Systematic Review of Reciprocal Changes after Spinal Reconstruction Surgery : Do Not Miss the Forest for the Trees

Kim, Chang-Wook,Hyun, Seung-Jae,Kim, Ki-Jeong The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2021 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.64 No.6

The purpose of this review was to synthesize the research on global spinal alignment and reciprocal changes following cervical or thoracolumbar reconstruction surgery. We carried out a search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for studies through May 2020, and ultimately included 11 articles. The optimal goal of a truly balanced spine is to maintain the head over the femoral heads. When spinal imbalance occurs, the human body reacts through various compensatory mechanisms to maintain the head over the pelvis and to retain a horizontal gaze. Historically, deformity correction has focused on correcting scoliosis and preventing scoliotic curve progression. Following substantial correction of a spinal deformity, reciprocal changes take place in the flexible segments proximal and distal to the area of correction. Restoration of lumbar lordosis following surgery to correct a thoracolumbar deformity induces reciprocal changes in T1 slope, cervical lordosis, pelvic shift, and lower extremity parameters. Patients with cervical kyphosis exhibit different patterns of reciprocal changes depending on whether they have head-balanced or trunk-balanced kyphosis. These reciprocal changes should be considered to in order to prevent secondary spine disorders. We emphasize the importance of evaluating the global spinal alignment to assess postoperative changes.

Gonadal Development, Spawning and Plasma Sex Steroid Levels of the Indoor Cultured Grunt, Hapalogenys nitens

Hee Woong Kang,Jae-Kwon Cho,Maeng-Hyun Son,Jong Youn Park,Chang Gi Hong,Jae Seung Chung,Ee-Yung Chung 한국발생생물학회 2015 발생과 생식 Vol.19 No.1

The gonadosomatic index (GSI), gonadal development and changes in hormones in plasma level of the indoor cultured grunt (Hapalogenys nitens) were investigated by histological study from August 2011 to October 2012. The GSI showed similar trends with gonad developmental stages during the culture periods. Changes in plasma level of estradiol-17β of female H. nitens reached the highest value before the spawning period, and seasonal changes in plasma level of estradiol-17β were similar in trends of oocyte developments and GSI changes. Testosterone levels of male H. nitens reached the highest value before and after the spent stage. Ovarian developmental stages of H. nitens could be classified into early growing stage, late growing stage, mature stage, ripe and spawning stage, recovery and resting stage. The testicular developmental stages could be divided into growing stage, mature stage, ripe and spent stage, and recovery and resting stage.

조기 천장골염의 자기공명영상 소견

김태환 ( Tae Hwan Kim ),전재범 ( Jae Bum Jun ),심승철 ( Seung Cheol Shim ),장대국 ( Dae Kook Chang ),고회관 ( Hee Kwan Koh ),정성수 ( Sung Soo Jung ),이인홍 ( In Hong Lee ),배상철 ( Sang Cheol Bae ),유대현 ( Dae Hyun Yoo ),전의용 대한류마티스학회 1998 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.5 No.2

