Highly stable Prussian blue nanoparticles containing graphene oxide–chitosan matrix for selective radioactive cesium removal

Rethinasabapathy, Muruganantham,Kang, Sung-Min,Lee, Ilsong,Lee, Go-Woon,Lee, Sunmook,Roh, Changhyun,Huh, Yun Suk Elsevier 2019 Materials letters Vol.241 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this work, a Prussian blue (PB)/graphene oxide (GO)/chitosan (CS) organic-inorganic composite was successfully synthesized and utilized as an adsorbent for the selective removal of cesium (Cs<SUP>+</SUP>) ions. Taking the advantage of synergistic effect GO, CS and PB nanoparticles, the PB/GO/CS composite exhibited maximum adsorption capacity of 48.35 mg g<SUP>−1</SUP> for Cs<SUP>+</SUP> ions. In the presence of competitive monovalent cations (K<SUP>+</SUP> and Na<SUP>+</SUP>), PB/GO/CS showed excellent selectivity (86%) for Cs<SUP>+</SUP> ions and had a 6-fold higher distribution coefficient (<I>K</I> <SUB>d</SUB>) than GO/CS. This enhanced adsorption capacity with high selectivity of PB/GO/CS for Cs<SUP>+</SUP> ions may have been attributed to (i) the presence of carboxylic, hydroxyl and amino functional groups on GO/CS matrix which strongly bind Cs<SUP>+</SUP> ions through electrostatic attraction and chelation, and (ii) the trapping of Cs<SUP>+</SUP> ions by the voids of the FCC-structured PB lattice whose size is equivalent to the hydration radius of Cs<SUP>+</SUP> ions. Due to its low-cost, facile preparation, high adsorption capacity, and superior Cs<SUP>+</SUP> ions selectivity, PB/GO/CS is a promising material for the selective removal of the Cs<SUP>+</SUP> ions from the environment and for protecting ecosystems from the radiation hazards.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Low-cost organic-inorganic hybrid adsorbent for the selective removal of radioactive Cs. </LI> <LI> Exhibit high cesium (Cs) adsorption capacity of 48.35 mg g<SUP>−1</SUP>. </LI> <LI> Confer high structural stability due to strong electrostatic interaction between GO and CS. </LI> <LI> Excellent selectivity for Cs as the hydration radius of Cs matches with the void size of the PB lattice. </LI> <LI> Easy recovery of PB after Cs adsorption by immobilizing it with GO/CS matrix. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

전산화단층사진을 이용한 하악골 3차원 영상에서 비대칭진단 계측항목의 재현도에 관한 연구

김고운(Go-Woon Kim),김재형(Jae-Hyung Kim),이기헌(Ki-Heon Lee),황현식(Hyeon-Shik Hwang) 대한치과교정학회 2008 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.39 No.5

