GPS를 이용한 이차원 자세결정 시스템의 오차해석

임영재,박찬식 충북대학교 컴퓨터 정보통신 연구소 2000 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.8 No.1

본 논문에서는 두 개의 GPS(Global Positioning System) 안테나를 항체에 장착하고 이로부터 구해진 두 안테나간의 기저선 벡터를 이용하여 구해진 항체의 자세 오차를 해석하고 그 결과를 보인다. GPS를 이용하여 측정된 기저선 벡터의 정확도는 위성의 배치나 수신기의 측정잡음, 다중경로, 기저선 길이, 기저선 배치, 기준방향에 의해 정확도가 결정됨을 보였으며, 또한 항체의 자세를 측정할 때 측정 오차를 최소화 할 수 있는 기준 방향을 제시하였다. 실제 데이터를 이용하여 항체의 자세를 측정한 결과를 분석하고 이 결과가 본 논문에서 제시하는 오차해석 결과와 일치함을 보였다. In this paper, the error characteristics of GPS (Global Positioning System) compass, a system which measures heading and elevation using carrier phase measurements from two antennas, is analyzed. The result shows that the precision of the measured attitude relies on factors such as satellite geometry, receiver measurement noise, multipath, baseline length, baseline configuration and nominal attitude. It is also shown that, if baseline is in level, accuracy of heading is better than that of elevation since the vertical measurement uncertainty caused by GPS constellation affects only the accuracy of elevation calculation. The basic directions for minimizing the errors of attitude determination are also given. The experimental results with real data shows that the actual error lies within the predicted error range obtained the proposed analysis.

산소분압열처리를 이용한 폐기물산화철로부터의 단상 및 복합상 산화철의 제조

임희대,이찬규,허석환,박연준 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1998 産技硏論文集 Vol.12 No.-

Oxygen pressure heat-treatment with CO-CO2 gas mixture was introduced to purify the waste oxidized iron in shortblast process. To determine the temperture and oxygen partial pressure, Fe-O phase diagrams was used. single phase FeO, Fe₃O₄and composite phase FeO-Fe₃O₄, Fe-FeO could be obtained sucessfully in the range of 10(-17)∼10(-19) in Po₂at 800℃.

염화수소와 폐놀에 의한 다이옥신의 생성 메카니즘

任齊彬,丁泰燮,朴贊洙 全北大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.41 No.-

This study on the formation mechanism of dioxins was performed under the viewpoint of de novo synthesis. And the structures and isomers of PCDD/PCDF were researched. The characteristics of molecular structure of PCDD/PCDF - heat of formation, ionization potential and atomic charges - were also investigated by using the chemical software program, and the following conclusions may be drawn. 1. HCl generated in PVCs is ranged 0.3 to 0.49gHCl/g gasification and 0.03 to 0.06 gHCl/g residue. 2. Phenol detected in papers is ranged 4.35 to 6.1㎍/ml per g-gasification and 1.9 to 2.97㎍/ml per gresidue. 3. PCDD's isomers number 75 and PCDF's 135. And heat of formation of 4∼8. PCDD is computed at from -44.22 to -47.98kcal/mol, 4∼8. PCDF -8.41 to -14.44kcal/mol.

석분과 황토를 사용한 건자재 제품 개발 연구

성찬용,류능환,윤준노,김영익,임상혁 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 2003 석재연 논문집 Vol.8 No.-

