Decreased birth weight after prenatal exposure to wildfires on the eastern coast of Korea in 2000

En-Joo Jung,Ah-Young Lim,Jong-Hun Kim 한국역학회 2022 Epidemiology and Health Vol.45 No.-

OBJECTIVES: In April 2000, a series of wildfires occurred simultaneously in five adjacent small cities located on the eastern coast of Korea. These wildfires burned approximately 23,794 hectares of forestland over several days. We investigated the effects of prenatal exposure to the by-products generated by wildfire disasters on birth weight. METHODS: Birth weight data were obtained for 1999-2001 from the birth registration database of the Korean National Statistical Office and matched with the zip code and exposed/unexposed pregnancy week for days of the wildfires. Generalized linear models were then used to assess the associations between birth weight and exposure to wildfires after adjusting for fetal sex, gestational age, parity, maternal age, maternal education, paternal education, and average exposed atmospheric temperature. RESULTS: Compared with unexposed pregnancies before and after the wildfires, mean birth weight decreased by 41.4 g (95% confidence interval [CI], -72.4 to -10.4) after wildfire exposure during the first trimester, 23.2 g (95% CI, -59.3 to 13.0) for exposure during the second trimester, and 27.0 g (95% CI, -63.8 to 9.8) during the third trimester. In the adjusted model for infants exposed in utero during any trimester, the mean birth weight decreased by 32.5 g (95% CI, -53.2 to -11.7). CONCLUSIONS: We observed a 1% reduction in birth weight after wildfire exposure. Thus, exposure to by-products generated during a wildfire disaster during pregnancy may slow fetal growth and cause developmental delays.

Alcohol Consumption and Mortality in the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort Study

Jung, En-Joo,Shin, Ae-Sun,Park, Sue-K.,Ma, Seung-Hyun,Cho, In-Seong,Park, Bo-Young,Lee, Eun-Ha,Chang, Soung-Hoon,Shin, Hai-Rim,Kang, Dae-Hee,Yoo, Keun-Young The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2012 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.45 No.5

Objectives: To examine the association between alcohol consumption habit, types of beverages, alcohol consumption quantity, and overall and cancer-specific mortality among Korean adults. Methods: The alcohol consumption information of a total of 16 320 participants who were 20 years or older from the Korean Multicenter Cancer Cohort were analyzed to examine the association between alcohol consumption habit and mortality (median follow-up of 9.3 years). The Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of alcohol consumption to mortality adjusting for age, sex, geographic areas, education, smoking status, and body mass index. Results: Alcohol drinkers showed an increased risk for total mortality compared with never drinkers (HR, 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38 to 2.14 for past drinkers; HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.39 for current drinkers), while past drinkers only were associated with higher risk for cancer deaths (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.34 to 2.53). The quantity of alcohol consumed per week showed a J-shaped association with risk of mortality. Relative to light drinkers (0.01 to 90 g/wk), never drinkers and heavy drinkers (>504 g/wk) had an increased risk for all-cause and cancer deaths: (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.45) and (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.83) for all-cause mortality; and (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.11) and (HR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.39 to 3.09) for all cancer mortality, respectively. Heavy drinkers (>504 g/wk) showed an elevated risk for death from stomach and liver cancers. Conclusions: The present study supports the existence of a J-shaped association between alcohol consumption quantity and the risk of all-cause and cancer deaths. Heavy drinkers had an increased risk of death from cancer overall and liver and stomach cancer.

Alcohol Consumption and Mortality in the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort Study

En-Joo Jung,신애선,Sue K. Park,마승현,조인성,박보영,이은하,장성훈,신해림,강대희,유근영 대한예방의학회 2012 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.45 No.5