목적: 천장골염의 유무가 척추 관절염의 진단에 중요한데 단순 골반 검사에서 변화가 없는 환자를 대상으로 MRI를 이용하여 천장골염의 조기변화 소견 및 MRI방법에 따른 장점을 비교하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 단순 골반 검사에서 천장골염 유무가 확실하게 구분되지 않은 혈청 음성 척추 관절염 환자 26명을 대상으로 MRI를 시행하고 염증의 주침범위치를 천측과 장측, 관절의 상하로 구분하고, MRI방법에 따른 변화를 비교하였다. 결과: 모든 예에서 조영 증강되는 판누스를 관찰할 수 있었고, Grade I 이하에서는 장골측과 관절하부, 인대성 관절보다 활막성 관절을 더 많이 침범하였다. Grade II 이상에서도 장골측과 관절 하부에 더 많았으나 인대성 관절을 Grade I이하에서보다 더 많이 침범하였다. 관절 주변 지방 침착역시 장골측과 관절 하부에 더 주로 침범하였고 Grade II 이상에서 약간 더 많았다. 관절 주변 골염은 Grade 0에서는 없었고, Grade I에서는 주로 장골측과 관절 하부에서 92%가 양성이었고, Grade II에서는 93%에서, Grade III에서는 64%에서 양성으로, 장골측을 주로 침범하였으나 관절 상하부의 구분은 없었다. 인대성 천장골 관절은 Grade I 이하에서 38%, II 이상에서는 94%에서 침범하였다. 관절 주변 골염과 지방 침착, 그리고 판누스의 관찰에는 MPGR보다 스핀에코 영상이 좋았고, 관절면의 불규칙성 또는 관절강의 확대와 관절 강직여부의 관찰에는 스핀에코에 비해 MPGR 영상이 좋았고, 연골하 경화는 비슷하였다. 천장골염의 정도와 ESR, CRP와의 연관성은 없었다. 걸론: 천장골 관절에서 염증의 시작은 주로 장골 측과 관절의 하부에서 먼저 시작되고, 관절이 진행될수록 장골측에서 천골측까지로 범위가 확대 되었다. MRI방법에 의한 차이로 초기단계에는 스핀에코 영상이 관절염을 확인하는데 도움이 되고 관절면이 불규칙하게 되고 경화가 되어 병이 진행된 상태에서는 MPGR영상이 진단에 더 도움이 되었다. 염증성 배부 동통이 있는 경우 단순 골반 검사에서 이상이 없는 환자인 경우에도 MRI 검사를 시행하여 천장골염의 유무를 확인하는 것이 중요하다. Objective: The early detection of sacroiliitis on X-ray is important to diagnose spondyloarthropathy(SpA). The conventional radiography, bone scan, and computer tomogram have the problems of sensitivity, specificity, and side effects. We examined sacroiliitis using MR imaging in patients who had inflammatory back pain, but no definite changes in conventional radiogrphy. Other radiologic techniques were compared in detection of early sacroillitis. Methods: Twenty six patients with SpA were examined. The MRI findings of both sacroiliac joints were evaluated in every patients, such as pannus, periarticular osteitis and fat accumulation, subchondral sclerosis, and joint space changes(irregularity, ankylosis). Also we analyzed the changes of sacroiliac joints in sacroiliitis. Results: The predominant sites of involvement were upper aspect and iliac surface of sacroiliac joint in subchondral sclerosis, lower and iliac in pannus, periarticular fat accumulation, and iliac in periarticular osteitis. The MPGR images were superior to spin echo images in evaluation of joint space changes(irregularity, and ankylosis). Conclusions: Sacroiliitis is initiated in iliac side and lower portion of sacroiliac joints. MRI can detect early changes of sacroiliitis in patients with no conventional radiographic changes. MRI seems to be needed in patients with inflammatory back pain.

Expression of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein-I (CRABP-I) in the cerebrospinal fluid of adult onset moyamoya disease and its association with clinical presentation and postoperative haemodynamic change

Jeon, Jin Sue,Ahn, Jun Hyong,Moon, Youn-joo,Cho, Won-Sang,Son, Young-Je,Kim, Seung-Ki,Wang, Kyu-Chang,Bang, Jae Seung,Kang, Hyun-Seung,Kim, Jeong Eun,Oh, Chang Wan BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2014 Journal of neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatry Vol.85 No.7

<P><B>Objective</B></P><P>The elevation of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein-I (CRABP-I) has been suggested as a candidate in the pathogenesis of paediatric moyamoya disease (MMD). However, few studies have addressed CRABP-I in adult onset MMD. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of CRABP-I in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of adult onset MMD, and to evaluate its association with clinical presentation and postoperative haemodynamic change.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>This study examined the CSF from 103 patients: bilateral MMD, n=58 (56.3%); unilateral MMD, n=19 (18.4%); atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease (ACVD), n=21 (20.4%); and control group, n=5 (4.9%). The intensity of CRABP-I was confirmed by western blotting and expressed as the median (25th–75th percentile). The differences in CRABP-I expression according to disease entity (unilateral MMD vs bilateral MMD vs ACVD), initial presenting symptoms (haemorrhage vs ischaemia) and postoperative haemodynamic change (vascular reserve in single photon emission CT and basal collateral vessels in digital subtraction angiography) were analysed.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>CRABP-I intensities in bilateral MMD (1.45(0.86–2.52)) were significantly higher than in unilateral MMD (0.91(0.78–1.20)) (p=0.044) or ACVD (0.85(0.66–1.11)) (p=0.004). No significant differences were noted based on the initial presenting symptoms (p=0.687). CRABP-I was not associated with improvement in vascular reserve (p=0.327), but with decrease in basal collateral vessels (p=0.023) postoperatively.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Higher CRABP-I in the CSF can be associated with typical bilateral MMD pathogenesis in adults. Additionally, postoperative basal collateral change may be related to the degree of CRABP-I expression.</P>

Giant hidroacanthoma simplex combined with variable eccrine tumors mimicking clonal seborrheic keratosis

( Jae Hong Oh ),( Byeong Chang Ko ),( Hee Jae Park ),( Seung Pil Ham ),( Mira Choi ),( Sik Haw ),( Hai-jin Park ) 대한피부과학회 2019 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.71 No.1

