A Study on Korean Products Distribution through Overseas Purchasing in China

Dai,Wen-Qian,Lee,Jong-Ho 한국유통과학회 2019 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2019 No.-

Nowadays, Korean products are prevailing all over the world. Especially in China they including cosmetics, clothes, etc. are very popular. But because of THAAD, China s people can t go or travel to Korea. Instead of travelling Korea, they usually make use of overseas direct purchasing with the booming in current online shopping. Ironically, in spite of bad conditions, they used to buy Korean cosmetics by way of overseas purchasing . Therefore the revenue on Korean cosmetics is growing up more and more. According to the results, first, the security, convenience and information provided by the overseas direct purchase have already had a positive impact on the satisfaction. Second, the quality of the delivery service is composed of four factors: rapidity, reliability, intimacy and correctness. third, the research results indicate that the satisfaction level has a positive impact on the re-purchase intention.

판소리와 敍事巫歌의 對比硏究

徐大錫 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1979 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.34 No.-

Both 'Pansori' and Korean Shamanistic Narrative Songs (SNS) share a common point " in that they are both forms of' oral narrative verse. However the former has been transmitted by professional singers, or 'Kwang Dai" and the latter, by Korean Shamans through their rituals. This study compared and contrasted 'Pansori' with SNS based upon the following four view points: 1. The characteristics of literary genre 2. The form of oral performance 3. The structure of the script 4. The composition style of the script The results of the study are as follows : 1. Pansori is a form of musical art which uses musical tones corresponding to a song's literary contents and SNS is the same in that sense. But in SNS, the verbal content play a major role which the musical tones and feelings play a relatively minor role. 2. SNS has two forms of oral performance, the recitative type and musical play (singing)type, similar to that of Pansori'. The early form of oral performance of 'Pansori' was similar to the recitative type. It seems that development has been made from recitative to musical play (singing)similar to that of SNS history. SNS has originated from shamanistic myths. The recitative type has been used to call the spirit of god in the rituals. The recitative type, however, has been decreasing as the worship for the Shamanistic god decreased. To singing type, in the meantime, has become increasingly popular. 3. In 'Pansori' both ordinary speech and singing are used interchangeable. Originally, the recitative performance was a proper form of oral performance bur the present varieties have been developed to entertain the audience. The musical play of SNS uses the same technique as does 'Pasori'. 4. 'Pansori' sings 'kwang Dai' composed the oral text using ready made literary units such as folksongs, magic formulas, and others as did the shamans. Singers had to depend upon their memory and verbally improvised new items, The principle of composition of Korean Oral Narrative Verse seems identical to that of the European oral epic.

韓國에 있어서의 協業化의 現況 및 그것이 農村의 社會構造變動에 미치는 影響 : 示範協業組織의 事例硏究를 中心으로

金大煥 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1970 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.16 No.-

