6ㆍ25전쟁 초기 조선 종군실화로 본 금강도하⑴

신경득 경상대학교 사회과학연구소 2005 사회과학연구 Vol.23 No.-

Crossing over of Geum River was performed during the Daejeon Battle which was one of the most severe battles during the Korean War. From July 14 to 20 in 1950, the American 24th Division under the 8th Corps and the North Korean 3rd and 4th Divisions under the 1st Corps stood face to face along the Geum River. The North Korean side crossed over the river and occupied Daejeon. According to ≪The History of the Korean War》written by South Korean side, in that battle, Dean, the commander of the American 24th Division, was captivated alive, and a third of the soldiers were killed and most of their equipment was lost. For North Korean part, 15 tanks, 15 mobile guns, and 6 howitzers of 122mm were lost and a lot of soldiers were killed. These are statistics which show how fierce the battle was. By the way, descriptions over the battle from both sides are contradictory. According to 《The History of the Korean War》written by North Korean side, the battle was one of the most splendid ones accomplished by Kim Ilsung's excellent strategy and tactics and by the incomparably brave North Korean People's Army. And its development was cautious and elusive. But American description is different. They say that the battle was not North Korea's lopsided victory. Since, major general, Dean resisted the North Korean troops through July 20, he saved time for the American 25th Division and the 1st Mechanized Division to perform landing operations at Pohang and Busan. So, they insist, the American side got relative victory. These two descriptions are common in both sides each. But my opinion is different from both. I think that obviously it was a failure for the American side. Yet, it was not one of the most splendid battles for the North Korean side. They should have considered some alternative operations. It could have influenced on the whole process of the war. Before the war, the then Chinese leader Mao Tsetung advised Kim Ilsung and Park Heongyeong 'to bypass cities and not to waste time occupying cities'. But Kim and Park ignored his advice, and further more, spent three days when they occupied Seoul. The fact that having spent so much time attacking all the parts of South Korea, including cities, like 'sweeping with a broom' made unexpected obstacles to unifying Korea. This is one of the evidences that support my opinion that some alternative operations were necessary. Considering Mao's advice, we can think of several alternative operations, accepting the operation that the North Korean 3rd Infantry Division would cross over Geum River at Daepyeongri and attack the American 19th regiment like wedging it as given. The first is that the North Korean 105 tank brigade and the 5th regiment which moved north from Daepyeongri on the night of July 15 would debouch and cross over Gabcheon Stream and attack the border between Ogcheon and Yeongdong. Under this operation, sice the American 21th regiment was so weak, there would be no possible powerful counterattack from the regiment. But there was possibility that they would suffer from the possible American bombing. The second is that North Korea's mechanized troop would arrive in Gongju on the night of July 15 and occupy Youseong on the night of July 16 at latest and occupy Daejeon under the combined operation with the 3rd Division. Under this operation, sice Gongju was already occupied by the North Korean 4th Division, there would be no problem for the mechanized troop to break through Mt. Gyeoryong. But it would be a burden for the North Korean 3rd Division to accomplish the Daepyeongri Battle. The last is that the Daejeon Battle would be entrusted to the North Korean 3rd Division and a mechanized troop and the 16th and the 18th regiment of the North Korean 4th Division would advance to Daegu through Nonsan and Ganggyeong from Namwon, Hamyang, and Geochang. This alterative operation that the North Korean 4th Division would occupy Daegu before July 20 when the American 1st mechanized Division and the 25th Division made landings at Pohang and Busan would be