본 연구는 하악골 3차원 입체영상에서 비대칭계측항목들의 재현도 비교를 통하여 안면비대칭 진단 시 유용한 계측점 설정에 도움이 되고자 시행되었다. 40명의 두경부 전산화단층사진을 이용하여 생성한 3차원 영상에서 하악골 형태를 결정짓는 부위로 하악과두, 하악우각부, 하악정중부를 선택하고 각 부위의 세부위치에 따라, 그리고 측정 시 보는 각도에 따라 구분하여 하악과두의 경우Cd<SUB>sup_</SUB><SUB>sup</SUB> 등 6개, 하악우각부의 경우Go<SUB>inf_</SUB><SUB>lat</SUB> 등 10개, 하악정중부의 경우 Me<SUB>_</SUB><SUB>ant</SUB>, Me<SUB>_</SUB><SUB>inf</SUB> 등 총 18개의 계측점을 설정한 후 이를 이용하여 하악골 비대칭 시 좌우 차이를 보일 수 있는 25개의 계측항목을 설정 및 계측한 후 조사자간 및 조사자내의 재현도를 비교 평가하였다. 조사자간 재현도의 경우 25개의 계측항목 중 3개를 제외한 모든 계측항목에서, 조사자내 재현도의 경우 2개 항목을 제외한 모든 계측항목에서 높은 재현도를 보였다. 아울러 본 연구에서 설정한 18개의 계측점 중 Go<SUB>mid_</SUB><SUB>lat</SUB>, Go<SUB>mid_</SUB><SUB>obl</SUB>가 포함된 계측항목이 조사자간 및 조사자내 재현도가 떨어지는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 연구 결과 본 연구에서 사용된 18개의 계측점 중 16개의 계측점 (과두를 나타내는 Cd<SUB>sup_</SUB><SUB>sup</SUB>, Cd<SUB>lat_</SUB><SUB>ant</SUB>, Cd<SUB>lat_</SUB><SUB>lat</SUB>, Cd<SUB>post_</SUB><SUB>lat</SUB>, Cd<SUB>post_</SUB><SUB>post</SUB>, S, 하악우각부를 나타내는 Go<SUB>inf_</SUB><SUB>lat</SUB>, Go<SUB>inf_</SUB><SUB>inf</SUB>, Go<SUB>lat_</SUB><SUB>ant</SUB>, Go<SUB>lat_</SUB><SUB>lat</SUB>, Go<SUB>post_</SUB><SUB>lat</SUB>, Go<SUB>post_</SUB><SUB>post</SUB>, Ag<SUB>_</SUB><SUB>lat</SUB>, Ag<SUB>_</SUB><SUB>inf</SUB>, 하악정중부를 나타내는 Me<SUB>_</SUB><SUB>ant</SUB>, Me<SUB>_</SUB><SUB>inf</SUB>)은 높은 재현도를 보이므로 전산화단층사진을 이용한 하악골 3차원 영상에서 안면비대칭 환자의 진단에 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 시사하였다. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of measurements representing asymmetry of the mandible and to identify which landmarks would be more useful in 3-dimensional (3D) CT imaging.<br> Methods: Facial CT images were obtained from forty normal occlusion individuals. Eighteen landmarks were established from the condyle, gonion, and menton areas, and 25 measurements were constructed to represent asymmetry of the mandible; 8 for ramus length, 12 for mandibular body length, 1 for condylar neck length, 2 for frontal ramal inclination, and 2 for lateral ramal inclination. Inter- and intra-examiner reproducibility of the measurements was evaluated.<br> Results: Inter-examiner reproducibility of the measurements proved to be high except for 3 measurements. Intra-examiner reproducibility also proved to be high except for 2 measurements. Interand intra-examiner reproducibility of the measurements including Gonion proved to be low.<br> Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that the landmarks and measurements constructed in 3D CT images can be used for the diagnosis of facial asymmetry.

칠복음(七福飮)이 Glucose Oxidase에 의해 손상(損傷)된 대뇌피질(大腦皮質) 신경세포(神經細胞)에 미치는 영향(影響)

최공한,박승택,류도곤,최민호,엄상섭,허진영,강성도,고정수,서의석,성은경,조남수,이춘우,황일택,선성규,류영수,Choi, Kong-Han,Park, Seung-Taeck,Ryu, Do-Gon,Choi, Min-Ho,Um, Sang-Sub,Hea, Jin-Young,Kang, Sung-Do,Go, Jeong-Soo,Sou, Eui-Suk,Sung, Yeun-Ky 대한동의생리학회 1999 동의생리학회지 Vol.14 No.2

