수면량과 집중력의 상관관계

김병우,류지근,박우진,박계원,김미정,임지은,백대현,최재덕,최윤호,이가현,이관,김덕수 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2002 東國醫學 Vol.9 No.1

수면, 기억 그리고 학습의 연관성은 실제 매우 복잡하다. 많은 연구에도 불구하고 명확한 연구결과는 아직 없다. 우리는 이 연구에서 평소와는 달리 시험 전날 수면 변화 양상이 집중력에 어느 정도 영향력을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였고, 이를 이용해 효율적인 수면 관리를 할 수 있는 기초자료로 삼고자 하였다. 동국대 의대 본과 1학년생 중 지원자 30명과 본과 2학년생 10명을 대상으로 평상시 상태와 시험 직후 수면이 부족한 상태에서 각각 K-PES TEST를 실시하여 총 8항목에 걸쳐 암기력, 판단력, 단순반응의 변화정도를 검사하였다. 또 설문조사를 병행하여 결과에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 다른 인자들도 파악하였다. 수면량에 대한 부호 숫자 짝짓기(순간 판단력)을 검사한 결과, 인간의 최대 생리학적 기능은 꼭 수면부족에 의해 좌우되는 것은 아니다. 그러나, 수면감소는 피로를 증가시키고, 동기부여를 감소시키나 단, 새로운 사실을 학습하는 데에는 큰 영향을 끼치지 않는다. 즉, 수면부족으로 장시간 깨어있는 것은 정확성과 반응성을 떨어뜨린다. 흡연에 대한 부호 숫자 짝짓기(순간 판단력)을 검사한 결과, 니코틴의 수면에 대한 상호관계는 알려지지 않았고, 인간의 감정이나 의식, 인식에 영향을 주는 것으로 알고있지만, 장기적은 측면에서 흡연이나 알코올은 인식능력과 무관한 것 같다. 카페인에 대한 숫자 외우기(암기력)검사 결과, 카페인은 spacial selective attention에는 특별한 영향을 주지 않지만 지각과정이나 주의 집중에 큰 효과를 주며, 인간의 의식 수행에 긍정적인 효과를 준다. 즉 카페인은 활력, 혼란, 피로상태를 변화시키고 visual analog scales에서 휴식상태에 가까운 양상을 나타낸다. 또 48시간 동안 수면을 취하지 않은 사람에게 카페인은 집중력과 장시간의 좋은 기분을 유지하게 하였다. 그러나 규칙적, 비규칙적으로 먹는 사람간에는 인지수행력의 차이를 보이지 않으며 상용자에서는 상당한 내성이 보인다. 수면패턴에 대한 숫자 더하기(순간 판단력)검사 결과, 집중력은 수면패턴에 의해서도 영향을 받고, 수면패턴이 바뀌게 되면 순간판단력을 저하시킨다. This study was performed to evaluate relationship of sleep and attention, and to control sleep effectively. We conducted a K-PES test of 40 medical students. K-PES contains eight elements, for example, simple response, selective response, color pairing, OddEven discrimination, number addition, number-symbol matching, memory, right-tapping, left tapping. Through these, we tested changes of memory, judgement, simple response. And we conducted a questionnaire survey to exclude bias. Results are as follows. As a results of number-symbol matching test, we know that sleeplessness is not complete responsible for physiologic function for humans. But, decreased sleep increases fatigue and decreases motivation, but no influence on learning new materials. So, long term sleeplessness decreases precision and responsibility. As a results of number-symbol matching test on smoking, a relationship of nicotine and sleep is not certain. A point of view in long term period, smoking and drinking is not related cognition, even if we know that those influence mood, consciousness and cognition. As a results of memory work test on caffeine, caffeine does not influence spacial selective attention, but mainly does perception, attention and consiousness process. Namely caffeine changes energetic activities, chaos, fatigue states and shows resting state in visual analog scales In sleeplessness for 48 hours, caffeine produced attention and good mood for a long time. But, in case of cognitive process no significance shows in regular or irregular diet. Regular diet shows high resistance. As a results of number addition test on sleep patterns, seep patterns influence attention, changes of sleep patterns decrease a moment judgement.