In the way of modernizing the rural community, one of the most urgent problems is to promote the increase of income and improve productivity in the small-scaled land system like that of Korea. Although there are many ways for acquiring the broad economic, social and political forces that lead to societal or community change, my factual assessment of sociological aspect is the concern that the cooperative farm system will be available to solving the agricultural problems and rural reorganization in Korea, where farm land has faced the radical change by the urbanization and industrialization. The cooperative movement has a history longer that a century in the world. It has also existed in the United States for over ninety years. At one time it was widely massive attempts to plan this organization have been undertaken in Israel, Denmark and Japan. Having been interested in the field of rural sociology, especially social organization, population mobility and urbanization through the social economic development, for more that 10 years, I had fortunately an opportunity of studying the cooperative structures. This report will be helpful for the explanation to understand the reality of cooperative agricultural system and rural structure comparing with Japanese rural reorganization. The contents of this paper are as follows; 1) preface 2) Korean rural structure and agricultural system. 3) Rural disorganization in the process of industrialization. 4) Experiences of cooperative system and its future. 5) Field-study of Korean cooperative systems and their analysis. 6) Planning for the cooperative system and social accommodation. 7) Sociological analysis of cooperative system. 8) Conclusion-The necessity of cooperative associations. Korean rural society has now faced the shortage of farm-labour, even though she has more than 51 percent farmers of total population, for the rural community loses feasible labour-power of adult by the migration from rural to urban area. Both of the shortage of labour and large scaled-land system are naturally easy to bring the mechanization of agricultural production in relation to the subsidiary industry. Some theorists insist that the cooperative system is the sole way to solve the problems the rural community faces now. Of course the application of the planning method to these problems is not easily accomplished. But we should remind that one of the factors promoting the increase of agricultural production in the United States is due to the modern management of corporation. In other words, the post economic boom in American rural communities has not only accelerated the decline of old family-capitalism but increased the importance of larger corporation which has synchronized the other directed conformity of the new managerial society. The five cooperative models Baik-Un-San, Kwang-ju, Un-jang-San, Pack-Dal and Dai-Ri cooperative farms, present us many problems whether planning can be made more scientific, systematic and effective. Most of those who are engaged in studying believe that it is in large part an art, compounded of experience, common sense, and professional expertness in a given realm of human affairs which are leadership, human relation and management of labour and technique. I hope this report could suggest a useful sense of great advantage to the orientation of Korean rural community.

假定은 眞理函數的인가

丁大鉉 이화여자대학교 철학과 1978 마음 : 哲學論集 Vol.- No.1

조리방법에 따른 식품 중 영양소 잔존률(retention factor)에 관한 연구(Ⅰ) : 채소류 및 감자류 Vegetablesn ane potatoes

김대병,장영미,김인복,이혜영,장재희,박정현,엄세정 식품의약품안전청 2000 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.4 No.-

조리조건에 따른 식품의 영양소 잔존를을 측정하여 보다 정확한 조리식풍에 의한 영양소 섭취량을 평가할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 합리적인 영양소섭취량 조사, 영양 평가를 위한 개선책을 제시하고자 끓였다. 대상 시료와 조리법은 시금치(데치기, 끓이기), 배추(끓이기), 콩나물(데치기, 끓이기), 호박(끓이기, 볶기). 당근(끓이기, 볶기), 우엉(조림), 감자(끓이기, 볶기)이었으며, 조리 전 후의 비타민 A(β -carotene), Bl, B2, C, E, 나이아신, 칼슘, 철, 아연, 칼륨, 인, 나트륨의 함량을 분석하여 조리법에 따른 잔즌률을 국하였다. 조리조건별 잔존률을 구한 결과 무기질은 데치기의 경우 조리수를 제거하므로 손실이 있었으나 끓이기, 볶기 등의 조리법에서는 손실이 거의 없었다. 비타민 A와 I는 대부분 80%이상으로 많이 손실되지 않았으며 비타민 Bi은 데치기가 가장 낮았고, 조림, 괄이기, 볶기의 순으로 잔존률이 높았다. 비타민 B2와 나이아신은 비타민 Bi보다는 잔존를이 높은 경향이었다. 비타민 C는 대부 분의 조리법에서 크페 손실되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 합리적이고 정확한 영양소 섭취량 평가를 위한 기초자료로서 기존의 평가방법을 개선 보완하여 영양소섭취량 평가으 과학화에 기여할 것으로 기대된다. In various mutrition activities, the necessary values of nutrient intake were usually calculated from food composition tables which have nutrient contents of raw ingredients and dishes, but Korean food composition tables of dishes were lacking, So we studied todetermine the nutnent retention factors(RF) of vegetables and potatoes by cooking methods. Atfirst, we surveyed cooking methods of vegetables and potatoes, and selected major vegetablesand cooking methods. Selected items and cooking methods were sp.mach(blanching and boiling),cRnese cabbage(boiling), soybean sprout(bBanchlng and boiling), pumpkin(boiling andstir-frying), carlot(boiling and stir-frying), burdock(braising), and potato(boiling and stir-frying)We analyzed 6 vitamins luhich were vitamin A(β-carotene), Bl, B2, C, E, and niacin, and 6minerals which were calciurrl, iron, zinc, potassium, phosphorus, and sodium. The results wereas follows : Minerals almost retained in boiling, stir-frying, except in blanching method, RF ofvitamin A and I were 80% or more. RF of vitandn Bl were decreased in order of sfir-frying,boiling, braising, blanching and the RF of vitamin B2 and niacin were higher than vitandn Bl,RF of the vitamin C were varird in So~90% in all cooking methods