As the average life span have been lengthened and the rate of senile population have been raised, chronic degenerative diseases incident to aging has been increased rapidly and become a social problem. With this social background, recently, the facts that oxygen radicals(OR) have toxic effects on Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System and cause neuropathy such as Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer Disease have been turned out, and accordingly lots of studies on the mechanism of the toxic effects of OR on nerves, the diseases caused by OR and the approaches to curing the diseases have been made. The purpose of this study is to examine the toxic effects caused by Glucose Oxidase(GO) and the effects of herbal extracts such as Chilbokyeum(CBY) on the treatment of the toxic effects. For this purpose, experiments with the cultured cell from the cerebrums of new born mice were done. The results of these experiments were as follows. 1. GO, a oxygen radical, decreased the survival rate of the cultured cells on NR assay and MTT assay 2. GO, a oxygen radical, increased lipid peroxidation and the amount of LDH. 3. CBY have efficacy of decreasing lipid peroxidation. 4. CBY have efficacy of decreasing the amount of LOH. From the above results, It is concluded that Chilbokyeum has marked efficacy as a treatment for the damages caused in the GO-mediated oxidative process. And Chilbokyeum is thought to have certain pharmacological effects on controlling over aging and treating Dementia. Further clinical study of this pharmacological effects of Chilbokyeum should be complemented.

전산화단층사진을 이용한 하악골 3차원 영상에서 비대칭진단 계측항목의 재현도에 관한 연구

김고운,김재형,이기헌,황현식 대한치과교정학회 2008 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.38 No.5

본 연구는 하악골 3차원 입체영상에서 비대칭계측항목들의 재현도 비교를 통하여 안면비대칭 진단 시 유용한 계측점 설정에 도움이 되고자 시행되었다. 40명의 두경부 전산화단층사진을 이용하여 생성한 3차원 영상에서 하악골 형태를 결정짓는 부위로 하악과두, 하악우각부, 하악정중부를 선택하고 각 부위의 세부위치에 따라, 그리고 측정 시 보는 각도에 따라 구분하여 하악과두의 경우 Cd_(sup_sup) 등 6개, 하악우각부의 경우 Go_(inf_lat) 등 10개, 하악정중부의 경우 Me_(ant), Me_(inf) 등 총 18개의 계측점을 설정한 후 이를 이용하여 하악골 비대칭 시 좌우 차이를 보일 수 있는 25개의 계측항목을 설정 및 계측한 후 조사자간 및 조사자내의 재현도를 비교 평가하였다. 조사자간 재현도의 경우 25개의 계측항목 중 3개를 제외한 모든 계측항목에서, 조사자내 재현도의 경우 2개 항목을 제외한 모든 계측항목에서 높은 재현도를 보였다. 아울러 본 연구에서 설정한 18개의 계측점 중 Go_(mid_lat), Go_(mid_obl)가 포함된 계측항목이 조사자간 및 조사자내 재현도가 떨어지는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 연구 결과 본 연구에서 사용된 18개의 계측점 중 16개의 계측점(과두를 나타내는 Cd_(sup_sup), Cd_(lat_ant), Cd_(lat_lat), Cd_(post_lat), Cd_(post_post), S, 하악우각부를 나타내는 Go_(inf_lat), Go_(inf_inf), Go_(lat_ant),Go_(lat_lat), Go_(post_lat), Go_(post_post), Ag_(lat), Ag_(inf), 하악정중부를 나타내는 Me_(ant), Me_(inf))은 높은 재현도를 보이므로 전산화단층사진을 이용한 하악골 3차원 영상에서 안면비대칭 환자의 진단에 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 시사하였다. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of measurements representing asymmetry of the mandible and to identify which landmarks would be more useful in 3-dimensional (3D) CT imaging. Methods: Facial CT images were obtained from forty normal occlusion individuals. Eighteen landmarks were established from the condyle, gonion, and menton areas, and 25 measurements were constructed to represent asymmetry of the mandible; 8 for ramus length, 12 for mandibular body length, 1 for condylar neck length, 2 for frontal ramal inclination, and 2 for lateral ramal inclination. Inter- and intra-examiner reproducibility of the measurements was evaluated. Results: Inter-examiner reproducibility of the measurements proved to be high except for 3 measurements. Intra-examiner reproducibility also proved to be high except for 2 measurements. Interand intra-examiner reproducibility of the measurements including Gonion proved to be low. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that the landmarks and measurements constructed in 3D CT images can be used for the diagnosis of facial asymmetry.

