부시의 대중정책 변화와 미-중관계 : 전략적 경쟁관계를 중심으로

한석희 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2001 東西硏究 JOURNAL OF EAST AND WEST STUDIES Vol.13 No.1

부시대통령의 취임 과 함께 미국은 현실적(realistic)이고 일발적(unilateral)인 외교노선을 중심으로 미-중관계를 전략적 경쟁관계로 규정하고 있으며, 부시의 전략적 경쟁관계는 클린턴 시대의 전략적 동반자 관계와는 달리 현실세계에서 신냉전을 우려할 정도로 양국간의 갈등과 경쟁을 심화시키는 방향으로 나가고 있다. 미사일 방어계획(MD: Missile Defense Plan)과 ABM조약 폐기의 추진, 미국의 군사개혁과 군사전략의 수정, 미국의 대만에 대한 첨단무기 판매 문제, 대만총통 천수이볜과 티벳의 지도자 달라이 라마의 미국 방문 허용, 그리고 과거의 "전략적 모호성(strategic ambiguity)" 정책에서 벗어나 중국이 대만에 무력을 사용하는 경우, 미국도 무력으로 대응하겠다는 새로운 대만 정책 등 부시가 취임 초기에 추진하였던 정책들은 중국과의 갈등을 증폭시켜 갔으며, 2001년 4월 1일 미-중간의 항공기 충돌사건은 미-중관계가 상호 신뢰와 협력 보다는 상호불신과 불안에서 비롯된 불안정한 상태로 지속되고 있음을 나타내었다. 미-중관계는 새로운 세기의 국제관계에서 가장 중요한 축으로 간주되고 있으며, 양국간의 협력과 조화는 세계-특히 동북아-안보질서 구축에 핵심적인 요소이다. 따라서 앞으로의 미-중관계에 대한 전망과 평가는 상당한 의의를 지닌다고 볼 수 있다. 이 글에서는 1989년 이후의 미-중관계에 대한 검토를 바탕으로 향후 미-중관계의 방향을 분석해 보았다. 냉전의 종식으로 미-중관계에는 양국간의 구조적인 갈등과 경쟁이 표출되었으며, 이러한 갈등과 경쟁은 1990년대에서 보여지듯이 경제 논리를 중심으로 한 협력의 요소에 의해 진정되어 왔다. 또한 돌발적인 사건에 의하여 급격하게 관계가 악화된 경우에도 협력의 논리와 타협에 의하여 관계가 회복되어 왔다. 따라서 현재 진행되고 있는 중-미간의 경쟁 · 갈등구도도 제한적 · 일시적 현상이라고 볼 수 있으며, 일정 기간의 조정기를 거쳐 협력의 국면으로 회복 될 가능성이 크다. 이러한 논지는 최근 미국 정찰기 충돌사건의 해결과 함께 미-중간의 군사접촉을 제한적이나마 재개하고, 중국의 WTO가입문제에 대하여 미 · 중 양국이 의견일치에 도달한 점 등을 살펴 볼 때, 상당히 설득력을 가진다. 또한 중국의 올림픽 유치 결정도 양국간의 협력관계 형성에 상당히 긍정적인 역할을 하고 있다. 미국의 對中정책의 목표가 중국을 정치, 경제, 외교적으로 성숙한 국가로 전환시키고, 국제사회에서 평화와 안정을 존중하는 책임감 있는 국가로 발전시키는데 있다는 측면을 고려해 볼 때, 미국의 부시행정부는 대중정책의 목표를 달성하기 위하여 현재와 같은 경쟁 · 갈등요소에 대한 강조 보다는 협력과 신뢰구축을 위한 거시적인 대중전략이 필요하며, 조속한 시일 내에 좀 더 균형있는 대중정책을 추진할 필요가 있다.

그림놀이가 환아의 불안감소에 미치는 영향

한정석,김희순 연세대학교 교육대학원 1984 연세교육과학 Vol.25 No.-

Hospitalized children may get psychological shock fronm the new environment and show various responses including anxiety and fear in adjusting himself to the new environment. A child's anxiety derived from a threatening environment can raise a serious problem in regard to character building and in adjustment to society. This study was done in order to alleviate a child from the anxiety that may occur Hospitalization by providing him with play therapy and by letting his family member takes part in it. The subjects for this study were obtained by taking a convenient sample of Hospitalized children in Y Medical Center from December 1983 through February 28, 1983 and their family members. Subjects were randomized into an experimental group of thrity one subjects and acontrol group of thirty subjects. Formulated hypothesis were examined by the utilization of t-test, Pearson corrleation coefficient, and analysis of covariance. In addition, the t-test were used to see if there were any similarities in the general traits between experimental and control groups. The findings were as follows; Hypothesis I-"The experimental group, as compared with the control group(no play therapy) will show a lower anxiety response score" was supported. Hypothesis II-"The emotional anxiety of the family member in the experimental group will be lower than that of the family in the control group" was supported. Hypothesis II-"The rewill be a positive correlation between the family members Anxiety Level and That of the sick child" were partially supported.