possible in the condition that there would be cooperation with another North Korean troop. The North Korean 5th Division which was performing guerilla operations in the Taebag Mountains leaded by Ma Sangcheol would have to advance to Busan through Pohang and Gyeongju along the East Coast. The North Korean 6th Division which crossed Geum River at Janghang on July 18 leaded by Bang Hosan would have to advance to Masan through Jeonju, Gwangju, Suncheon, Hadong, and Jinju. The North Korean 2nd Division which advanced to Boeun from Pibanryeong on July 18 leaded by Choi Hyeon would have to advance to Daegu through Whanggan and Gimcheon. Of course, there would be so many unpredictable variables in any war and if is said that any assumptions can not be allowed to history. But we can derive some strategic lessons from the Daejeon Battle. At any rate, because the North Korean troops wasted 6 days performing the Daejeon Battle, they came to give so much time to the American troops. During that time, the American 25th Division was able to be deployed to Sangju, the American 1st Mechanized Division was able to be deployed to the border of Chupungryeong at Yeongdong, the American 8th Division leaded by Walton Walker was able to construct the defense line along Nagdong River and McArthur was able to map out such a great operation as Incheon Landing. Major General, Dean who used to be Army Minister in the Military Government leaded by Hodge allegedly said that they were not able to see the forest, because it was too close about the Daejeon Battle. All the work that he did in the Daejeon Battle was that he tried to hunt some tanks with several soldiers carrying bazookas. But it was the task that any competent sergeant could do. Obviously, we are able to evaluate that the Daejeon Battle was 'one of the most brilliant battles won by North Korea' as many American scholars has pointed out. In the Daejeon Battle, the American troops were incessantly hit by the North Korean troops, and so it was inevitable for them to run away. But the American troops were able to keep hold of Daejeon until July 20, thanks to the powerful bombing carried out by American Air Force. As depicted in the battlefield reports written by Min Byeonggyun and Kim Saryang, it was thanks to that bombing that the North Korean mechanized troop had to take a roundabout way through Gongju instead of crossing over Geum River at Daepyeongri. As it was the night of July 19 that a North Korean tank brigade arrived at Youseong, crossing over GUm River at Gongju, breaking through Mt. Gyeoiryong, the American troops had succeeded keeping hold of Daejeon for so long 4 days. By the way, from the darly stage of the war, they failed to ger moral support from South Korean people by massacring political prisoners in Daejeon Jail, many civilians as shown at Nogeunri, by raping girls and women. It means that they were so audacious as to ignore any psychological operations towards civilians. It was one of the causes that the American side was defeated in the Daejeon Battle. That is, insufficient soldiers and equipment, low morale can not solely explain their defeat. After being hit many times by the North Korean troops, the American troops were completely sieged in Daejeon. So it was inevitable for them to resist desperately by rushing to the North Korean tanks with grenades. But the strategy of the North Korean troops was not perfect. We can find out a serious strategic fallacy committed by them. They ignored the famous Korean proverb, ""Drive out rats with leaving an escape hole"". If the North Korean troops had left a road for the American troops to withdraw, the former would not have experienced the serious loss of the soldiers. In that situation the latter would not have dared to resist the former. Besides, if the former had traced the latter on the road from Daejeon to Geumsan, the former could have get much greater military achievements. I greatly counted on many battlefield reports written by several North Korean writers, Min Byeonggyoun, Namgung Man, Park Palyang, Kim Saryang, Lee Jeonggu, Kim Namcheon, etc.