Hidrocanthoma simplex(HAS) is a rare benign intraepidermal neoplasm arising from eccrine duct. Clinically, it appears as brownish or verrucous plaque on the lower extremities. Histologically, HAS can exhibit intraepidermal cell nests which are called “Borst-Jadassohn phenomenon”. It could be observed in the HAS, clonal seborrheic keratosis (SK), Bowen’s disease and actinic keratosis. An 86-year-old female presented with several decades history of huge brown, verrucous plaque on the right buttock. At initial biopsy, intraepidermal clonal expansion of polygonal basaloid cells were observed within acanthotic epidermis. She was diagnosed as clonal SK, and was removed by CO2 laser ablation. After 3 months, she returned with polypoid grouped papules on the previously treated area. Histologic examination showed intraepidermal proliferation of small to medium-sized polygonal basaloid cells as well as large cells with abundant clear cytoplasm. Atypical cells with large, hyperchromatic nuclei were observed. There was a component of eccrine syringofibroadenoma which is characterized by thin, anastomosing cords of epithelial networks with duct formation extending from the base of the tumor. Tumor cells were stained with EMA and PAS. Final diagnosis was HAS combined with eccrine poroma, eccrine syringofibroadenoma and focal malignant changes. Herein we report a case showing natural history of eccrine tumor from HAS to malignant changes over time.

The Korean Society of Gastroenterology & SIDDS 2020 : Slide Session ;K-UG-23 : Upper GI Tract ; Does Discharge Hemoglobin Affect Outcome of Patients with Acute Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding?

( Jae Min Lee ),( Hoon Jai Chun ),( In Kyung Yoo ),( Seung Joo Nam ),( Seung Han Kim ),( Hyuk Soon Choi ),( Eun Sun Kim ),( Bora Keum ),( Yoon Tae Jeen ),( Hong Sik Lee ),( Chang Duck Kim ),( Ho Sang 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Many patients with gastrointestinal bleeding show anemia and usually need red blood cell transfusion. But clinicians are concerned about low hemoglobin affects prognosis and clinical outcome after discharge. This study aimed to assess whether discharge hemoglobin infi uence on outcomes, or not, in patient with acute non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods: Retrospective analysis was carried out on patients who had upper gastrointestinal bleeding between January 2011 and December 2012. We analyzed the patients who had lowest hemoglobin below 10 g/dL during hospitalization. Patients with variceal bleeding, stroke, or cardiovascular disease were excluded. We divided the patients into two groups by discharge hemoglobin (Low discharge hemoglobin group; 8 g/dL = hemoglobin and compared clinical outcomes and hemoglobin level changes. Results: A total of 212 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding were undergone the endoscopic hemostasis during study periods. One hundred two patients were satisfi ed the inclusion criteria. fifty patients discharged with hemoglobin level under 10 g/dL and fi fty two patients discharged with hemoglobin level over 10 g/dL. Patients in low discharge hemoglobin group showed a lower consumption of pRBC and shorter hospital days than patients in high discharge hemoglobin group. Hemoglobin levelswere not fully recovered at out-patient department until 7 days after discharge. But, most patients showed hemoglobin recovery at 45 days after discharge.Conclusions: In patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding, discharge hemoglobin between 8 to 10 g/dL was showed favorable outcomes during out-patient department follow-up. It seems to be tolerable level without additional pRBC transfusion. Our result can increase the evidence available to support restrictive transfusion strategies in patients with acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

한우, 칡소 및 제주 흑우 Calpain-Calpastatin 유전자 다양성

이승환,김승창,조수현,최봉환,Aditi Sharma,임다정,당창권,장선식,김재환,고문석,양보석,강희설 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2013 농업과학연구 Vol.40 No.2

The aim of study was to investigate genetic diversity for the calpain/calpastatin gene in three Hanwoo breeds [(Brown (n=62), Brindle (n=81) and Jeju Black (n=30)]. Random samples from three breeds of Hanwoo were selected and genotyped for the 7 SNPs of calpain/calpastatin using TaqMan method. Allele frequencies were investigated for CAPN1/CAST gene. Allele frequency of CAST2 SNP was 0.75, 0.59 and 0.22 for Brown, Brindle and Jeju black, respectively. The CAST3 revealed allele frequency of 0.59 and 0.57 in Brown and Jeju Black, while it showed very low allele frequency (0.07) in Brindle. In particular, favorable allele (G allele) for the CAPN1-2 SNP which was shown a strong association with tenderness in Taurine and Indicine cattle revealed 16% and 17% higher allele frequency in Brown Hanwoo (0.82) comparing Brindle (0.66) and Jeju Black Hanwoo (0.65). AMOVA demonstrated that among population variance occupied only 10% of total variance and among individual variance was 0%, while within individual variance was 90% of total variance. This result showed that population effect contributed very small portion of genetic to these three Hanwoo breeds, while within individual variance contributed large portion of genetic diversity within these Hanwoo breeds. In conclusion, three Hanwoo breeds (Brown, Brindle and Jeju black) showed a genetically homogeneous based on the 7 SNPs of CAPN1/CAST gene and it came from same ancestor to form modern Hanwoo breed.