경북지역 주부들의 전통 부엌 세간의 보유 현황 및 이용실태 조사 연구

한재숙,최영희,조연숙,변재옥,한경필,김현옥,정종기,최석현 동아시아식생활학회 2002 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Housewives residing in the Kyongsang-Buk-do area were surveyed to determine their ownership of Korean traditional kitchen appliances and their usages. A breakdown of the appliances for the survey was as follows: 16 tableware, 17 household utensils, 15 heating utensils, 14 ceramic and earthen pottery, 6 stone utensils, 9 cooking utensils, 9 utensils made of the dried bamboo and bush clover, and 13 dining tables ("sang"). The types of the appliances with the largest ownerships and most frequently used were as follows: The jeopsi was most frequently owned, followed by the daejeop and the jaengban. The most frequently used item was the jubal,, followed by the daejeop and the jeopsi. Among the wooden utensils, bangmangi was most frequently owned, followed by the chanjang, the che, the doe, mal and hop. The most frequently used household utensil was the chanjang, followed by the takjasang and the doe, mal and hop. The utensil the most people owned for heating was the jujeonja, followed by the seoksoe, the musoesot and the siru. The most frequently used utensil for heating was the jujeonja, the musoesot and the seoksoe, in the order. As for the ceramic and earthen pottery, hangari and dok were owned and used most frequently. The maetdol and the jeolgu, though very low in their ownership rate, were most frequently owned items among the stoned utensils. The kal and the doma were the most frequently owned and used cooking utensils. The sokuri, and the chaeban and the baguni were the most frequently owned among the utensils made of the dried bamboo, bush clover and straw, while the sokuri was used the most frequently, followed by the chaeban and the jori. Among the dining tables, the kyojasang was the item most frequently owned, followed by the seonban and the chaeksangban, while the wonban was the most frequently used, followed by the kyojasang and the chaeksangban.

백삼에 있어 수침처리가 원형복원에 미치는 영향

한윤경,이이,이문순,권숙희,정찬문 충북대학교 연초연구소 2009 煙草硏究 Vol.22 No.-

본 연구는 시중에서 거래되고 있는 백삼을 구입하여 수침 처리가 백삼의 원형복원 및 사포닌 성분에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 시판백삼은 같은 등급 및 편급의 제품이었으나 뇌두, 근장, 근직경 등 조사 형질에서 제품간 차이가 있었다. 그리고 수침처리에 의해 근중, 동체, 근직경, 근장 등은 증가하여 원료삼으로서 수삼상태를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 이들 백삼은 온도가 증가할수록 체적이 빨리 증가하여 온도에 의한 영향을 크게 받았으며 다시 건조하여 본래 백삼의 상태로 환원하는 것이 가능하였다. 그리고 수침에 의한 근중의 변화는 2배 이상 증가하였는데 근중이 최고도에 달하는 시간은 대략 24시간 후 이었다. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soaking treatment in white ginseng and evaluated white ginseng on the restoration to the original shape and the quality of raw ginseng. KW-1 white ginseng had longer rhizome length and main root length. KW-2 had larger rhizome diameter, main root diameter and root weight. KW-3 showed lower quality than the other two white ginseng products. Soaking treatment made the root weight, main root diameter and main root length of raw ginseng increased. The decrease of root weight was significant by drying. The effects of soaking and drying treatment on the characters investigated of the raw ginseng and white ginseng showed same tendency. The higher the soaking temperature was, the faster the increasing rate was. The increasing of white ginseng stopped after around 12 hours from soaking at any soaking temperature.

