Clinical Significance of Classification of Graves` Disease According to the Characteristics of TSH receptor Antibodies

(Won Bae Kim),(Hyun Kyung Chung),(Young Joo Park),(Do Joon Park),(Hong Kyu Lee),(Bo Youn Cho) 대한내과학회 2001 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.16 No.3

N/A Background:It has been widely accepted that the epitope (s) and/or functional characteristics of thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TSHRAb) from Graves` patients are heterogenous among patients. However, the clinical significance of such heterogeneity has not been systematically evaluatedyet. We were to elucidate and find the clinical significance of heterogeneity for TSH receptor antibodies in Graves` disease. Methods:We measured stimulating TSHRAb (TSAb) activities using CHO-hTSHR cells, FRTL-5 cells and chimeric receptor expressing cells (Mc1+2 and Mc2), specific blocking TSHRAb (TSBAb) activities using Mc2 cells and TBII activities using porcine thyroid membrane in 136 patients with untreated hyperthyroid Graves` disease. Results: Based on various TSHRAb activities from each patient, the patients could be categorized into 7 subgroups by cluster analysis; 1) Group 1 (n=41) was characterized by moderate TSAb activities bothin CHO-hTSHR cells and in FRTL-5 cells, typical TSAb epitope, rare blocking antibodies and high TBII activities. 2) Group 2 (n=16) was characterized by the presence of blocking TSHRAb in most patients, albeit the other characteristics were the same as those in Group 1. 3) Group 3 (n=19) patients had low TSAb activities bothin CHO-hTSHR cells and in FRTL-5 cells, seldom had blocking TSHRAb, but they had high TBII activities. 4) Group 4 (n=30) could be categorized as `mild disease` group, as they had low activities in all kinds of TSHRAb assay and had low antim icrosomal antibody activities. 5) Group 5 (n=14) was characterized by moderate TSAb activities with atypical epitope (s), rare blocking TSHRAb and moderate TBII activities. 6) Group 6 (n=10) patients had veryhigh TSAb activities with typical epitopes, seldom blocking TSHRAb and low TBII activities. 7) Group 7 (n=6) was characterized by very high TSAb activities with atypical epitopes and high TBII activities. Pretreatment serum thyroid hormone level was low only in group 4 patients compared to the other 6 groups (p<0.05). The size of goiter was significantly larger in those in group 1 and group 3 (p<0.05) compared to the other 5 groups. The prevalence of clinically significant ophthalmopathy was higher in group 2 patients than the other 6 groups (50%vs.27.5%,p=0.06). Among 6 kinds of TSHRAb activities, only the blocking TSHRAb activity was significantly associated with the presence of ophthalmopathy in multivariate analysis. Conclusion:These results suggest that the differences inepitopes for TSAb or the presence of blocking TSHRAb is not a major factor in determining the degree of thyrotoxicosis in Graves` disease. Although the pathogenic mechanism is not clearyet, we suggest that patients with ophthalmopathy have different TSHRAb repertoire from those without ophthalmopathy in Graves` disease.

麗末에 있어서 朱子 性理學의 受容과 그 政治思想的 意義

鄭然植,趙顯傑 경북대학교 사회과학연구소 1989 社會科學硏究 Vol.5 No.-

The Neo-confucianism of Chu-tzu was systematized as a result of a scientific efforts caused by the periodical claims - the reorganization of public order, the establishment of centralism based on monarchy, and the surmount of the national crisis. Chu-tzu tried to reorganize the behabior patterns of individuals and the relationship among all of the social classes by means of li, the universal and internal principle. It was in the end of the Koryo dynasty when the Neo-confucianism of Chu-tzu introduced to the Korean peninsular. The political situation of Koryo was very difficult and complicated. It was basically caused by the confusion of the land system. the discord and struggle among social powers, and the external tension. The scholars of those day wished to solve these problems political goal to reinforce sovereign power. Therefore, the power of monarch is restrained by moral rules and ensured legitimately when he ruled over the people with virture. They forward several revolutionary policies for the establishment of central regims. First of all, they wanted to renovate the consciousness and attitude of the people with Neo-confucianism. By that time, Buddhism has played a leading part in the world of thought. But at the end of the dynasty, Buddhism gave rise to much problems - the secularization, the loss of it's own essential function and so on. So, the scholars came to criticize unreasonability and unmorality which was founded in the Koryo Buddhism. That was ultimately turned out to be ground of conscious-ness-reform. They also restored educational institution and encouraged the people to practice Chu-tzu chia-li. Educational institution had been established from the beginning of the dynasty, but it's function had become very weak in the later. Therefore, to stir up academic atmosphere and to cultivate official class with Neo-confucianism, they reconstructed a governmental school Sung-kyun-kwan in the national capital and reformed the teaching contents with the Neo-confucianism. And then, they wished to correct the land system for wealthy country and the establishment of government control of the land. The land system is a very important aspect related to good government. The land system of the early Koryo was based on a national possession in principle. But from the middle era of the dynasty, the private land ownership had come out. It means that only a few influential family kept the land exclusively. This confusion of the land system led to great social disoder, for example the enmity among classes, the degradation of the social discip-line, and the collapse of centralism. At last, they set up a series plans to distribute the land properly to the people. After all, they could achieve the firm management for human and material resources which were essential to the centralization through the Kwa-cheon act, a kind of national land possession. In conclusion, successive policies worked much changed to political and social structure in the end of the Koryo dynasty. As soon as the Koryo dynasty was collapsed, Neo-confucianism functioned as dominating ideology to build the Choseon dynasty. And it had an important effect upon the consciousness and attitude of the people after that time.