본 연구는 석분과 황토를 사용한 건자재 제품을 개발하기 위하여 황토의 첨가량를 5종류, 석분의 첨가량을 3종류로 하여 총 16종류의 모르타르에 대하여 단위중량, 흡수율, 압축강도, 휨강도, 동탄성계수, 초음파진동속도, 중성화 깊이에 대하여 구명하였다. 단위중량, 압축강도, 휨강도, 동탄성계수 및 초음파진동속도는 황토와 석분의 사용량이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고, 흡수율과 중성화 깊이는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 주사전자현미경에 의한 관찰에서는 비활성황토의 사용량이 증가할수록 결정이 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 황토의 사용량은 강도적인 측면에서는 결합재량의 40%까지 사용이 가능하고, 흡수율 측면에서는 10%까지 사용이 가능하며, 건자재의 사용목적에 따라 황토의 사용량을 조절하는 것이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study is to obtain the basic data for the development of construction materialproducts using stone dust and non-active Hwangto. The results of physical and mechanical properties were as follows. The unit weight, compressive and flexural strengths, dynamic modulus and ultrasonic pulse velocity are decreased with increase of the stone dust and Hwangto. The absorption ratio and neutralization depth are increased with increase of the stone dust and Hwangto. In the results of SEM analysis, the crystals are increased with increase of the non-active Hwangto. Accordingly, the Hwangto may be suitably used as a cement replacement material in the construction material products.

재생굵은골재를 사용한 콘크리트의 동결융해 특성

성찬용,윤준노,김영익,임상혁,정덕현 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2003 농업과학연구 Vol.30 No.2

이 연구는 플라이 애시를 결합재 중량의 20%, 재생굵은골재를 천연쇄석굵은 골재의 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%를 치환하여 압축강도와 동결융해 특성을 구명하였으며, 이 연구를 통해 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 재령 28일의 압축강도는 모든 배합비와 W/B 35%에서 400㎏f/㎠이상으로 나타나 고강도콘크리트에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 2. 중량감소율은 동결융해 300사이클에서 1%미만으로 나타났고, 표면박리와 같은 현상은 나타나지 않았으며, 재생골재의 대체율이 증가할수록 감소율은 증가하였다. 3. 초음파진동속도는 동결융해 300사이클에서 19~24%정도의 감소율을 나타내었으며, 재생골재의 대체율이 증가할수록 감소율은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 4. 상대동탄성계슈는 재생골재의 대체율에 따라 60~72%의 범위로 나타내었으며, 재생골재 대체율이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 5. 내구성지수는 모든 배합에서 60이상을 나타내었으나, 재생골재 대체율이 100%일때는 급격히 떨어지는 경향을 나타내었다. 6. 재생굵은골재를 사용한 콘크리트의 압축강도, 중량감소율, 초음파진동속도, 상대동탄성계수, 내구성지수 시험결과를 볼 때, 시험에 사용한 재생굵은 골재는 고강도콘크리트에 사용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. This study was performed to examine the freezing and thawing properties of the high strength concrete using recycled coarse aggregate. The recycled coarse aggregate was replaced by 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of natural crushed aggregate. The compressive strength of the concrete used recycled coarse aggregate was shown in more than 400kgf/㎤ at the curing age 28 days. The weight loss ratio by freezing and thawing was shown in less than 1% at all mix type. The pulse velocity and relative dynamic modulus were decreased with increasing the freezing and thawing cycles. Also, durability factor for the freezing and thawing were decreased with increasing the content of recycled coarse aggregate. But, recycled concrete replaced with recycled coarse aggregate 100% was shown in more than 60 by durability factor in freezing and thawing of 300cycles Accordingly, these recycled coarse aggregate can be used for high strength concrete.