現代版畵樣式으로서의 Monotype과 Monoprint 特性 硏究

송대섭,이종만 홍익대학교 산업디자인 연구소 2004 미술디자인 논문집 Vol.- No.9

In the history of print there has been no age when both the concept and media of prints exploded like today. Print seems to have evolved by itself through several centuries. The greatest factor of the evolution must be the change of the society. The early development of print media was linked to the necessity of social enlightenment. It traces far back to the 15th century when metallic printing types were invented. Later the development of technologies in the industrial society laid the foundation for the development of print. Over centuries, a lot of plate-making technologies emerged and contemporary print has been settled as a genre of art. A question was raised on the edition standardized in the 1960s and 1970s. It was triggered by limited editions printed by hand. The core of the question was the issue on the boundary between print of the traditional role and print as an art standing against painting, which emerged as the 500-year-long historical criteria of print were transformed with the variation of editions such as monotype and monoprint. Here, disclosed problems were 'outward appearance looking sterilized' that must not contain even a fingerprint as expressed emphatically for traditional editions by New York Times and 'consistency' in the variation of editions. Such a question raised on the boundary between tradition and anti?tradition softened people's existing fixed idea. Paradoxically, today's research on varied editions such as monotype and monoprint became more intensive than interest in prints of traditional editions. The present study purposed to re-illuminate monotype and monoprint, which stand on the boundary with painting and are factors of print standing against painting. This study is focused on two issues. One is to present detailed information about monotype and monoprint and the other is to provoke people's interest in the variations of edition on the turning point of the contemporary expansion of the media and the concept of print. In addition, this study is to approach cautiously the collapse of boundary that still remains. For these purpose, this study compares the characteristics as well as the merits and demerits of monotype and monoprint as media, and reviews historical facts from the 17th century to the contemporary fine arts. Print media include relatively diverse forms and express diverse languages. Accordingly, a pictorial approach to monotype and monoprint will be the discovery of new languages in print. The present study is largely composed of three chapters. Chapter I explains the general characteristics of monotype and monoprint and introduces similar forms of varied editions. Chapter II presents masters' works from the 17th century to the present and considers the possibility of pictorial expression of print. The last chapter briefly reviews the trend of contemporary print and deals with the expansion of print media and the possibility of linkage among varied editions.