이야기치료 방법을 활용한 문학반응 활성화 방안 연구

신헌재,구경옥 한국초등국어교육학회 2009 한국초등국어교육 Vol.39 No.-

This study is started from recognition of problem & necessity about literature education in the real class. The purpose of this study is to offer concrete methodology for 'teaching & learning programs focused on the revitalization of literature-response using the narrative therapy method'. This teaching & learning program is started with the presupposition that the narrative therapy method will play an effective role in revitalizing of literature response of speaking expression. This program is focused on speaking expression among various literature-responses in the forms of writing, painting, playing, using music after reading literature materials of textbook. To perform this program, 1 class of 34 students in elementary school in Kwang-ju was selected to be a rearch group. 10 stories were selected as literature materials and then this program was applied through 15 periods in order to test the effects. I suggest how to rearch and how to analyze effects of this program. Test papers for measuring ability of speaking expression and degree of literature-interests and paper for measuring frequency of response were devised. Narrative therapy method is used according to these patterns, understanding of self-problem (selecting characters)→objectification of self-problem (introduction each character about personality or environment)→discovery of unique results (confession of the character's feeling)→ making self-story extracted from own history(ask & answer mutually, sharing advice mutually)→confirming self-story (acception of various responses). Also teaching & learning program with narrative therapy method, the pattern paper for interview, paper materials for easy question and answer were devised in order to apply this program to real class. This research could verify the effectiveness of this program objectively by comparing before-program and after-program with SPSS program. This teaching & learning program for revitalization of literature-response with narrative therapy method was very effective to revitalize literature-response and improve degree of literature-interests. This program is an especially effective method for understanding character's minds deeply. Applying this model in a real classroom proved that this model helps students express their responses freely to literature materials and relate literature works to their own lives and appreciate literature from their own perspective. Also it extends the scope of students' appreciation for literature works. 본 연구는 교실 현장에서의 문학교육에 대한 문제점과 필요성의 인식으로 출발하였다. 이에 이야기치료 방법을 활용한 문학 반응 활성화 교수·학습 방안을 구안하고 이의 이론적 토대와 방법론을 제공함으로써 현장교사들에게 문학교육의 문제를 해결하는 한 가지의 방법을 제공함과 동시에 학생들에게 문학을 향유할 수 있도록 문학반응을 활성화하는데 기여하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 다양한 문학치료 방법 중 이야기치료의 원리가 학생들의 말하기 문학반응의 활성화에 매우 효과적인 역할을 할 것이라는 전제하에 출발하여 쓰기, 미술, 연극, 음악 등으로 표현될 수 있는 다양한 문학 반응 중 말하기 문학반응을 활성화 하는 교수·학습 방안을 중심으로 연구하였다. 이는 기존의 ‘등장인물 되어 보기’와 구체적 이야기치료 단계를 적용한다는 점과 협동학습의 방법 중 사회자의 인터뷰를 통한 일정한 형식으로 진행된다는 점에서 큰 차이를 보인다. 광주시 소재 초등학교 6학년 한 학급 34명을 연구집단으로 설정하고, 이야기치료 단계에 맞추어 자신의 문제이해(등장인물 선택하기)-자신의 문제 객관화(상황이나 환경 등 자기 소개하기)-대안적 이야기 개발(서로에게 질문하기, 상대방에게 해 주고 싶은 말하기)-대안적 이야기 굳히기(활동 후 다양한 반응의 수용)으로 모형을 구안하고 사회자 인터뷰지, 학생용 질문지 등을 구안하여, 문학 학습 현장에서 실제 적용하였다. 본 모형을 적용해 본 결과, 문학 반응 표현 능력, 문학 흥미도 향상에 매우 효과적인 모형으로 검증되었다. 특히 등장인물의 마음을 이해하여 작품을 심층적으로 이해 하는데 매우 효과적인 방법이며, 학습자들이 주도적으로 학습함으로써 문학 작품에 대한 학생들의 반응을 자유롭게 표현하고, 작품과 자신의 삶을 연관 짓고, 작품 감상의 폭을 넓힐 수 있게 한다는 점을 확인할 수 있었다.

