele of SKP1b</I> (<I>SGT1b</I>), one of the positive regulators for disease resistance conferred by many resistance (R) proteins, as a downstream signaling component in NORE1‐mediated senescence and cell death pathways. In conclusion, NORE1/SAUL1 is a key factor integrating signals from temperature‐dependent defense programs and leaf senescence in <I>Arabidopsis</I>. These findings provide a new insight that plants might utilize defense response program in regulating leaf senescence process, possibly through recruiting the related genes during the evolution of the leaf senescence program.</P>