발모제가 발모효과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

최경임,이진태,안봉전,최은영,박찬익 경산대학교 생명자원개발연구소 2002 생명자원과 산업 Vol.6 No.-

지금까지의 발모관리는 의학적인 차원에서 원형탈모, 남성형 탈모증 및 약제에 의한 병리학적인 연구가 있었으나 미용적인 관리에 대한 연구가 거의 없었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 약품을 사용하지 않고 순수한 발모촉진 화장품과 두피관리 프로그램을 중심으로 발모관리를 통해 탈모개선 효과를 비교검토하였다. 탈모자를 여러 그룹으로 선발하고 발모제를 달리 처방하여 모발의 굵기, SEM 촬영, 수분측정, 정상인의 모발상태와 탈모자의 모발상태를 TEM 촬영하여 비교 분석하였다. 먼저 두피관리 전과 후의 수분함량의 차이는 평균 16% 상승하였다. 발두께 비교실험에서는 정상모에 비해 탈모자의 모발이 최대 38.6%가 작은 것으로 나타났으며, 모유두와 모간의 촬영사진에서는 탈모자의 모유두는 덜 발달되어 있었고, 변형된 모유두 형태가 많았다. 전자현미경을 통한 모표피의 SEM촬영에서는 탈모자나 정상모나 표면적으로 큰 차이는 없었다. 오히려 탈모자의 경우에는 모발이 약하고 건강하지 못하기 때문에 화학적인 처방을 하는 염색이나 펌 등을 하지 않아서 모발의 큐티클 층은 정상인의 모발보다 건강한 상태로 보였다. 두피측정에서는 관리 후 A, B, C 군의 비교에서 세 그룹 모두 두피의 현저한 개선효과를 보였다. 육모제를 사용한 A, B, Group과 영양제를 사용하지 않고 스캘링과 관리를 한 C군 모두 발모효과가 있었으며, 두피관리를 전혀 하지 않는 D군은 발모효과나 두피의 개선효과는 전혀 없었다. 전자 현미경을 통한 모발의 단면 촬영에서는 정상모발이 탈모자의 모발보다 피질이 부드럽고 풍성하게 잘 형성되어 있었다. 탈모자의 경우는 매우 심각한 고민거리인데 본 실험의 결과 가장 효과적인 발모 관리는 육모제로 두피의 혈액순환을 도와주고 평소생활에서 Brushing으로 모공이 막히지 않도록 꾸준한 손질을 함으로써 발모 및 두피개선이 될 수 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Twenty working people from 30s to 50s whose hairs were in the process of losing were selected for this study. They were divided into four groups as A, B, C and D. Their hairs were sampled to compare the thickness of the hairs through a optical microscope. Using hair care products from two marketing companies, once a week, Group A and B were treated scalp scaling and steam treatment during ten minutes. After applying vitamin cream the scalp was examined using a bio-beam every 5 minutes. Group C did not receive any vitamin cream but had the same treatment as A and B. Group D used no vitamin cream and receives no treatment. The results were as follows: In Comparison losing hair surface with healthy hair surface by electronic microscope, losing hair took place when the scalp has keratin or too much fat. After comparing the amount of moisture before and after care by a moisture measurement instrument, the amount of moisture has been outstandingly increased. As a result of observing hair root and hair shaft, hair root appeared to be less developed than healthy hair. These results showed that hair care is need to be constantly research and illuminate with regard to the proper care.

OECD加入에 따른 우리나라 保險産業의 對應方案

趙任濟,崔文燦 東亞大學校 1997 東亞論叢 Vol.34 No.-

The objective of this study is to examine Korean insurnace industry’ s confrontational strategy under OECD affiliation. As we know, OECD is promoting liberalization in insurance and other invisible operations since 1961. The framework of liberalization in insurance is being promoted by OECD Insurance Committee among member countries. As a much broader framework for promotion of liberalization or elimination of barriers in international trade, GATT in its Uruguay Round of negotiations, newly proposed establishment of a multilateral agreement on principles and rules for trade in services, including insurance. The talks in this Uruguay Round of GATT are reported to have focused on obtaining a services agreement consisting of three parts:a broad framework agreement-called the General Agreement on Trade in Services-stipulating principles and rules :a set of annexes concerned with particular service sectors such as insurance in detail ; and a list of commitments by countries to open their services markets to foreign firms. In the discusssions on this matter, a law that markes it difficult for an insurance from one country to set up in pther country is cited as an example of a barrier to trade in services. Particularly in regards to protectionism in international insurance prevailing among developing countries, there are a number of reasons in the background. Since insurance is a parts of much larger probems a nation is faced with liberalization of insurance cannot be considered and pushed in its isolation. Korean insurance market is a well-organized, but strongly regulated market. There is fierce competition amng insurance companies in respect to insurance sales and sales channels, but competition in price is mostly restricted. Such conditions of Korean insurance market have another important implication that so much depends on sales force building in the management of insurance companies. This is essentially a common feature to the business of insurance, but more true in KOrea. Without aggressive and extensive sales force building, for which a heavy investment and sophisticated know-how are required, no company, domestic or foreign, will succeed in penetrating into Korean insurance market. Deregulation in Korean insurance market is obviously unavoidable. The question to be asked are "how much" and "in what ways". The answer will be some types of regulated competition. Then, the picture of foreign companies presence in Korean insurance market might change and become much larger. Since "deregulation" is the foremost fundamental issue, Korean insurance industry is now faced with, the supervisory authorities should confidently take the initiatives of this reform for the best, regardless of any external pressure.

