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Expression Patterns of HIF-1α Under Hypoxia in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells of Venous Malformations
Chung, Ho Yun,Lee, Seok Jong,Lee, Jong Min,Huh, Seung,Kim, Hyung Kee,Kwon, O Hyun,Lim, Hyun Ju,Oh, Eun Jung,Kim, Tae Jung,O, Teresa M.,Waner, Milton Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 2015 Annals of plastic surgery Vol.75 No.3
PURPOSE: The molecular pathophysiology of venous malformations (VMs), which are a type of vascular malformation, is poorly understood. Until now, it is known that VM lesions are related to the process of angiogenesis. Because angiogenesis is induced under hypoxic conditions, hypoxia is thought to be important in VM lesion formation. Therefore, we examined the implications of hypoxia on the biological behavior of VM vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In doing so, we investigated the expression patterns of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which plays a key role in hypoxia-induced angiogenesis, to provide a further understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in VM. METHODS: Vascular smooth muscle cells from 5 normal veins and 5 VM lesions were cultured under moderate hypoxic conditions (3% O2, 5% CO2). The effects of hypoxia on HIF-1α expression were measured by immunocytochemical staining, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Overall, the expression of HIF-1α in cells was high after exposure to hypoxia for 6 or 12 hours, but decreased after 24 hours of hypoxia. HIF-1α expression in VM VSMCs was 2 times higher than that in normal VSMCs. Immunocytochemically, HIF-1α was mainly located in the nucleus and the intensity in VM VSMCs was stronger after 6 and 12 hours of hypoxia when compared to the expression pattern of HIF-1α in VSMCs from normal tissue. This suggested that VM tissue is more susceptible to the effects of hypoxia than normal tissue. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the high expression of HIF-1α in VM VSMCs under hypoxic conditions could be an important factor for stimulating downstream angiogenesis in VM. Furthermore, the results of this investigation could provide the basis for future studies of VM pathophysiology, and ultimately lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches.
뇌로 전이된 인세포암(Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma) 1례 보고
허양옥,이동화,박응범,이유복,정헌화,김헌주,김상철,정상섭,이헌재 中央醫學社 1975 中央醫學 Vol.28 No.4
The metastatic carcinoma of the brain comprises about 15 to 25 per cent of total brain tumors and most of them originate from the lung. Additional primary sites such as the breast, kidney, large intestine, prostate are rare and the stomach as primary site is very rare. We experienced a case of metastatic signet-ring cell carcinoma to the brain originated from the stomach, which was thought as subdural hematoma at the time of admission.
Jung, J. -T.,Choi, J. -Y.,Chung, J.,Lee, Y. -W.,Kim, J. -O. Taylor Francis 2009 Environmental Technology Vol.30 No.3
<P> The objective of this study was to investigate the treatment efficiency of UV/TiO2 and UV/TiO2/chemical oxidant processes for the removal of humic acid and hazardous heavy metals in aqueous TiO2 suspensions. The reaction rate (k) of humic acid and hazardous heavy metals by UV/TiO2 was higher than that of UV illumination alone or TiO2 alone. The removal efficiency for humic acid and Cr(VI) at acid or neutral pH values was higher than that at basic pH values. However, the removal efficiency for Cu(II) at acid pH values was smaller compared with that at neutral or basic pH values. The reaction rate (k) of humic acid and hazardous heavy metals in the TiO2 concentration range of 0.1-0.3 g l-1 increased with increasing TiO2 dosage. However, amounts higher than a TiO2 dosage of 0.3 g l-1 reduced the removal efficiency for humic acid and hazardous heavy metals because of the shielding effect on the UV light penetration in the aqueous solution caused by the presence of excessive amounts of TiO2. The addition of oxidants to the UV/TiO2 system showed an increase in degradation efficiency for the treatment of humic acid and hazardous heavy metals. The optimal concentration of oxidants was: H2O2 50 mg l-1, O3 20 g m-3 and K2S2O8 50 mg l-1, respectively. The degradation efficiency of UV/TiO2/oxidant systems for the removal of humic acid and hazardous heavy metals was much greater when H2O2 was used as the oxidant.</P>
이영재,조종민,이상옥,정해용,최완규 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1983 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.21 No.11
Gas flow is affected by physical properties of burden in packed bed of iron blast furnace. The gas permeability with the different size of ore in a packed bed is studied to show the following results. 1. Apparent and bulk density of the sinter in 4DL in POSCO are decreased with the ore size. 2. Pressure drop equation of packed bed is satisfied with Ergun equation. 3. Pressure drop is increased with the addition of -5㎜ sinter ore.
권오준,이은정,최웅규,손동화,이석일,정연건,지원대 한국위생과학회 2002 한국위생과학회지 Vol.8 No.2
새로운 장류제품으로서 보리등겨의 이용방안을 모색하기 위하여 간장을 만들어 연구하였다. 보리로 제조한 간장의 갈색화는 점차적으로 증가 하였으며 완만한 변화를 보였다. 향기성분으로는 4-vinyl-2-methoxy-phenol, benzeneacetaldehyde, palmitic acid, 2-furancatboxaldehyde, methyl-9, 12-octadecadienoate, di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, diethyl phtalate, dibytyl-1,2-benzenedicatboxylate, 5-methyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde, 3,4-dimethyl-1h-pyrazole, phenylethyl alcohol, dioctyl-hexanedioate, dimethyl-1,2-benzenedicatboxylate, benzaldehyde, methional, 2-methoxy-phenol, n-furfurylidene-3-methylbutyl amine, 1-furfuryl-2-formyl pyrrole, tetradrcanoic acid, 5-methyl-pyrimidine, 4-methyl-5-hydroxymethyl-imidazole, maltol, 5-(5-methyl-2-furanyl)methyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde 순으로 높은 함량을 차지 하였다. For investigation of new utilization as jang-products, kanjang was prepared using barely bran. This study was conducted to investigate flavor components of kanjang during fermentation time. The optical density was gradually increased. Among the flavor components identified in kanjang made with barley bran, the contents of 4-viny1-2-methoxy-phenol was the most in quantity followed by benzeneacetaldehyde, palmitic acid, 2-furancarboxaldehyde, methyl-9,12-octadecadienoate, di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, diethyl phtalate, dibutyl-1,2-benzendicarboxylate, 5-methyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde, 3,4-dimethyl-1h-pyrazole, phenylethyl alcohol, dioctyl-hexanedioate, dimethyl-1,2-benzenedicarboxylate, benzaldehyde, methional, 2-methoxy-phenol, n-furfurylidene-3-methylbutyl amine, 1-furfuryl-2-formyl pyrrole, tetradecanoic acid, 5-methyl-pyrimidine, 4-methyl-5-hydroxymethyl-imidazole, maltol and 5-(5-methyl-2-furanyl)methyl-2-furancarboxaldegyde.