閉鎖性 顎下腺 病變에 關한 實驗的 硏究

李敬信,鄭相愚 全南大醫大 1983 전남의대학술지 Vol.20 No.3

성차와 리더십 : 문헌적 고찰 A Literature Review

조경순,이신자,김호원 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구소 2004 아시아여성연구 Vol.43 No.1

최근 여성 리더십에 대한 기업 조직과 학문 분야의 관심이 커지고 있지만 아직 여성 리더십과 관련된 다양한 개념들은 혼용되어 사용되고 있다. 여성 리더와 여성 리더십 연구의 체계적 접근을 위해 생물학적 성과 젠더의 측면에 따른 남녀의 차이와 남녀의 리더십 차이, 그리고 남녀의 리더십 유효성 차이를 경영학 분야에서 연구된 실증연구를 토대로 문헌 고찰을 하였다. 그 결과 성차가 존재하는 가에 대한 물음에 성차는 남녀의 생물학적 차이를 제외하면 성역할 사회화를 통해 만들어지는 것으로 보는 경향이 강한 것으로 나타났다. 리더십의 성차는 리더십 특성과 행위에 차이를 보이는 경향으로, 리더십 유효성에 대한 남녀 차이는 남성이 리더십을 더 발휘한다고 평가하는 경향이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 리더십과 리더십 유효성의 남녀 차이에 대한 연구는 일관된 결과를 보여주지 못하였으며, 조절변수에 따라 그 차이가 달라질 수 있다고 보고되고 있다. 추가적으로 남녀의 리더십과 리더십 유효성의 차이는 생물학적 성에 의한 차이보다 젠더차에 의한 것이 크며, 이는 성을 남성성과 여성성 및 양성성으로 구분하여 유효성에 대해 남녀 차이를 살펴보는 등의 다양한 연구의 시도들이 필요하다. The literature of leadership research has emphasized the importance of gender issue not only from an academic perspective but also from practical viewpoint. However, the literature seems unclear about many gender-related leadership conceptualizations. This study reviews theoretical and empirical research in organizational behavior,and aims to draw clear a view of the current state of research regarding gender issues in leadership research. Our understanding of the conceptual difference of biological sex and sociological gender of women and men led us to focus on sex- and gender-related differences in leadership, especially in leadership effectiveness. Our review indicates that most of the differences displayed by women- and men-leaders are attributable to their gender- role socialization, rather than their biological sex. It is also found that men-leadership is more effective in general, though the relationship in not very consistent and could be moderated by various factors such as nature of task, composition of the work group, and support from family. Our findings imply that gender differences in leadership are primarily based on socially constructed reality, which suggests future studies on gender issues in leadership to consider masculinity, femininity, and androgyny as major factors that have influence on leadership effectiveness differences.

컴퓨터 작업 시 의자 등받이 위치가 근육 활성도에 미치는 영향

김민우,변승진,이경은,정소영,조주영,최원자,최찬양,김경 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2011 再活科學硏究 Vol.29 No.1

이 연구는 컴퓨터 작업시 의자 등받이 위치가 근육활성도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 36명의 근골격에 문제가 없는 성인 남녀가 참가하였으며 대상자들은 등받이가 뒤에 있는 의자와 등받이가 없는 의자, 등받이가 앞에 있는 우리들 의자를 무작위로 배정하고 동일한 컴퓨터 작업을 실시하게 하였다. 실험 중, 표면근전도기를 사용하여 의자에 따른 위등세모근, 머리널판근 그리고 척주세움근의 근활성도 변화를 측정하였다. 이 연구의 결과를 종합해보면 등받이가 앞에 있는 의자는 허리 근육의 부담을 줄이지만 목근육에 부담이 늘어나고 등받이가 뒤에 있는 의자와 없는 의자는 허리근육에는 다소 무리가 가지만 목근육에는 부담이 덜하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 환자의 증상에 다라 컴퓨터 작업을 하는 동안 의자 등받이의 위치를 조절하여 치료에 도움이 될 수 있다고 생각되어진다. Objective : In this study, we checked and observed people's change of body muscle and muscle activity who do computer work on different chairs. We set three kind of chairs which one is a stool and another one is the back is fixed, and the other one is the back is fixed in front of chair. Subject : Accounting for 36 health men and women, we divided these people to 3 groups and put them on the three cases(position 1, position 2, position 3). We measured muscle activity of upper trapezius, Splenius Cervics, Erector Spinae from the groups by using surface electromyogram system. Methods : The standard of the electromyogram was 'reference voluntary contraction', and we carried out 'one way anova' to compare muscle activity of three groups. Results : In position 1, reference voluntary contraction of upper trapezius muscle activity was 123.2821%, Splenius Cervics was 141.7526%, and Erector Spinae was 254.5233%. In position 2, reference voluntary contraction of upper trapezius muscle activity was 132.9395%, Splenius Cervics was 141.7526%, and Erector Spinae was 246.6540%. In position 3, reference voluntary contraction of upper trapezius muscle activity was 190.6487%, Splenius Cervics was 270.2332%, and Erector Spinae was 182.1021%. Both upper trapezius and Splenius Cervics muscle activity of position 3 group was higher than the others groups. In position 1 group, Erector Spinae muscle activity was hight than the other groups. And either was position 2 group's(p<0.05). Conclusion : Therefore the chair which is the back is fixed in front is more comfortable for waist muscle but it's not good for neck. And the other chairs are better in waist muscle but not in neck muscle. So far, when we do a computer work, it's prefer to sit on the group 1&2's chairs to reduce neck muscle's stress and sit on group 3's chair to reduce waist muscle's stress.