천공된 비특이성 결장 궤양에 의한 후복막 기종 1예

임정근,김정용,박찬국 대한대장항문학회 1994 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.10 No.4

정상 초기 임신에서 갑상선 기능과 입덧의 심한 정도와의 상관관계에 관한 연구

이은찬,이임순,조태호 순천향의학연구소 1997 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.3 No.1

Nausea and vomiting are extremely common symptoms in first trimester of the pregnancy. The reported frequency is ranging from 50-75% of all pregnancy. Hyperemesis gravidarum is clinically characterized by profuse vomiting which may some time be so severe as to cause electrolytes imbalance especially hypokalemia which can be like threatening or even fatal requiring hospitalization and intravenous therapy. Pregnant women with severe emesis might have a similar condition of non-thyroidal illness. However, little is known about the relation between morning sickness and thyroid function. Mori(1988) reported that increased free T₄and hCG and decreased TSH correlated with the severity of morning sickness, and these changes were especially marked in subject with nausea and vomiting. Thyroid gland is physiologically activated in early pregnancy, possibly by hCG or related substance, which may be gestational emesis. The purpose of this study was to determine thyroid function in early pregnancy with reference to morning sickness, using a highly sensitive immunoradiometric assay for TSH and a newly developed free T₄RIA that is not influenced by changes in thyroxine-binding globulin or albumin. The results were as follows: 1. Among groups in early pregnancy, the severity of morning sickness correlated significantly with changes of free T₄(p<0.05), TSH(p<0.01) and hCG(p<0.05) 2. The serum levels of free T₄in all 100 pregnant women correlated negatively with their TSH level (r=-0.451, p<0.001) and positively with their hCG levels (r=0.292, p<0.05). More their serum TSH levels correlated negatively with hCG levels(r=-0.279, p<0.05) 3. The increased free T₄and decreased TSH in subjects with emesis returned to the normal ranges of nonpregnant controls after improvement of emesis in five normal pregnant women. 4. An increased level of free T₄and a reduced level of TSH in early normal pregnancy are not indication of thyrotoxicosis and may not necessitate antithyroid drug treatment.

만성 부비동염 환자에서 비기류에 대한 민감도의 변화

나기상,이석호,임동우,김병국,박찬일 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1999 충남의대잡지 Vol.26 No.2

Nasal patency may be considered to have two aspects: the resistance to airflow and the sensation of airflow. Although the sensation of nasal airflow has received little attention from clinicians, it is likely that it is of great importance in clinical practice. However, there are no study that assess the sensation of nasal airflow in patients complaining of nasal obstruction. The aim of this study is to assess the airflow sensitivity of the nose in patients with chronic paranasal sinusitis. To assess the airflow sensitivity, we designed an apparatus delivering a pulsing jet of air at varying velocities. We measured threshold velocities at six different sites of each nasal cavity in fifteen patients and compared with the values in normal subjects. All patients had bilateral chronic sinusitis with polyp. The threshold velocities at all but site 5 were higher in sinusitis patients than in normal subjects. The difference at site 1, 3, 4 and 6 was statistically significant. Since a high threshold velocity indicates low sensitivity, our results suggest that airflow sensitivity is lowered in patients with chronic sinusitis. Disturbance of airflow sensation may contribute to the sensation of nasal obstruction in patients with chronic paranasal sinusitis.