Synergistic effect of UV and <small>L</small>-ascorbic acid on the reduction of graphene oxide: Reduction kinetics and quantum chemical simulations

Go, Su-Hyeon,Kim, Hyungjun,Yu, Jaesang,You, Nam-Ho,Ku, Bon-Cheol,Kim, Young-Kwan Elsevier 2018 Solid state sciences Vol.84 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A photochemical strategy for eco-friendly reduction of graphene oxide (GO) was developed by using <SMALL>L</SMALL>-ascorbic acid (L-AA) as a photosensitive reducing agent. L-AA was excited and oxidized with deprotonation by UV irradiation (254 nm) and the proton coupled electron transfer induces chemical reduction of GO. This photochemical process is quite eco-friendly and scalable, and the reduction kinetics and degree of GO were highly enhanced. To understand the improved reduction power by UV light, the redox properties of L-AA in the ground and excited states were characterized by using quantum chemical simulations. Based on the results, we clearly demonstrated the mechanism how UV irradiation considerably enhances the reducing power of L-AA for the reduction of GO.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The enhancement of reducing power of <SMALL>L</SMALL>-ascorbic acid by UV irradiation. </LI> <LI> Theoretical investigation of UV-enhanced reducing power of <SMALL>L</SMALL>-ascorbic acid. </LI> <LI> The reduction of graphene oxide by using <SMALL>L</SMALL>-ascorbic acid under UV irradiation. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

석창포(石菖蒲) 전탕액(煎湯液)이 Glucose Oxidase에 의해 손상(損傷)된 대뇌피질(大腦皮質) 신경세포(神經細胞)에 미치는 영향(影響)

최공한,박승택,류도곤,최민호,허진영,강성도,고정수,양상철,성은경,조남수,이춘우,서의석,류영수,Choi, Kong-Han,Park, Seung-Taeck,Ryu, Do-Gon,Choi, Min-Ho,Hea, Jin-Young,Kang, Sung-Do,Go, Jeong-Soo,Yang, Sang-cheal,Sung, Yeun-Kyung,Cho, Nam-Su,L 대한동의생리학회 1999 동의생리학회지 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine the toxic effects caused by Glucose Oxidase(GO) and the effects of herbal extracts such as Acori Rhizoma(AR) on the treatment of the toxic effects. For this purpose, experiments with the cultured cell from the cerebrums of new born mice were done. The results of these experiments were as follows. 1. GO, a oxygen radical, decreased the survival rate of the cultured cells on NR assay and MTT assay. 2. GO, a oxygen radical, decreased the amount of neurofilaments and total protein. 3. AR have efficacy of increasing the amount of neurofilament. 4. AR have efficacy of increasing the amount of total protein. From the above results, It is concluded that AR has marked efficacy as a treatment for the damages caused in the GO-mediated oxidative process. And AR is thought to have certain pharmacological effects on controlling over aging. Further clinical study of this pharmacological effects of AR should be complemented.