급성신부전증 이환견에 대한 복막투석 치료 1례

김건우,이병희,김유수,심재현,김지용,이영원,김덕환,송근호 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2004 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-

A fourteen-month-old intact female Poodle was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University. The patient was presented with history of vomiting, inappetence, ataxia, insomnia, tachypnea and convulsion for 5 days. Biochemical examination revealed BUN (254.2 mg/dl), creatinine (9.22 mg/dl) and phosphate (14 mg/dl). Epithelial cells of urinary tract, neutrophils, macrophages, a large number of gram negative and smaller number of gram positive bacteria were presented on urine test. Ultrasonographic findings show hyperechogenic kidney and indistinguishableness of renal cortex and medulla. Based on the results of examination described above, this case was diagnosed as acute renal failure with interstitial nephritis by urinary tract infection (UTI). Treatments with fluids therapy, diuretics, and peritoneal dialysis during hospitalization showed good results with no clinical signs.

개에서 발생한 폐수종의 치료 증례

김유수,심재현,김건우,김지용,이병희,송근호,이영원,김덕환 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2004 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-

A 9 months intact male American bull dog with chief complaints of dry cough, dyspnea and fever was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Chungnam National University. Based on the findings of physical examination, radiological examination, and blood and blood chemical examinations, the present patient was diagnosed into pulmonary edema secondary to primary bacterial and aspiration pneumonia. The patient was hospitalized and treated with buscopan, cephazolin and furosemide for 1 week. His activity and appetite was returned to normal and thoracic radiographs revealed that Jung was recovered to the normal condition after treatment for 7 days. The present patient was a case with pulmonary edema showed favorable therapeutic responses to proper medication.

所有權理念의 變遷과 그에 비친 人間像에 대한 考察

金又德 新羅大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.18 No.-

The is of ownership is a representative element speaking for all the political, economic, social and cultural structures and situations of the age. Therefore, in order to study the process of social changes it is necessary to study how the idea of ownership has been changed according to the age and how the image of human beings has been reflected on the age. Furthermore, individual or libral thought of the 18th and 19th century went through great changes in the 20th century, and modern discovery of human beings exposed much contradiction in the 20th century, and finally it came to undergo revision. If we call the 18th and 19th century the age of individual or character, we can call the 29th century that of human beings. The image of human beings in the 18th and 19th century was abstract, universal and transcendental, but that of the 20th century is concrete, individual and experimental. Accordingly, man has discovered 'society' which was not discovered in modern ages and 'human relationship' on the basis of individual. Consequently, the modern view of law should be at once 'individual and physical view of human beings.' In the idea of ownership, in like manner, its ideal basis should be both sided-individuality frankly admitting the selfish instinct of human beings and sociality added to it. In conclusion, man is not an individual animal, nor is he a social, but an animal that has both individuality and sociality.

中央 ㆍ地方政府間의 事務配分에 관한 法的 考察

金又德,柳在賢 新羅大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.41 No.1

This study analyzes the relationship between the central and local government, with a specific focus on the allocation of functions performed by the two different levels of government. It is assumed that this study has a significant contribution to our understanding of the role of government in general and of the many functions performed by the two authorities in particular. Moreover, there is an increasing need to clarify the relationship as we are facing a new system of local autonomy in the very near future. This study regards to provide theoretical, legal and methodological basis on the allocation of functions between the central and local government, and to explore the relevant approach in Korean situation. Above purposes can be obtained as suggestions by analyzing the legal cases and experiences of several nations on the allocation of functions, and as results by analyzing the feature in the case of Korea. As focuses on the case of Korea, this study can find a few important negative characteristics seen in the administrative relations between the central and local government. First of all, the functional divisions of governmental activities in Korea are very ambiguous and the delegated activities from the central to local government is somewhat over-loaded. This gives a sign of the meticulous control, supervision, and direction to the local government from the strong central government. All in all, it means that there are not so much divisions of administrative power between the central and local government. To be more specific, we may conclude the following characteristics : 1. There are too much regulatory functions asigned to the local authorities. 2. The tool of administration mainly depends on the state power, that is the coersive or compulsory means of administration prevail. 3. The legal basis of the administrative enforcement seems lacking. 4. Especially from the point of view of the local government, administrative functions performed by the local government in the field of social welfare, rather than in the field of general administration, industry and economy, seem to show a relatively low level. Of course this remains a major problem for the local government to deal with under the new system of local autonomy. From the above discussion, the following conclusionary remarks are possible. First of all, a change of perspective toward the relationship between the two governmental entities should be introduced in order to have a reformed or better functional divisions of governmental activities. Most of all, it may be necessary to point out here that there cannot be an absolute principle regarding the functional divisions. In addition, the top-down or top-to-bottom hierarchical command system of central government should also be avoided for the betterment of the administrative relations. The points further allow us to present a few final suggestions : 1. In the realm of the functional allocation of administration, "inclusive-indicative" orientation should be changed toward a more concrete form of allocation of governmental functions. 2. A strategy to strengthen the cooperation and clarifying the functional division must be achieved in order to effectively solving the common goals of administrative tasks that now seem increasing ever more. 3. It may be necessary to make a new legal basis in the form of 'The Law of Intergovernment Proceedings and Relations'. 4. There needs a wide range of change in the functional division of administration to make the system work more efficiently. In specific, many overlapping functions performed by both the the central and local government should be cleared away, many administrative regulations or red-tapes must be suspended in order to increase the basis of competitiveness of industries and private economy in general, and many formalized administrative permissions that may not be necessary, if not for the sake of formality, should also be ended.