Objectives: To examine the association between alcohol consumption habit, types of beverages, alcohol consumption quantity, and overall and cancer-specific mortality among Korean adults. Methods: The alcohol consumption information of a total of 16 320 participants who were 20 years or older from the Korean Multicenter Cancer Cohort were analyzed to examine the association between alcohol consumption habit and mortality (median follow-up of 9.3 years). The Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of alcohol consumption to mortality adjusting for age, sex, geographic areas, education, smoking status, and body mass index. Results: Alcohol drinkers showed an increased risk for total mortality compared with never drinkers (HR, 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38 to 2.14 for past drinkers; HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.39 for current drinkers), while past drinkers only were associated with higher risk for cancer deaths (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.34 to 2.53). The quantity of alcohol consumed per week showed a J-shaped association with risk of mortality. Relative to light drinkers (0.01 to 90 g/wk), never drinkers and heavy drinkers ( >504 g/wk) had an increased risk for all-cause and cancer deaths: (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.45) and (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.83) for all-cause mortality; and (HR,1.55; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.11) and (HR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.39 to 3.09) for all cancer mortality, respectively. Heavy drinkers (>504 g/wk) showed an elevated risk for death from stomach and liver cancers. Conclusions: The present study supports the existence of a J-shaped association between alcohol consumption quantity and the risk of all-cause and cancer deaths. Heavy drinkers had an increased risk of death from cancer overall and liver and stomach cancer.

실험적으로 유발된 흰쥐의 신경병변성 동통에 대한 운동치료의 효과

이상헌,양정훈,송은범,강윤규,김세주,나흥식,홍승길 大韓再活醫學會 1999 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.23 No.2

Interaction of Body Mass Index and Diabetes as Modifiers of Cardiovascular Mortality in a Cohort Study

마승현,박보영,양재정,En-Joo Jung,Yohwan Yeo,황윤지,장성훈,신해림,강대희,유근영,박수경 대한예방의학회 2012 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.45 No.6

Objectives: Diabetes and obesity each increases mortality, but recent papers have shown that lean Asian persons were at greater risk for mortality than were obese persons. The objective of this study is to determine whether an interaction exists between body mass index (BMI) and diabetes, which can modify the risk of death by cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: Subjects who were over 20 years of age, and who had information regarding BMI, past history of diabetes, and fasting blood glucose levels (n=16 048), were selected from the Korea Multi-center Cancer Cohort study participants. By 2008, a total of 1290 participants had died; 251 and 155 had died of CVD and stroke, respectively. The hazard for deaths was calculated with hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) by Cox proportional hazard model. Results: Compared with the normal population, patients with diabetes were at higher risk for CVD and stroke deaths (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.33 to 2.56; HR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.76; respectively). Relative to subjects with no diabetes and normal BMI (21 to 22.9 kg/m2), lean subjects with diabetes (BMI <21 kg/m2) had a greater risk for CVD and stroke deaths (HR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.57 to 5.09; HR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.58 to 6.76; respectively), while obese subjects with diabetes (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) had no increased death risk (p-interaction <0.05). This pattern was consistent in sub-populations with no incidence of hypertension. Conclusions: This study suggests that diabetes in lean people is more critical to CVD deaths than it is in obese people.

In Korean Women, High Plasma Level of Enterolactone Reduces Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and This Effect is Enhanced in Equol-Producers

Kwang-Pil Ko,En-Joo Jung,Younjhin Ahn,Seon-Joo Park,Young-Khi Lim 건강기능식품미래포럼 2022 건강기능식품미래포럼 학술지 Vol.2 No.4

Diabetes, if left untreated, can cause many health complications. Type 2 diabetes is known to be primarily due to lifestyle and thus, efforts have been made to reduce its risk by diet particularly of vegetables containing various antioxidants. In the present study, this possibility was investigated by examining association between the plasma level of enterolactone, a metabolite of food lignans and the risk of type 2 diabetes and the association was compared between producers and non-producers of equol, a metabolite of soy isoflavone. The study population was composed of 693 cases and 698 matched controls within the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study. Logistic regression models were used to compute the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Stratified analysis was done to examine the association between plasma enterolactone concentration and risk of type 2 diabetes, and then, this association was examined in terms of sex and status of equol producing ability. In female, compared with the reference level, a marginally significant risk reduction was found at the highest concentration of enterolactone (for the highest category: OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.46–1.01). In equol producers among women, the highest concentration of enterolactone significantly decreased the risk of type 2 diabetes (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.34–0.96). In equol non-producers among women, however, the concentration of enterolactone was not associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. In male, enterolactone concentration was not associated with risk of type 2 diabetes regardless of equol producing status. In conclusion, high plasma concentrations of enterolactone were associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes particularly, in equol producing female.