들깨잎의 품종에 따른 성분분석 및 생리활성물질 탐색

한호석,박정혜,최희진,손준호,김영활,김성,최청 한국식생활문화학회 2004 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.19 No.1

The biochemical components of Namcheondlggae, Miryangdlkkae 25, Boradlggae and Ipdlkkae 1 were measured. The samples were extracted with hot water, 60% acetone or 80% ethanol for screening physiological activity. The crude protein content (4.36%) was found in the Miryangdlkkae 25 and calcium content (497.5 mg%) was found in the Namcheondlggae among the tested 4 perilla leaves. Fructose was 30.86 mg% in the Namcheondlggae and free amino acids at all perilla leaves was detected seventeen. In Boradlggae, glutamic acid and alanin were 25.37 and 11.91 mg%. Totally nine non-volatile organic acids were also detected and the contents of malic acid and glutaric acid were 28.34 and 14.57 mg% in Boradlggae. The Miryangdlkkae 25 had the highest vitamin C amount which was 113.24 mg%. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity of 80% ethanol extract of Boradlggae was 46.71%. Electron donating activity of 60% acetone extract from Namcheondlggae was the strongest inhibition activity as 98.19% when 200ppm level of the sample extracts were added.

대구, 경북지역 대학생의 식사행동 및 일본음식에 대한 인상 및 기호도 조사 연구

한재숙,이연정,최석현,최수근,권상용,최영희 동아시아식생활학회 2004 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구는 대구, 경북지역의 대학생(570명)을 대상으로 식사내용, 식사관습, 식사예절, 일본음식에 대한 인상과 시식경험 및 기호도를 조사한 것으로 그 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 음식은 항상 일인분씩 담는다’의 경우는 전체응답자의 15.5%에 불과하였고, ‘음식을 큰 접시에 모아서 담는다’의 경우는 ‘가끔 한다’가 44.8%, ‘항상 한다’가 35.8%로 나타나 큰 접시에 모아서 담는 가정이 많았다. ‘저녁은 가끔 가족이 함께 모여서 먹는다’가 59.9%로 가장 많았고, ‘항상 가족이 모여 같은 음식을 먹는다’는 끼니는 아침이 42.3%, 저녁이 23.3%, 점심이 3%로 나타나 아침에 가족이 모여 같은 음식을 먹는 경우가 가장 많았다. 2. ‘식사시 가족의 자리가 정해져 있다’고 한 경우는 전체응답자의 53.5%였고, ‘가족이 모여 식사할 경우, 연장자가 수저를 들기 전에는 먹지 않는다’는 전체의 56.4%였으며, ‘가장에게는 음식의 양이나 수가 많다’는 30.9%였다. 3. 식사예절에 대해 가장 자주 주의를 받는 것은 ‘TV를 보지 않고 먹기’(13.4%), 남기지 않고 먹기(11.5%), ‘수저사용법’(8.0%)의 순으로 나타났다. 반면 ‘식기 부딪히는 소리’(76.9%), ‘입 다물고 먹기’(76.6%), ‘씹는 소리’(74.6%), ‘밥 먹는 모양’(71.4%), ‘수저 사용법’(69.7%)등은 전체응답자의 70% 이상이 ‘주의를 받지 않는다’고 하였다. 4. 음식 만들기에 대한 선호도는 5점 만점에 3.48점으로‘보통 이상’으로 나타났고 국가별 요리에 대한 기호도는 한국요리(4.39점)가 가장 높았고, 그 다음이 중국요리 (3.76점), 이태리요리(3.45점), 일본요리(3.32점) 순이었으며 프랑스요리(3.16점)가 가장 낮은 기호도를 보였다. 음식 만드는 빈도는 한달에 1∼2회 정도로 나타나 대학 생들이 직접 음식을 만드는 빈도는 매우 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 5. 일본 방문경험은 조사대상자의 93.8%가 없었으며, 그중 92.6%가 일본방문을 희망하였고 일본음식에 대한 이미지는 ‘가격이 비싸다’(4.15점), ‘장식이 아름답다’(4.05점), ‘색채가 예쁘다’(3.98점) 등은 높은 점수를 보인 반면에 ‘맵다’(2.21점), ‘기름기가 많다'(2.51점), ’깊은 맛이 있다‘(2.56점) 등은 낮은 점수를 보였다. 6. 일본음식 중 가장 높은 시식경험을 가진 것은 우동(95.3%)이었고 그 다음은 스시(93.1%), 덴뿌라(81.9%)순 이었고, 반면에 니쿠자가(6.4%), 오차즈께(9.3%), 오코 노미야끼(11.1%), 다코야끼(16.0%) 등은 매우 낮은 시식경험을 보였다. 7. 