Dexamethasone 치료기간 중의 DHEA 투여가 쥐의 뒷다리근 질량에 미치는 영향

최명애,신기수,이은주,안경주 대한기초간호자연과학회 2001 Journal of korean biological nursing science Vol.3 No.1

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of DHEA with dexamethasone on body weight and wet weight and relative weight of atrophied hindlimb muscles induced by dexamethasone treatment. 200~225g Wistar rats were divided into control(C), dexamethasone(D), dexamethasone and DHEA(DDH) groups. Dexamethasone was injected daily at a dose of 5mg/kg. DHEA was administered daily at a dose of 5mg/kg by oral ingestion during 7days. The data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test using the SPSSWIN 9.0 program. Body weight and muscle weight of plantaris and gastrocnemius of dexamethasone group decreased significantly compared with that of control group. Muscle weight of plantaris of DDH group increased significantly compared with dexamethasone group. Body weight of DDH group decreased significantly compared to control group, but relative weight of plantaris and gastrocnemius of DDH group increased significantly compared to control group. Based on these results, it can be suggested that DHEA administration during dexamethasone treatment can increase weight of atrophied plantaris muscle induced by dexamethasone treatment.

과민성 장 증후군의 증상 경감을 위한 비약물적 접근 고찰

최명애,김금순,안경주,채영란,최정안,홍해숙,박미정,이경숙,신기수,정재심 대한기초간호자연과학회 2005 Journal of korean biological nursing science Vol.7 No.2

There have been many trials of clinical efficacy of multicomponent and single component treatments for irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). We reviewed effects of non phamacological treatments in the IBS. Though the efficacy of multi-component approaches was unclear, several results suggest that cognitive behavioral therapy was effective in improving gastrointestinal symptoms of IBS. As a single component, cognitive therapy and relaxation with or without biofeedback could improve the symptoms and psychological health of IBS patients. Yoga, meditation, self-help information and hypnotherapy could be applicable to IBS.