Operation Range‑Optimized Silver Nanowire Through Junction Treatment

Jae‑Chan Lee,Jong‑Sung Lee,Phillip Won,Jung Jae Park,Seok Hwan Choi,Seung Hwan Ko,Byoung‑Joon Kim,이소연,Young‑Chang Joo 대한금속·재료학회 2020 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.16 No.5

In past decades, stretchable conductors have been investigated for a wide range of applications, and the operation strain rangeof such devices varies by application. To commercialize stretchable devices, it is necessary to optimize the deformation ofstretchable electrodes based on a given device elongation range. Therefore, we investigated the deformation mechanics ofa silver nanowire (AgNW) electrode on an elastomeric substrate depending on its junction treatment method. At low-strain(< 15%), a thermally annealed AgNW electrode showed more stable resistance than a laser-welded AgNW electrode. Conversely,at high strain (> 20%), the thermally annealed AgNW electrode rapidly increased in resistance, while the laser-weldedAgNW electrode showed lower resistivity change. By in situ surface analysis and a repetitive tensile test, we observed thatthe thermally annealed AgNW electrode shows less cracking at low strain but the laser-welded AgNW electrode exhibitsfracturing of individual nanowires at low strain. Furthermore, at high strain, laser-welded AgNWs could slide to reducestress during elongation, resulting in a smaller change in resistance compared to that of thermally annealed AgNW electrode. These results indicate that optimization of adhesion is necessary to fabricate stretchable devices based on deformation range.

An Electrochemical Enzyme Immunochip Based on Capacitance Measurement for the Detection of IgG

Yi, Seung-Jae,Choi, Ji-Hye,Kim, Hwa-Jung,Chang, Seung-Cheol,Park, Deog-Su,Kim, Kyung-Chun,Chang, Chulhun L. Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.4

This study describes the development of an electrochemical array immunochip for the detection of IgG. Interdigitated immunochip platforms were fabricated by sputtering gold on a glass wafer by using MEMS process and then were coated with Eudragit S100, an enteric polymer, forming an insulating layer over the working area of immunochips. The breakdown of the polymer layer was exemplified by the catalytic action of urease which, in the presence of urea, caused an alkaline pH change. This subsequently caused an increase of the double layer capacitance of the underlying electrode. Used in conjunction with a competitive immunoassay format, this allowed the ratio of initial to final electrode capacitance to be directly linked with the concentration of analyte, i.e. IgG. Responses to IgG could be detected at IgG concentration as low as $250\;ngmL^{-1}$ and showed good linearity up to IgG concentration as high as $20\;{\mu}gmL^{-1}$.

金井山 林道開設에 따르는 問題点에 관한 硏究

이경재,류창희,김승환,박승범 東亞大學校生命資源科學大學附設 農業資源硏究所 1993 農業生命資援硏究 Vol.2 No.1

Mt. Gum-Jung is a very important mountain of Pusan which is connected to the large branch of Mt. Baek-Du, range including Mt. Baek-Du, Mt. Un-Ju, Mt. Ka-Zi, Chui-Seo and Mt. Gum-Jung. It is also attached to Nak-Dong river linked to Mt. Baek-Yang and Mt. Seung-Hak. Regarding the Korean peninsula as one natural ecosystem, the large branch of Mt. Gum-Jung. Therefore, it is very important to primarily preserve it from ecological point of view. In case of constructing the forest road, the width of the road is 4 meters approximately, but the actual damaged width of the forest which includes the shoulder of both sides of the road, drainage ditches and the areas cutting the lower plants of trees, will be around 20∼28 meters. Since the forest road paved with concrete pavements and the gravel divides the ecosystem of the forests and thus destroys the ecological system, it should be paved with the natural materials, such as soils, herbals and so forth. The forests of Mt. Gum-Jung which have almost been in the 2nd transitional stage, have some areas showing active ecosystem restoration, such as Carpinus spp., so they should be preserved very thoroughly. The marshy ecosystem of about 27,720㎡ which is at the height of 600meters above sea level, west to North Gate of Mt. Gum-Jung Castle, has the high watertable formed naturally. The existence of the marshy at the near of the mountain top is a remarkably rare phenomenon, the preservation of as the marshy ecosystem is absolutely necessary. At present, this area is completely destroyed by the thoughtless use. Furthermore, the construction of the drainage due to the forest roads may cause the change of the waterable height of the marshy ecosystem. The construction of the forest road near to the to of the mountain, having th egood landscape and the historic relics, results in many problems with the landscape. Putting together, the construction of the forest roads should consider the totality of Mt. Gum-Jung instead of only considering forest preservation. Also the scientific method of a sustainable use should be sought, which fully incorporates the problems such as the width and size of the forest roads, the pavement methods and materials, and the choice of sites without ecological and landscape problems.