잭슨 구조적 프로그래밍 방법의 통합을 위한 새로운 객체지향 방법에 관한 연구

정현숙,조정은,김행곤 대구효성가톨릭대학교 응용과학연구소 1995 응용과학연구논문집 Vol.4 No.-

Software is on the increase to translate existing system into an object-oriented system that is due to spread a problem recognition to have structured development methodology and prosperity of object-oriented related techniques. This paper presents a new object-oriented method which integrates the Jackson Structur-ed Programming method with an object-oriented approach. The new method analyzes the user's services, identifies attributes from data structure diagrams, and identifies operations from program structure diagrams. As well, this method defers the identification of class relationship until the attributes and operations have been identified, so as to present premature desicions. Besides, the con-cepts of "leading object" is used to decrease the number of actors and agents and to in-crease the number of servers in a system. Some of the results may also enhance reusability of the objects.

반복하중을 받는 철근의 부착 응력도에 관한 실험적 연구

정란,박현수,조동철 단국대학교 신소재기술연구소 1991 신소재 Vol.1 No.-

지진하중에 대한 철근콘크리트 구조물의 거동을 예측하기 위해 지금까지 진행하였던 많은 실험들이 단순증가 반복하중을 작용시키고 있다. 그러나 실제 지진에 의해 발생되는 하중은 불규칙 반복하중으로써 이전까지 관례적으로 행해졌던 규칙적인 단순증가 반복하중에 의한 실험결과가 얼마만큼 신빙성이 있는가를 검토할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 지진하중에 대한 실험에서는 어떠한 하중을 가져야 실제 거동과 근사한 결과를 얻을 수 있는가를 예측하기 위하여 철근콤크리트 구조물의 구조적 취약부분인 보-기둥 접합부에 규칙적인 단순증가 반복하중과 불규칙 반복하중을 작용시켜 접합부의 부착응력도의 분포를 비교 분석하였다. The prediction and estimation of R/C structure behavlor subjected to earthquake type loading is partly based on the experimental results of the monotonically increased cyclic loading, rather than that of the irregularly increased cyclic loading. However, actual earthquake is typical random vibration. In this respect, comparing and analysing experimental test results of R/C specimens subjected to monotonically increased cyclic loading and irrcgularly increased cyclic loading, this study proposes the research direction of irregularly increased cyclic loading during earthquake.

노화 흰쥐 간에 미치는 비타민 A 급성과다 효과 ㅣ.조직학적 연구와 Alkaline phosphatase 활성

조현국,박원학,정형재 嶺南大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1993 基礎科學硏究 Vol.13 No.-

급성 비타민 A 과다가 노화과정의 진행정도(3, 6, 20개월)에 따라 간장에 미치는 영향을 형태학 및 효소화학적으로 관찰하였다. 대조군에 대한 광학현미경적 변화로 3, 6개월군은 대체로 그 형태가 잘 보존되어 있으나 20개월군에서는 동양혈관의 확장, 불규칙한 간세포삭, 국소적 세포팽창과 염증세포의 침윤이 관찰하였다. 비타민 A 투여 3개월군에서의 광학현미경적 변화로, 간소엽의 주변부변성이 관찰되었으며, 6개월군에서는 중심정맥과 간정맥 내막의 섬유증식, 그리고 섬유모세포와 성상세포의 중식이 국소적으로 형성되었다. 20개월군에서는 소엽 전반에 걸친 동양혈관의 확장, 간정맥 경계부의 섬유중식, 중심정맥과 동양혈관의 심한 섬유증식에 기인된 동양혈관 내막에서의 적혈구 정체 및 세포질의 소실도 관찰되었다. 효소활성의 변화로, 혈액중의 ALT, AST는 변화가 없는 반면, ALP 활성은 비타민 A 투여 20개월군에서 증가하는 경향을 보였다. The effect of acute hypervitaminosis A on liver tissue, obtained from 3,6, 20months of rats, were studied by analyzing morphological changes and serum enzyme activities. In light microscopic results of control groups(3,6 months), the tissue structure is preserved well, whereas from 20 months old group, dilatation of sinosoids, irregular hepatic cell cord, and focal cell swelling and infiltration of inflammatory cell were observed. From the 3 months groups treated with vitamin A, peripheral degeneration in the hepatic lobule was observed. From the 6 months groups, fibrosis of central and portal veins, and formation of focal proferation of fibroblasts and Kupffer cells. The dilatation of sinusoids in the whole liver tissue, fibrosis of continuity of liver tissue in adjacent lobule, and focal stagnated red blood cells(caused from the fibrosis of central vein and sinusoids) with cytoplasmic loss were observed from 20 months group. The activity of serum ALP level in 20 months group treated with vitamin A, compared with 3, 6 months groups, was increased, while the changes of serum ALT and ASt activities were insignificant.