정신분열병 환자에서 Risperidone에 의한 Cytokine의 변화

김대진,김원,윤수정,고효진,최보문,전태연 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.4

기존의 항정신병약뮬인 haloperidol이나 clozapine과는 약물학적 특성이 다른 대표적인 약물인 risperidone을 사용하여 정신분열병 환자가 치료 전과 4주 치료 후에 어떤 면역학적 차이를 보이는지 6가지 cytokine의 혈장 농도를 측정하여 알아보았다. 방법: 1999년 2월부터 1999년 5월까지 카톨릭대학교 대전성모병원 정신과에 입원한 환자 중 DSM-IV 진단 기준에 의해 정신분열병으로 진단된 환자 25명을 대상으로 하였다. 입원 다음날 아침 8시 risperidone 투여전의 기본적인 cytokine농도를 측정하기 위해 혈액을 채취하였으며 제 2병일에 risperidone 2mg, 제 4병일에 4mg, 제 6병일에 6mg으로 증량하는 방식을 항정신병약물 치료를 하였다. 임상평가는 risperidone 투여 전과 투여 4주 후 정신과 전공의가 각각 PANSS 검사를 시행하였다. 혈장에서 IL-1β,IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, INF-□, TNF-α의 정량 측정은 ELISA kit (Endogen Inc., Woburn, MA, USA)을 사용하여 quantitative ELISA법으로 하였다. 결과: risperidone을 4주간 투여 후 환자 혈장 IL-12 농도가 유의하게 증가되었고 나머지 cytokine 농도는 유의한 변화가 없었다. 결론: 저자들은 연구에서 risperidone 치료 후 IL-12가 증가된 것은 이러한 항정신병약물치료가 면역반응 을 활성화시키는 역할을 한 것으로 시사된다. Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate immunologic difference between baseline and after 4 weeks drug treatment with atypical antipsychotics(rispreidone) by measurement of serum concentration of 6 cytokines. Methods: The subjets were composed of 25 patients who are admitted at Dajeon St's Marys hospital of psychiatry department and diagnosed as schizophrenia by DSM-IV diagnositc criteria. We measured serum IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, INF-□, TNF-α concenatrations by quantitative ELISA method using ELISA kit(Endogen In., Woburn, MA, USA). The two psyciatrists per-formed PANSS examination between baseline and after 4 weeks risperidone treatments. Results: The serum level of IL-12 was increased significantly after medication of 4 weeks and the serum concentration of IFN-□ showed the tendency of decreasement but not significant. The serum level of the other cytokines showed no significant change. Conclusion: We spectulate that the increasement of IL-12 may contribute to role of activa-tion of immune response by treatment of antipsychotic medication(risperidone). This study is first trial of IL-12 study in neuropsychiatric field and IL-12 which play impor-tant role of immune response becomes interesting subjects in immune research.

都市化에 관한 社會學的 準據틀 정립을 위한 試論 : 槪念, 促進要因, 形態를 중심으로 with Special Reference to Its Concept, Factor, and Pattern

鄭大然 제주대학교 1983 논문집 Vol.15 No.2

The concept of urbanization is probably one of the best known and most widely used terms in sociology and other social sciences, Its use in the academic world grows daily, It is also true that the use of the concept of urbanization is as chaotic as is widespread. The objectives of this study is to develop a sociological framework of urbanization with special reference to its concept, factor and pattern, examining some leading theoretical orientations in the urban sociology. It is expcted that the results would provide an useful theoretical background for the sociological analysis of urbanization in Korea. The study results, although the reference are based on some leading perspectives on urbanization in western urban sociology, can be summarized as follows. 1. The concept of urbanization is a dynamic one as process, while urbanism is a static concept. 2. It might be useful that the urbanization is approached from rural-urban continuum rather than from rural-urban dichotomy. Because most of the cities, even though they are highly urbanized, have some traditional rural attributes, and any traditional rural communities also have some urbanized attributes. 3. The concept of urbanization can be defined in terms of four dimensions-value system and behavior, socio-economic structure, ecological Structure, and demographic aspect, Each of these perspectives has certain strengths and weakness, None of them, in their present from, can be viewed as adequate. 4, It was found that urbanization would be promoted by five factors-economic factor, technology, social force, value-orientation, and ecological factor. These factors operate on the process of urbanization. 5. The pattern of urbanization can be traced from a macroscopic perspective. Its pattern might vary depending on the criteria of classification. It was found that normally two different criteria are applied to identify the pattern of urbanization. One is the degree of industrialization, and the other is the ecological structure. If one accepts this idea, the pattern of urbanization would be classified into two types, as follows. By degree of industrialization: pre-industrial and industrial urbanization By eco1gical structure: decenteralization and metropolitanization The perspective on the urbanization pattern is also the rural-urban continnum approach rather than the dichotomy. What type of sociological framework of urbanization can be developed from these findings? 1. It might be true that the concept and factor of urbanization can be discussed under the same framework. The major reason is that the concept of urbanization should be developed from the factors considered to promote urbanization. 2. However, it would be desirable that a different perspective from that of the concept and factor of urbanization would be applied to develop the framework of urbanization pattern. Because the urbanization pattern is a result produced from the operation of tile factors on the urbanization process. 3. If the statement described above is acceptable, the urbanization from its concept and factor can be understood as a dynamic process of three dimensions-stuructural, value system, and behavioral level. Out of the four kinds of concepts of urbanization described above, value system and behavioral aspect can be subdivided into value system and behavioral level, and the remaining three can be combined into the structural level. Among five kinds of promotion factors, value-orientation is a dimension of value system as the conceptual level, the remaining four are reduced to the structural level. 4. In addition to this assumption, if we accept it as being true that the structure operates on behavior through mediation of value system, and is itself aggregation of individual behavior, the concept and factor of urbanization can be approached from three dimensions, And, the relationship among them can be diagrammed in the manner of the figure below. ◁그림 삽입▷ (원문을 참조하세요) 5. Finally, for the pattern of urbanization, if two criteria applied are combined, four patterns are available, as follows. ◁표 삽입▷ (원문을 참조하세요) Such a classification of urbanization pattern raises two questions. One is referred to whether most of the cities follow the same development process and pattern. The other question is whether the pattern of pre-industrial urbanization and/or metropolitanization inevitably follow that of industrial urbanization and/or decenteralization. The sociological framework of urbanization outlined above is on the hypothetical level. It is supposed that its validity be examined on the basis of the empirical comparative study between developed and under developed country, between the countries which is on the similar level of industrialization, and/or between cities within a country.