Risk Factors and Control Strategies for the Rapidly Rising Rate of Breast Cancer in Korea

박수경,Yeonju Kim,강대희,En-Joo Jung,유근영 한국유방암학회 2011 Journal of breast cancer Vol.14 No.2

Due to the aging population and tremendous changes in life style over the past decades, cancer has been the leading cause of death in Korea. The incidence rate of breast cancer is the second highest in Korea, and it has shown an annual increase of 6.8% for the past 6 years. The major risk factors of breast cancer in Korean women are as follows: Early menarche, late menopause, late full-term pregnancy (FTP), and low numbers of FTP. Height and body mass index increased the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women only. There are ethnic variations in breast cancer due to the differences in genetic susceptibility or exposure to etiologic agent. With the epidemiological evidences on the possibility of further increase of breast cancer in Korea, the Korean Government began implementing the National Cancer Screening Program against breast cancer in 2002. Five-year survival rates for female breast cancer have improved significantly from 78.0% in early 1993-1995 to 90.0% in 2004-2008. This data indicate that improvement of the survival rate may be partially due to the early diagnosis of breast cancer as well as the increased public awareness about the significance of early detection and organized cancer screening program. The current pri- mary prevention programs are geared towards strengthening national prevention campaigns. In accordance with the improvement in 5-year survival rate, the overall cancer mortality has started to decrease. However, breast cancer death rate and incidence rates are still increasing, which need further organized effort by the Korean Government.