前近代的 養子制度에 관한 硏究 : 現行民法을 中心으로

金又德 新羅大學校 1987 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

(1) After-death-adoption(死後養子) system, being a typical example of a family-oriented adopting system, one may regard adoption after the adopter's death who was taken as a principal of the status action. A family(家)-oriented adopting system lies far from the ideal of modern adopting systems. Thus Korea's Adoption of Children Act should be shifted to a child-oriented system which favors children's welfare. It would then be a logical consequence to forbid adopting after the adopter's death. It is widely agreed that succession of property is not accessible but Succession of familyholdership to one who is adopted posthumously. The practical validity of posthumous adoption is dubious in this respect. (2) Interpretive questions arise as there is no explicit provision requlating whether an adopted child is to be assimilated to its adopter with respect to its family name and its place of origin(本). In opposition to the theory that the child holds its original family name based upon the conventional preservation principle of family names, there is a positive theory that the adoptee's surname has to be assimilated to the adopter's even in the absence of explicit provisions as necessitated by the principle of the Same Surname in family(781. 1). In my opinion, current civil law assumes that names remain unchanged. The Special Example of Adoption Act provides an express provision. But in all the cases where a spurious report on birth replaces the practical report on adoption, my opinion has everything in comon with the positive theory. (3) Current Civil Code provides the possibility of adopting a son-in-law. While a majority takes it adequate and in line with the Equality of Both Sexes Principle, I do not think it is adequate. It is far less practical from the point of view that the children of the adopted son-in-law take on his father's family name as well as his place of origin than a son-in-law by marriage into the family. And it is against Korean's way of thinking as it makes a man's adoptive parents and parents-in-law and real parents at the same time to the man's wife as well as making a man stand in the relation of husband to his sister-in-law. Hence it needs to be abolished. (4) Modern adoption law have an object that poor children who don't have their own home and family should grow under the wing of their beloved parents and at same time adults who don't have their own babies have their beloved children. But traditional adoption of Korea is much far from such an aim. For these reasons full adoption system, from this viewpoint, is, I think, the best for the persons want adopted child and the children to be adopted.

朝鮮時代의 養子制度에 關한 考察

金又德 新羅大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

Since our country traditionally maintained a large patriarchal family system, the family standard adoption has been the source of adoption system and this trend has been deepened by the introduction of the rules and regulations of a sect system in the Yi dinasty. The rules and regulations of a sect were originally an established system based on the lineage of both sexes in order to take good care of ancestral rites and to control the lineal consanquinity in the Chou dinasty, an ancient country of China. This system was introduced into our country as an adopted low of the Ming dinasty along with the introduction of Confucianism. The Adoption Laws of the Yi dinatsy were under the drastic control of the rules and regulations of sects, and consequently they needed a strict requisite of the same family name adoption for the succession of ancestral rites. This system became a tradition and has much influence on our country since then. On the other hand, we should take notice of the existence of personal adoption system regardlers of the rules and regulations of sects. Until the end of the Koryo dinasty before the establishment of drastic rules and regulations of sects, a different family name adoption was permitted. In the Yi dinasty, apart from heir adoption, conventions of foster adoption which was a different family name adoption were observed. In view of such adoption having been an adoption system for adopted parents or adopted children, it is verd significant to find out the source of modern adoption system in the adoption system of the Yi dinasty.