발달장애유아의 언어행동발달 연구

김춘희,변찬석,서경희,유은정,이효신,전헌선,최성규 大邱大學校 特殊敎育·再活科學硏究所 2000 特殊敎育硏究 Vol.23 No.1

본 논문은 발달장애유아 언어행동발달 컨텐츠 개발에 요구되는 기초연구로써 연구의 이론적 바탕을 확립하고자 하였다. 연구에 사용된 방법은 문헌조사 방법 및 현장 인터뷰기법을 병행하였다. 본 연구의 주된 목적은 크게 3가지로 구분된다. 첫째, 발달장애유아의 가정 내 교육 욕구를 분석하고자 하였다. 둘째, 발달장애유아의 언어발달 양상을 검토하고자 하였다. 세 번째 목적은 유아의 언어행동발달 컨텐츠 구성의 주요 지침을 설정하고자 하였다. 이상의 연구목적에 따른 연구결과를 요약하면 다음 몇 가지로 제시된다. 1.가정 내 부모-유아간 관계형성이 우선 고려 되어야하고, 이에 따른 상호작용은 발달적 애착형성이 가능한 방향으로 정립되어야한다. 2.발달장애유아의 언어행동발달양상을 검토한 결과에 따르면, Piaget는 언어행동발달에 있어 감각운동기적 환경탐색 기능을 강조하고 있고, 이는 현재까지 중요한 유아 발달의 기저로 정착되었다. 따라서, 발달장애유아의 언어행동발달을 위한 컨텐츠 개발 내용에 있어서도 이러한 기저에 충실함이 합리적이다. 3.발달장애유아들에게는 언어행동 양상의 갈래가 크게 운동장애 및 감각결함으로 나누어질 수 있으므로, 이 두 가지 갈래의 각기 다른 특성이 컨텐츠 구성에서 충분히 고려되어야한다. 4.자폐성과 같은 중증 전반적 발달장애 유아를 위한 언어행동발달 컨텐츠 구성에서 특히 고려해야 할 두 가지 요소는 모방행동기능과 반복단순훈련기능 향상으로 결론지을 수 있다. This article planed to establish the theoretical foundations of the research as a basic study needed for developing the contents of verbal(language) behavior development for the infants with developmental disabilities. The methods used in the study was previous literature researches and interviews with subjects. The purposes of the study were divided into three parts. First, it was to analyze the educational needs of the infants with developmental disabilities in home settings. Second, it was to review and discover the language patterns of the infants with developmental disabilities. The third purpose was to devise the major guidelines of their language development's contents. The results of the study were described as the followings. 1.The relationships between the infants with developmental disabilities and their parents and their interactions should move to build the developmental attachments between them. 2.According to the literature findings of their language development patterns, Piaget concentrated on the functions of sensory motor environmental exploring in the language behavior development. The functions have been settled down into the important foundation for the infants' development. Thus, it was resonable that the content's development of the language behaviors for the infants with developmental disabilities should based on the function addressed by Piaget. 3.The language behaviors' patterns of the infants with developmental disabilities generally were classified into motor disabilities and sensory defect(deficiency). Therefore, the two factors should be considered for the constructions of the contents. 4.Constructing the contents of the language behavior developments for the infants with severely pervasive developmental disabilities such as autism, the improvements of two functions, imitative behavior and repetitive simple training should be considered.

사이버 감시정찰에서 설명 가능한 수집 및 분석 시스템 연구

신경일(Gyeong-Il Shin),윤호상(Hosang Yooun),신동일(DongIl Shin),신동규(DongKyoo Shin) 한국통신학회 2018 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.6

IDS 알고리즘에 대한 탐지율 연구 비교

신경일 ( Gyeong-il Shin ),윤호상 ( Hosang Yooun ),신동일 ( Dongil Shin ),신동규 ( Dongkyoo Shin ) 한국정보처리학회 2017 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.24 No.1

인터넷의 발달로 인하여 네트워크 공격이 점차 발전되며 여러 가지 공격 기법들이 생겨나고 이러한 기법들은 혼합하여 사용하는 등 변칙적인 해킹기법들이 생겨나고 있다. 이로 인하여 침입 탐지 시스템(Intrusion Detection System, IDS)은 기존의 알려진 공격에 대해서만 탐지하고 변칙된 새로운 패턴의 공격을 탐지하지 못하는 경우가 생겨나고 있다. 이 문제에 적합한 해결책을 찾고자 여러 가지 알고리즘들이 연구되었고, 아직도 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 글에서는 이러한 연구된 알고리즘들을 비교해 보았고 효율적인 방법을 제안한다.