女性公務員에 대한 實態調査

박순영,오용,유은주,유재경,정남옥 이화여자대학교 법정대학 정치외교학과 1975 정치외교연구 Vol.3 No.-

1. 여성공무원은 20∼25세의 젊은 층이 많았다. 2. 여성공무원은 미혼의 여성이 대부분이며 미혼일 경우는 일반적으로 부친의 직업이 불안정하며 기혼여성의 남편은 대부분이 공무원, 회사원이었다. 3. 여성공무원들은 대부분 고졸이상이며 대학졸업이상은 고졸이상의 반수를 넘지 못하고 있었다. 4. 직급은 5급 을류가 대부분으로 여성공무원은 대부분 하급공무원이며 고급공무원(3급 이상)은 5명에 불과 하였다. 5. 채용에 있어서는 추천이 대부분이고 추천의 경우는 대졸이상인 경우가 고졸이상보다 더 많다. 공개시험으로 채용된 사람은 정규직이 대부분이나 서류전형, 추천은 고용직, 임시직이 대부분을 차지하고 있었다. 6. 채용시 특혜를 바라는 공무원은 공개시험으로 채용된 여성은 필요없다고 하고 있었다. 사류전형에 의한 여성공무원이며, 특혜를 원하고 있었다. 특혜는 시험성적보다는 여성끼리의 경쟁으로 하기를 바라고 있었다. 7. 직무내용에 있어서는 행정적 업무가 반수를 차지하고 대부분이 기술적 업무나 비서직에 머물고 있다. 8. 근속연한은 3년미만이 대부분이다. 9. 여성공무원들은 대부분 자기의 부처에 대해 관심을 갖고 있으나 근무처에 대부분의 여성공무원이 불만을 가지고 있다. 특히 대학졸업 이상인 경우가 더 많은 불만을 가지고 있다. 10. 근무처에 만족하지 않는 큰 이유는 보수와 승진의 제한에 있으며 업무의 불만은 상관에게 직접 호소하고 있다. 그러나 아직도 많은 여성공무원들은 그들의 불만을 해소하기 보다는 단념한다. 11. 자기가 맡은 업무에 대한 열성도는 보통이다. 12. 현 여성공무원들은 여성에게 적합한 직무가 창의적인 능력을 요구하는 업무나 감독업무보다는 단순 반복적인 업무라고 생각하고 있다. 13. 여성과 남성을 비교하여 업무수행의 장, 단점에서 장점은 여성이 남성보다 성실하고 세심하게 일하며 분위기 조성을 잘한다고 생각하며 단점은 야성이 남성과 차별대우를 받는다고 생각한다. 14. 업무수행에서 대졸이상일 경우는 전문적 지식을 요구하고 있고 공개채용된 사람보다 서류전형으로 채용된 사람이 기술이나 전문적 지식이 필요하다고 보고 있었다. 15. 업무수행상 법률적 지식이 필요한 경우는 꼭 필요한 경우보자는 신속성이 있는 것이 더 좋다고 하고 있었다. 16. 전문적 업무에 종사하는 공무원이 기술적 업무나 행정적 업무에 종사하는 공무원보다 법률적 지식을 더 필요로 하고 있었다. 17. 고급관리가 하급관리들보다 법률적 지식을 더 필요로 하고 있었다. 18. 업무수행상 불쾌한 일이 생기는 경우는 대인관계에서 생기는 경우로 가장 높은 비율을 보이고 있다. 19. 여성공무원들의 신분보장은 조금씩은 되고 있으나 확실히 되고 있다고 자신하는 사람은 극히 마약하다. 20. 신분보장이 안되는 이유를 여성공무원들은 대부분이 충분한 보수를 받고 있지 않다고 들고 있다. 21. 직무수행상 여성공무원들이 느끼는 애로점은 가정 사정이나 능력 부족 보다는 남녀차별에 의한 인사관리상의 문제였다. 22. 여성공무원이 장기근무하지 못하는 이유는 결혼 및 가정생활이 단연 우세하다. 23. 직무수행에 있어 협력이 잘되는 경우는 여성끼리보다는 여성과 남성이 함께 일 할 때였다. 그들은 여성공무원들이 될 사람들에게 책임, 성실, 협동, 인내, 참여의식을 갖기를 바라고 있었다. 24. 그들은 교육기관에 교양, 상식 및 법률, 실시(타자), 어학(한문)등을 여성공무원이 될 사람들에게 가르치기를 원하고 있었다. 25. 여성공무원들은 직무수행에 대한 포상보다는 상관이나 동료직원들이 그들의 직무수행을 인정할 때 더 열심히 일하고 싶어한다. 26. 여성의 대우상에 대한 난점은 여성에 대한 편견이 절대적이며 승진과 보직의 차별도 중시하고 있다. 27. 추천, 서류전형으로 채용된 여성공무원이 공개시험으로 채용된 여성 공무원보다 여성에 대한 편견을 난점으로 들고 있었다. 28. 남성공무원과 동등하게 능력개발을 위한 훈련을 시키지 않고 있다고 하고 있었다. 29. 인사행정이 비교적 공정하다고 하고 있으나 그들은 대부분 불공정하거나 또는 모른다고 하고 있었다. 30. 그들은 근무성적을 책임감과 적극성으로 평가해주기를 원한다. 31. 여성공무원들은 각 부처에서 그들 자신을 대부분 대체로 좋게 평가하여 주거나 보통 알아준다고 말하고 있었다. 32. 여성공무원의 수가 적당하거나 너무 적다고 말한 사람이 대부분으로 아직도 여성 공무원의 수는 부족하다. 33. 그들은 공무원이 되면서 국민에게 봉사하는 것보다는 보수로 휴가를 얻어 생활을 즐기거나 전공지식 활용을 하기를 원하고 있었다. 34. 그들이 가장 가고 싶은 행정부처는 외무부, 문교부, 재무부, 총무부, 보사부, 상공부의 순으로 나타났다. 35. 그들은 공무원 생활에 때때로 보람을 느끼고 있었다. 36. 그들은 여성공무원에게 적합한 퇴직연령이 30세 미만이라고 하고 있으며 적합한 최고 직책은 국장이나 장·차관이상이라고 하고 있었다. 37. 그들은 여성공무원의 지위향상을 위한 독립된 조직이 절대로 필요하다고 하고 있었다.

PMN - PZT 세라믹을 사용한 압전트랜스포머 제작과 특성

류주현,손은영,류규현,윤현상,정회승 ( Joo Hyun Yoo,En Young Son,Gyu Hyun Yoo,Hyun Sang Yoon,Whoe Sueng Jung ) 한국전기전자재료학회 1997 한국전기전자재료학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.1997 No.1

열병합 증류계의 제어

김석준,주은정,박선원 ( Suk Joon Kim,En Jung Joo,Sun Won Park ) 한국화학공학회 1995 화학공학의이론과응용 Vol.1 No.1