民法上의 夫婦財産關係에 대한 考察

金又德 新羅大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

It is a general tendency that modern family-consciousness is change and substantial guarantee of equality of sexes as well as abolition of sexual discrimination are being requested. Especially, when we compare housewives` social standing and their roles with property relations, two problems are on the rise. In the first place, according as working women of middle aged house wives are increasing in number, couples working together for a living are increasing in number. In the second place, there is a strong request that domestic labor, that is, domestic labor and nurture of housewives, should be rated equally with social labor. In case of the first, since the housewife has the opportunity to make a fortune through her social activity, there is a strong request that she must have rights of disposition of property as well as ownership of property. In case of the second, whatever nature of activity of couple may be in a married life, there is another strong request that the property gained during married life should be common property of the couple because the work done by human beings has the same value. In case these requests are regalized, there may come into being a little contradiction. It is the purpose of this stndy low well harmonize these requests and regalize property relations of married couples.

代理母契約에 대한 獨逸의 最近 動向

김우덕,송영민 新羅大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.42 No.1

Das Bedurfnis des Menschen fur die Rassenbewahrung sind mit der vielfaltigen Arten fur die Unfruchtbarkeitpflege entwickelt. Der erste Versuch fur dies ist die kunstliche Befruchtung durch das Spermatizoon der dritten Person(sog. AID) statt des Gatten', die seit der letsten Halfte 1930 in Gebrauch genommen halben. Es ist jetzt noch die ethische religiose sozialische Kritik und den Widerstand in diesen Probleme unterzogen, aber hat indessen durch die Theorien, Prazedenzien und Gesetzgebung der europaischen Staaten als gesetzlich anerkennt. Obwohl die kunstlichen Befruchtung oder Korperaubensbefruchtung war, die das Unfruchbarkeitsploblem unzulosende Eheleute die Adoptionsart ausgewahlt, damit die Geburt durch die Ersatzmutter, die leidenschaftliche Debatte hervorruft, entsteht. Es gibt die beide Art in der Geburt durch die Ersatzmutter, jedenfalls ist es um die Wirkung auf das Standverhaltniss mit ihren Sohn und den Ersatzmuttervertrag. Jede Staaten ergreifen vielfaltiglich gegen diese Lage durch die Gesetzgebung und Prazedenzien. Aber nachdem Korea die erfolglich Falle der Schwangerschaft durch die Ersatzmutter von letzen Dez. 1989 veroffentlichen hatte, wurde es in der Gesellschaft von Korea vorausieht, daB Ersatzmuttervertrag zur Ausfuhrung brigen. Daher wollen wir die neuen deutschen Tendenzen, die dieses Plobleme losen konnen, in diesser Dissertation behandeln. Inhaltlich Ⅰ. Einleitung Ⅱ. Der GegenmaBregelstand auf das Ersatmutterploblem und die Bestimmung des Ersatzmuttersbegriffs Ⅲ. Wirkung der Ersatzmuttervertrag Ⅳ. SchliBfolgerung In der Wirkung der Ersatzmuttervertrag(Ⅲ) wird besonders die Entscheidung des Obergericht von Deutschland am 2. Dez. 1985 uber die Wirkung und den Rechtscharakter der Ersatzmuttervertrag erwahnt. uber die Rechtswirkung der Ersatzmuttervertrags haben im Hinsicht auf den Bereih der Privatautonomie(i), Art. 134 BGB(ii) ind Art. 138 Abs. 1(iii) diskutiert. When auch die Wirksamkeit oder ZNichtigkeit des Ersatzmuttervertrags debattiert wird, die Einschatzung der Wirksamkeit und Nichtigkeit ist die Voraussetzung fur die Losung der von der Ersatzmutter entstechende Rivalitat und Schadenersatzproblem. Also uberprufen wir in der SchluBfolgerung die Notwendigkeit und Losung der Rechtsregelung vom Ersatzmuttervertrag.

진공증착중합법에 의해 제조된 PMDA / 4,4'-DDE 폴리이미드의 내열 특성

김형권,이은학,우호환,김종석,이덕출 (사단법인)韓國火災 ·消防學會 1996 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.10 No.3

The Polyimide thin films based on PMDA and 4,4'-DDE were fabricated by VDPM, and their heat resistance characteristics were invastigated by TGA(Thermogaravimetry Analyzer). It was found that deposition rate decreased with increasing substrate temperature and the thin films were not fabricated over the substrate temperature of 70℃. T_TG of 5% weight loss temperature is 565℃, 397℃ and 210℃ at the substrate temperature of 20℃, 40℃ and 70℃, respectively. It is realized that the endurace temperature for 20,000 hour of thin films fabricated at 20℃ and 40℃ is 230℃ and 200℃, respectively.