淸代 心德潛의 杜甫詩에 대한 認識 考察

고진아 한국외국어대학교 외국문학연구소 2002 외국문학연구 Vol.- No.12

Sim-Duk-Zam (henceforth Sim) made the settlement of theories which are focused on the ethnic values among confucianal poetics. He also inherited the reactive tone of an argument from Chil-za-pa, a school which are made up of seven people, while he established a new style of poetics based on one's character by absorbing Wang Sa Jong's "Sin-Un-Sul", a kind of theory and Jeon-Gum-Ik and Sub-sub's study of poetics. This reactive tone of an argument has been inherited for several hundreds since the end of Song Dynasty. But his poetics has not been attended as much as its importance because his poetics was regarded as a model of feudal poetics. For with all, his "Go-Si-Won", and "O-Jo-Si-Bul-Jae-Jib" have been one of the most frequently referred books. And many theories and various poetics are founded on his poetics which were made at that time. In this study I would like to analyse his importance of Dufu's poetry and the criticism of Dufu's poetry among his study of poetics because the origin and spirit of his poetics are concentrated in the study of Dufu's poetry. Sim is considered the settler of the theory of "Geok-Jo-Sul" And Geok means the correspondence of poetry to the standard And Jo means the correspondence of both rhythm and tone in poetry. It seems that the reactive trend makes him follow the high and old tone and style in poetry. And poetry in the periods of Han, Wi and Tang dynasties are respected as orthodox by Sim. Dufu's poetry are harmonized with the view point of Sim's "Geok-Jo-Sul", because Dufu's poetry have changes as well as follow the tradition. I try to find the origion of Dufu's poetry through Sim's critics of Dufu's poetry whih are modest in satirising people, so to speak "On-Yu-Don-Hu". Sim argues that Dufu's poetry recapitulated the works of the former poets and their origin was in "Pung-Ah" tradition in "Si-Keong" and that the role of Dufu's poetry is realizing "On-Yu-Don-Hu", which means satirising people with modesty, and he also argues that the ground of the formal achievement of Dufu's poetry is in the freedom of style and tone in creating poetry. I select some of Sim's critics about Dufu's poetry to get an objective result because this is apt to be subjective and I also generalize Sim's achievement of his study of Dufu's poetry through three arguments mentioned the above.

국방무기체계 획득절차 발전방향 - 미국 국방획득절차 개선노력을 중심으로 -

고심재,Go, Sim-Jae 한국국방경영분석학회 2005 한국국방경영분석학회지 Vol.31 No.2

During the 'Cold War', DoD had focused on the high performance and timely acquisition which enabled quick field out the superior weapons than the enemy regardless of acquisition cost. But, after the cold war, the focus has been changed to the 'cost effective acquisition' of weapon systems because of tremendous investment cost & economic theory. The U.S. DoD has been tried to make 'the most effective acquisition system'(AR, Acquisition Reform) from mid-80's with their enough experienced program data, and as a result, they had launched the new acquisition procedure - DoD 5000 series - in 1996. DoD is continuously doing the study and making several improvements on the procedure after it had been once announced. On Oct 30. 2002, DoD noticed that they cancelled the DoD 5000 series documents(5000.1, 5000.2, 5000.2-R) and 5000.2-R will be reissued as a guide. The most recent version which focused on 1) evolutionary acquisition and spiral development, 2) procedure for future technology systems including software and IT, 3) supplement on the area of efficiency, flexibility, creativity and innovation of old system was issued by May 12. 2003. This article suggests a 'good idea' based on the reviewing of these DoD efforts for our defense acquisition regulation and procedure to go. It includes the CAIV concept application, IPT utilization, T&E method, cost or price based contract etc-all for the effective acquisition.

Characterizations of four freshwater amoebae including opportunistic pathogens newly recorded in the Republic of Korea

Lee Hyeon Been,Park Jong Soo 한국생태학회 2023 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.47 No.3