일본음식에 대한 기호도는 우동(3.98점), 스시(3.85점), 덴뿌라(3.69점), 소바(3.43점), 스키야끼(3.12점)는 대체로 높은 기호도를 나타낸 반면 낫또(2.68점), 오차즈께(2.76점), 오코노미야끼(2.87점), 미소시루(2.88점), 다코 야끼(2.88점) 등은 낮은 기호도를 보였다. 이상의 연구결과로 변모해 가는 우리전통 식사예절의 동향 파악이 가능하였고 가족간의 화목과 건강한 사회를 이루기 위한 가족 단란의 식사지침이 요구되었다. 한편 일본음식중에는 우동과 스시가 한국대학생들에게 가장 인기가 높은 음식임을 알 수 있었고 대부분의 일본요리에 대해 장식이 예쁘고 색채가 아름답지만 값이 비싸다는 이미지를 가지고 있어서 가격을 좀 더 낮춘다면 그 이용이 더욱 늘어날 것으로 기대되었다. 또한 낫또, 오차즈께, 오코노미야끼 등 이용도가 낮은 음식에 대해서는 한국인의 입맛에 맞는 요리법을 가미한다면 대중화가 가능하리라고 여겨진다. This study was conducted to investigate the dietary behavior and image and preference of Japanese foods. The Subjects were consisted of 570 university students(243 males and 327 females) in Daegu and Kyungbuk area, Korea. The students responses to the 10 questions about image of Japanese foods were also measured on 5 point Likert scale. Data were presented by using frequency, percentage, chi-square test and T-test. The results of this study were as follows: (1) On the eating habits, 'the whole family has breakfast together with same foods everyday' scored high as 42.3% and 'foods put in a big platter by gathering everyday' as 35.8%. (2) About the eating customs, 53.5% of the subjects responded that the seat was fixed at meal time, 56.4% didn't start to eat before the patriarch started a meal and 30.9% responded that the head of a family had more foods in number and quantity. (3) On the table manners, 13.4% of the subjects were scolded about 'watching TV on eating', 11.5% about 'making left-over foods', 8.0% about 'misuse of spoon and chopsticks'. (4) The preferred ethnic foods by University students was in other of Korean, Chinese, Italian, Japanese and French foods. (5) Among subjects, 93.8% had no experience of visiting Japan and 92.6% wanted to visit Japan. Images on the Japanese foods were 'the price is too expensive' (mean 4.15) and 'the decoration is wonderful'(mean 4.05). But the subjects did not think Japanese foods as 'hot'(mean 2.21) and 'greasy'(mean 2.51). (6) The favorite Japanese food of subjects was Udon(mean 3.98), Sushi(mean 3.85) and Tempura(mean 3.69). So Udon turned out to be the most popular Japanese foods by university students in Daegu and Kyungbuk area, Korea. But they did not prefer Natto(mean 2.68), Ochazuke(mean 2.76), Okonomiyaki(mean 2.87) and Misosirn and did not eat. From the above results, Korean university students preferred Udon to Natto among Japanese traditional foods, and they estimated Japanese foods as 'too expensive'. Therefore, lowering the price and developing the cooking method for Korean taste were needed to increase the intake of Japanese traditional foods by Korean university students and.