지역 이벤트 및 레져 스포츠에 대한 웹마케팅 욕구에 대한 소비행동

조충현,양재철,연규한 圓光大學校 附設 體力科學硏究所 2002 體力科學硏究 Vol.25 No.2

Recently are event and sport degree of satisfaction by sports consumer behavior is emerging as a alternative tourism in korea like other part of world. So many korean researchers are getting interested in this field. The central government and local government also have their interests in are event and sport for activating their economy. Because are event and sport has a advantage to enhance the national·local area's image, to attract visitors from other area or nations. But the study of are event and sport has been rarely accomplished, compared with the increasing importance of are event and sport. Futhermore, the studies has been primarily focused on commercialization of events for the sports information products. Now we need to lift our concern to are event and sports information user's satisfaction from that kinds of researchs. We have to regard are event and sports information user's as a consumer of our events. That's so important to get the high position in planning, marketing events, because the more we know about sports events and sports information user's mind, the more the possibility we have to succeed. As we know, the consumer satisfaction is the most important factor of the success of are sports events. So this study is done in the basic idea that are event and sports information user's is a kind of sports consumers behavior. The data analysis methods of this study are Frequency Analysis, Independent Group t Inspection, One-way ANOVA(Post Inspection: duncan', p<.05), Interrelation Analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis and use the SPSS WIN 10.0 program.

노화 흰쥐 간에 미치는 비타민 A 급성과다 효과 : Ⅱ.미세구조적 연구 Ⅱ.Ultrastructural Study

정형재,박원학,조현국 嶺南大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學硏究 Vol.14 No.-

급성 비타민 A 과다가 노화과정의 진행정도(3,6,20개월)에 따라 간조직에 미치는 영향을 미세구조적으로 관찰하였다. 대조군 6개월의 세포구조는 불규칙한 핵막, 담모세관 주위의 dense body 증가와 더불어 RER의 종창이 관찰되었다. 20개월군에서 미토콘드리아의 소실, hyaloplasm의 형성 뿐만 아니라 residual body의 수적 증가가 나타났다. 비타민 A 투여군은 간정맥부와 동양혈관 변연부의 섬유화, 세포질 수포현상, 그리고 노화진행에 따라 세포간질의 협착이 보였다. 3,6개월군의 간세포질에서는 미토콘드리아의 소실과 RER의 붕괴가 관찰되었을 뿐만 아니라 지질저장 세포내의 지방소적의 축적과 담모세관 주위의 dense body 증가가수반되었다. 더우기 지질저장세포내의 지방소적은 그 축적도에 있어서 20개월군에서 증가하였다. 특히 간세포질에서 섬유가 관찰되였다. The effects of acute hypervitaminosis A on liver tissue, obtained from 3, 6, 20 months of rats, were studied by observing ultrastructural changes. The celluar structure in control grorp of 6 minths showed irregular nuclear envelope, dense bodies around bile canaliculi, and swelling of endoplasmic reticulum. That of 20 months appeared not only a loss of mitochondria, and formation of hyaloplasm, but also the number of residual body was increased. The results from treated with vitamin A, showed fibrosis of portal vein, cytoplasmic bullae, perisinusoidal fibrosis, and occlusions of intercellular space dependent upon aging process. In hepatic cytoplasm of 3 and 6 months group, a loss of mitochondria and disruption of RER were observed, as well as accumulation of lipid droplets within the lipid-storing cell and increased dense body around the bile canaliculi. Moreover, the lipid droplets within the lipid-storing cell. a degree of accumulation was increased in 20 months. Especially, the fiber appeared in hepatic cytoplasm on 20 months group.