Background: Free-living amoebae (FLA) are widely distributed in freshwater, seawater, soil, and extreme environments, and play a critical role as feeders on diverse preys in the ecosystem. Also, some FLA can become opportunistic pathogens in animals including humans. The taxa Amoebozoa and Heterolobosea are important amoeboid groups associated with human pathogens. However, the identification and habitat of amoebae belonging to Amoebozoa and Heterolobosea remain poorly reported in the Republic of Korea. This study highlights the first record for identification and source of four amoebae including putative pathogens in the Republic of Korea. Results: In the present study, four previously reported FLA were isolated from freshwaters in Sangju Gonggeomji Reservoir (strain GO001), one of the largest reservoirs during the Joseon Dynasty period, and along the Nakdong River, the largest river in the Republic of Korea (strains NR5-2, NR12-1, and NR14-1) for the first time. Microscopic observations and 18S rDNA phylogenetic trees revealed the four isolated strains to be Acanthamoeba polyphaga (strains NR5-2 and NR12-1), Tetramitus waccamawensis (strain GO001), and Naegleria australiensis (strain NR14-1). Strains NR5-2 and NR12-1 might be the same species and belonged to the morphological Group 2 and the T4 genotype of Acanthamoeba. Strain GO001 formed a clade with T. waccamawensis in 18S rDNA phylogeny, and showed morphological characteristics similar to previously recorded strains, although the species’ flagellate form was not observed. Strain NR14-1 had the typical morphology of Naegleria and formed a strongly supported clade with previously recorded strains of N. australiensis in phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequences. Conclusions: On the bases of morphological and molecular analyses, four strains of FLA were newly observed and classified in the Republic of Korea. Three strains belonging to the two species (A. polyphaga and N. australiensis) isolated from the Nakdong River have the potential to act as opportunistic pathogens that can cause fatal diseases (i.e. granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, Acanthamoeba Keratitis, and meningoencephalitis) in animals including humans. The Nakdong River in the Republic of Korea may provide a habitat for potentially pathogenic amoebae, but additional research is required to confirm the true pathogenicity of these FLA now known in the Republic of Korea.

Latin Teaching in Poland

Go?ciwit Malinowski 한국서양고전학회 2016 西洋古典學硏究 Vol.55 No.3

Inhabitants of Polish lands began to learn Latin following the conversion of Mieszko I to Christianity in 966. In this early period the teaching of Latin in Polish lands certainly benefited from the experience of the other native Slavs. The first Pole who was said expressis verbis to have known Latin was King Mieszko II. The first author of texts written in Latin was his daughter Gertrude. The spread of knowledge of Latin in Poland beyond the narrow elite took several centuries. At first it was confined to cathedral, collegiate and monastic educational institutions. A turning point for the universality of Latin teaching in Poland came, however, with the development of parish education, which followed on from the end of the thirteenth century, reaching its apogee at the turn of the sixteenth. In the seventeenth century religious orders took upon themselves the weight of education. A retreat from teaching Latin began in the Age of Enlightenment, together with the budding of the French model of education. In 1783 the Commission of National Education abolished educational instruction in Latin, which began to be a taught subject which was intended to serve as a foundation of citizenship for young people, rather than as a means of conversing and learning about subjects in that language. Also in 1783 F. A. Wolf held the first philological seminar in the world at the university in Halle. Neohumanism came to the fore. In the spirit of neohumanism in the years 1809-1810 Wilhelm von Humboldt reformed secondary education in Prussia by founding classical gymnasia. In subsequent years this educational model was adopted in Austria and Russia, and so in all empires which occupied Polish territory. At the turn of the twentieth century the position of classical languages began to weaken when the majority of classical gymnasia were closed down and replaced by actual gymnasia. In a Poland which had been reborn in 1918, the reform in 1932 led to a further reduction in the study of Latin and Greek. After the end of the II world war Poland around 30% of pupils were still able to learn Latin, despite the fact that the study of classical philology was abolished by Communists as reactionary at several universities. In 1967 a further educational reform relegated Latin to the role of optional subjects. The decline of the role of Latin in public schools coincided with the waning of Latin in liturgical contexts and in the everyday life of the Catholic Church. After 1989 along with the implosion of the totalitarian system the Latin teaching disintegrated almost completely. The grouping of the post-Communists and the liberal left, which dominated in Poland during the years 1989-2015 and preached the need for rapid modernization at any cost, was not remotely interested in the teaching of Latin in schools. The decline of Latin in Polish schools is especially evident in the context of school-level education in other European countries, Italy (where 76% of lyceum students learn Latin), Austria (34%), Germany (32%), Flanders (24%) and finally France (13%). Between 2010 and 2015 the percentage of lyceum students studying Latin in Poland fell from 5.7% to barely 2.5%.