GIS를 이용한 농가경영특성 분석

閔大泓,李昌洙,朴承基 公州大學校 産業開發硏究所 1996 産業開發硏究 Vol.4 No.-

Farm management character of Sungbuk Dong which was natural farm area was analysed by GIS system. The topography and cadastrel were analysed by lot number from GIS. This study will provide basic elements for large scaling and gathering of farm land and this new information from the study will give great efficiency to exchange or mergence of farm land. This study will create general index number from soil, geological features, irrigation facilities, distance between farm land and farmhouse. it will expected that, a lot of things from this analysis will be a very important information when some arguments take place from new a boundary of land or expense after readjustment of arable land.

AFB₁ 대사에서 phloretion의 이중 활성 효과

임대원,이광,고상상,진효연,은상용,최병민,김복량 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2008 圓光醫科學 Vol.23 No.1

Aflatoxm B₁(AFB₁) is a potent hepatocarcinogen in experimental animals and a hazard to human health in several parts of the world. AFB₁ is activated to its ultimate carcinogenic intermediate, AFB₁-8,9-epoxide, by cytochrome P450(CYP) 1A2 and CYP3A4 in human liver and the intermediate is decomposed by several glutathione S-transferase(GST) including GSTA2, GSTM1 and GSTP1. In this study, we investigated the effects of phloretin on the enzyme systems which are involved in the activation and detoxification of AFB₁. The metabolic intermediate of AFB₁ was measured with HPLC. We found that phloretin could strongly inhibit the activities of CYP 3A4 and CYP1A2 in a dose dependent manner. Phloretin induced the antioxidant-response element(ARE)-mediated gene expression, including GSTs. The expressions of GSTA2, T1, M1, and GSTP1 were induced by 10μM phloretin. The decomposition of AFB₁-8,9-epoxide was measured with GSH conjugating activity of the epoxide. The rate was increased to 1.5 fold when HepG2 cells were treated by 10μM phloretin for 12h. In the mean while, the total GST activitives toward CDNB in HepG2 cells were not changed by the treatment with phloretin. The results demonstrate that phloretin has strong chemopreventive effects against AFB₁ toxicity through the inhibition of AFB₁ activation and induction of GSTs.