Plenary Session 2 : PS-2-1 ; Outcomes of hepatitis B virus recurrence after liver transplantation: a multicenter analysis in Korea

( Hee Yeon Kim ),( Jong Young Choi ),( Dong Goo Kim ),( Myoung Soo Kim ),( Soon Il Kim ),( Shin Hwang ),( Sung Gyu Lee ),( Kwang Woong Lee ),( Kyung Suk Suh ),( Young Seok Han ),( Dong Lak Choi ),( Se 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.-

Background: The outcome of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection after liver transplantation (LT) was improved by hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and nucles(t)ide analogue (NUA). However, HBV recurrence after LT is critical because the recurrence is occasionally accompanied by a progressive destruction of graft and poor survival. The aims of this study were to investigate the significance HBV recurrence and identity factors associated with HBV recurrence. Methods: From October 1999 to February 2011, a total of 2684 consecutive LT recipients who underwent HBV-associated LT were retrospectively enrolled from 7 transplantation centers in Korea. Results: Prophylaxis regimens were HBIG monotherapy (67.7%) or a combination of HBIG with NUA (22.3%). The recurrence rate of HBV was 6.1% (164 recipients) during mean follow-up duration of 10.9 years. The median time from transplantation to recurrence was 2.1 years (0.1-7.9 years). Of the 1,071 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prior to LT, 155 patients (14.5%) had HCC recurrence after transplantation, and 48 patients (31.0%) had HBV recurrence. Of the 48 patients with recurrence of both HBV and HCC, 25 patients (52.1%) experienced HBV recurrence after HCC recurrence. In the multivariate analysis, pretransplant HCC, pretransplant HBV DNA above 5.5 log copies/mL was independent clinical factors influencing HBV recurrence after LT. The mortality rate among the recipients with HBV recurrence was 34.1% (56 recipients). Mean overall survival was 6.4 years in the HBV-recurrence group and 9.9 years in the HBV-nonrecurrence group (p<0.001). HBV recurrence was not an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. HCC recurrence was the most important factor for overall survival. Conclusions: The overall outcome of LT in HBV-related liver disease was excellent with the current prophylaxis regimen Choon Hyuck David Kwon,8 Suk-Koo Lee8 Pretransplant HBV DNA and HCC were important factors for HBV recurrence. HBV recurrence after LT did not significantly influence on the overall survival without combining of HCC recurrence.

타우로우루소데옥시콜린산이 흰쥐의 적출심장에서 허혈 및 재관류 손상에 미치는 영향

한석희,이우용,박진혁,이선미 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1999 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.11 No.-

Abstract - In this study, the effects of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) on ischemia/ reperfusion injury were investigated on isolated heart perfusion models. Hearts were perfused with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution (pH 7.4, 37℃) on a Langendorff apparatus. After equilibration, isolated hearts were treated with TUDCA 100 and 200μM or vehicle (0.02% DMSO) for 10 min before the onset of ischemia in single treatment group. In 7 day pretreatment group, TUDCA 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight were given orally for 7days before operation. After global ischemia (30 min), ischemic hearts were reperfused for 30 min. The physiological (i.e. heart rate, left ventricular developed pressure, coronary flow, double product, time to contracture formation) and biochemical (lactate dehydrogenase; LDH) parameters were evaluated. In vehicle-treated group, time to contracture formation was 810 sec during ischemia, LVDP was 34.0 mmHg at the endpoint of reperfusion and LDH activity in total reperfusion effluent was 34.3 U/L. Single treatment with TUDCA did not change the postischemic recovery of cardiac function, LDH and time to contracture compared with ischemic control group. TUDCA pretreatment showed the tendency to decrease LDH release and to increase time to contracture and coronary flow. Our findings suggest that TUDCA does not ameliorate ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial damage.

백화사설초 메탄올 추출물에 의한 HL-60 細胞 枯死過程에서의 cell cycle 關聯因子의 活性變化 硏究

한세희,이종범,문구,문석재,원진희,박래길,이종덕 대한한방종양학회 2000 대한한방종양학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Objecives: Hedyotis diffusa is used to treat cancer in traditional Korea Medicine. So this study was carried out to examine the expression of cell cycle related genes in HL-60 cells undergoing apoptosis by the methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa. Methods: 1. HL-60 cells were treated with various concentrations (from 200 to 50㎍/ml)of metnanol extract and H20 extract (200 ㎍/ml) of hedyotis diffusa. After 48 h later, the cells were tested for viability by MTT assay. 2. The HL-60 cells were treated with 200 ㎍/ml of methanol extract for the indicated periods. The whole cell lysates were prepared and analyzed by westem blotting using anti-p53 antibody. 3. The nuclear extract were prepared and analyed by western blotting using anti-p21 antibody, anti-p27 antibody, anti-cyclen A antibody, anti-cylin E antibody and anti-CDK2 antinbody. Results: 1. The methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa induced the death of HL-60 cells in a dose dependent manner. 2. The methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa makedly decreased the level of p21/Cipl and cyclin A in a time dependent manner. 3. The methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa markedly increased tje ;eve; pf p27/Kip and cyclin E in a time dependent mammer. 4.The methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa markedly did not affect the level of CDK2. Conclusions: These results provide evidence that expression of cell cycle related genes in HL-6- cells undergoing apoptosis by the methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa mainly results from decreased level of p21/cipl and increased level of p27/Kipl of the cell cycle related genes.

保健關係機關 및 團體와 社會敎育機關의 保健敎育實態에 關한 調査硏究

韓喜晶,李時伯,申碩旴,趙恒奭,鄭惠瓊 韓國保健敎育學會 1988 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.5 No.1