麗末·鮮初에 있어서 「小學」普及의 政治的 意義

鄭然植,趙顯傑 경북대학교 사회과학연구소 1988 社會科學硏究 Vol.4 No.-

In order to understand the political characteristics in the end of Koryeo and the begnning of Yi Dynasty, we need to examine into the question how Neo-Confucianism was taught and spread among the people in that period. It is generally accepted that Hsiao-hsiieh is a guide to the active principle of Neo-Confucianism. So, in this paper I will examine for what reason the text was introduced into and spread far and wide among the people in that period. and I will try to search for the political function following from it's teaching upon the people. Chu-hsi edited the text for the purpose of teaching the basic principles of his neo-Confucianism to people. The text were introduced into the Korean Peninsula in the end of Koryeo Dynasty. Being recommended and encouraged the people to study in the beginning of Yi Dynasty which was based on the Neo-Confucianism, Hsiao-hsiieh were all over the land. Especially the ruling class held the text in high esteem. The text were for a guide not only to the study of Neo-Confucianism but also to recreate it's people and their communities into the pattern prescribed in it. Therefore the society of Yi Dynasty inclined toward Confucianism. Also, the text made a great contribution to build up political consciousness of the people. Hsiao-hsiieh helped to establish royal authority, the idea of morality, and political collectivization. On the other hand the text brought about political consciousness of blind obedience, a kind of political indifference or a negative way of thinking on political phenomena.

개구리(Rana nigromaculata)胃 粘液質의 組織化學的 硏究

趙顯旭,朴重錫,河在淸 慶尙大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.24 No.2

개구리 위 점막내에 존재하는 점액질의 성분을 변태 시기에 따라서 조직화학적으로 관찰하였다. 원주세포 내 점액질은 변태 XVI와 XXIV 시기에는 바황화점액질로 된 산성점액질에 비해서 중성점액질이 주를 이루었고 변태 XX 시기에서는 산성 및 중성점액질이 혼재하였다. 점액선 세포내 점액질은 관찰된 변태 세 시기에서는 주로 중성점액질로 되어 있었다 This study was-performed histochemically to observe the responses of mucus secreting cells in the gastric mucosa of frog, Rana nigromaculata during metamorphosis. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Columnar cells contained a small amount of acidic mucosubstances including nonsulfated. mucin and a large amount of neutral mucosubstances at XVI and XXIV stages of metamorphosis. At XX stage, columnar cells contained acidic and neutral mucosubstances. 2. Mucous glands contained mainly neutral mucosubstances at XVI, XX and XXIV stages.

밭토양에 처리된 규산질 비료의 유효화와 토양반응 교정효과

조현종,최희열,이용우,이윤정,정종배 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.2

이화학적 특성이 다른 4가지의 밭토양에 대한 규산질 비료를 처리하여 토양의 유효규산 함량과 pH 변화에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 토양의 이화학적 특성과 기존 유효규산 함량에 상관없이 토양 유효규산 함량은 규산질 비료 시용량에 비례하여 증가 하였다. 규산질 비료의 유효화 정도는 토양마다 차이가 있었으며 최저 9.1%에서 최고 19.2% 정도의 비율을 나타냈다. 규산질 비료 100 kg/10a 수준의 처리는 용탈 등으로 제거되지 않는 한 10 cm 깊이 표토에 평균적으로 100 mg/kg 정도 의 유효규산을 공급할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 퇴비 혼합처리는 토양 유효규산 함량 증가에 큰 영향을 미치지 못했으며, 석회 처리는 유효규산 함량을 다소 증가시켰다. 토양 pH 변화는 모든 토양에서 규산질 비료 시비량에 비례하여 증가하였으며, 규산질 비교 100 kg/10a 처리로 토양 pH를 0.1~0.2 단위 증가시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 산성 토양의 경우에는 규산질 비료의 시용과는 별도로 pH 교정을 위해 석회비료를 시용해야 할 것이다. Although silicon (Si) has been known to be an essential element for rice growth, the optimum soil level of Si for upland crops remains unestablished. This study was conducted to estimate the availability of Si fertilizer in upland soils, and also effect of the Si fertilizer on soil pH was examined. Different application rates of Si fertilizer were tested using four soils of different available Si levels and pHs in a series of laboratory incubation study. The treatments included Si fertilizer levels of 100, 200, and 300 kg/10a. Also to examine the effects of compost and lime on the availability of Si fertilizer in upland soil, treatment of silicate fertilizer 200 kg/10a + compost 1,000 kg/10a and lime alone treatment were included. Changes of Si availability in the soils during the incubation period were measured by 1 N NaOAc extraction procedure. Availability of Si fertilizer was different among the tested soils, and about 9.1~19.2% of the applied Si fertilizer was extracted after 60 days laboratory incubation. Application rate could not influence the availability of Si fertilizer. Application of compost with Si fertilizer could not increase Si availability in upland soils, but lime treatment could increase Si availability. Soil pH increased by application of Si fertilizer, but the effect of Si fertilizer on soil pH was minimal. When Si fertilizer is applied on the purpose of Si nutrition in acid upland soils, lime treatment should be coupled with the Si fertilizer for remediation of soil acidity.