Gut commensal Bacteroides acidifaciens prevents obesity and improves insulin sensitivity in mice

Yang, J-Y,Lee, Y-S,Kim, Y,Lee, S-H,Ryu, S,Fukuda, S,Hase, K,Yang, C-S,Lim, H S,Kim, M-S,Kim, H-M,Ahn, S-H,Kwon, B-E,Ko, H-J,Kweon, M-N Society for Mucosal Immunology 2017 Mucosal immunology Vol.10 No.1

<P>In humans, the composition of gut commensal bacteria is closely correlated with obesity. The bacteria modulate metabolites and influence host immunity. In this study, we attempted to determine whether there is a direct correlation between specific commensal bacteria and host metabolism. As mice aged, we found significantly reduced body weight and fat mass in Atg7(Delta CD11c) mice when compared with Atg7(f/f) mice. When mice shared commensal bacteria by cohousing or feces transfer experiments, body weight and fat mass were similar in both mouse groups. By pyrosequencing analysis, Bacteroides acidifaciens (BA) was significantly increased in feces of Atg7(Delta CD11c) mice compared with those of control Atg7(f/f) mice. Wild-type C57BL/6 (B6) mice fed with BA were significantly more likely to gain less weight and fat mass than mice fed with PBS. Of note, the expression level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARa) was consistently increased in the adipose tissues of Atg7(Delta CD11c) mice, B6 mice transferred with fecal microbiota of Atg7(Delta CD11c) mice, and BA-fed B6 mice. Furthermore, B6 mice fed with BA showed elevated insulin levels in serum, accompanied by increased serum glucagon-like peptide-1 and decreased intestinal dipeptidyl peptidase-4. These finding suggest that BA may have potential for treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity.</P>

혈액검체로부터 분리된 황색포도구균의 독소유전자형 및 PFGE 분석

이영선,차정옥,정영희,최연화,양숙자,김홍빈,유재일,김봉수 국립보건연구원 2000 국립보건원보 Vol.37 No.-

ASK1/JNK-mediated TAp63 activation controls the cell survival signal of baicalein-treated EBV-transformed B cells

Park, G. B.,Kim, Y. S.,Lee, H. K.,Yang, J. W.,Kim, D.,Hur, D. Y. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY - Vol.412 No.1

<P>Transcriptionally active p63 (TAp63) promotes cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis in several cancer cells. Migration inhibitory factor (MIF)/CD74 regulates B-cell survival through nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B-dependent TAp63 expression. In this study, we investigated how the level of TAp63 expression influences the induction of apoptosis in baicalein-treated EBV-transformed B cells. Baicalein induced the expression of TAp63 and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), as well as cytotoxicity, by disrupting the mitochondrial membrane and inhibiting the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and NF-kappa B. Genetic knockdown of TAp63 or ASK1 by small interfering RNA resulted in protection from apoptosis accompanied by the recovery of CD74, CD44, alpha 4 integrin, Bcl-2, and NF-kappa B activation. Baicalein-induced reactive oxygen species activated the ASK1/JNK pathway with subsequent expression of TAp63. Pre-engagement with MIF/CD74 maintained the expression of CD74, CD44, and alpha 4 integrin, as well as Syk/Src-mediated PI3K/Akt activation, in baicalein-treated EBV-transformed B cells. Meanwhile, ASK1/JNK-dependent TAp63 expression was efficiently suppressed after pre-treatment with MIF. Our results suggest that baicalein-mediated ASK1/JNK activation regulates the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway through the up-regulation of TAp63 and downregulation of NF-kappa B and CD74/CD44 in B-cell malignancies.</P>

The inability of Bacillus licheniformis perR mutant to grow is mainly due to the lack of PerR-mediated fur repression

Kim, J. H.,Yang, Y. M.,Ji, C. J.,Ryu, S. H.,Won, Y. B.,Ju, S. Y.,Kwon, Y.,Lee, Y. E.,Youn, H.,Lee, J. W. MICROBIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF KOREA 2017 JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY -SEOUL- Vol. No.

<P>PerR, a member of Fur family protein, is a metal-dependent H2O2 sensing transcription factor that regulates genes involved in peroxide stress response. Industrially important bacterium Bacillus licheniformis contains three PerR-like proteins (PerR(BL), PerR2, and PerR3) compared to its close relative Bacillus subtilis. Interestingly, unlike other bacteria including B. subtilis, no authentic perR (BL) null mutant could be established for B. licheniformis. Thus, we constructed a conditional perR (BL) mutant using a xylose-inducible promoter, and investigated the genes under the control of PerR(BL). PerR(BL) regulon genes include katA, mrgA, ahpC, pfeT, hemA, fur, and perR as observed for PerR(BS). However, there is some variation in the expression levels of fur and hemA genes between B. subtilis and B. licheniformis in the derepressed state. Furthermore, katA, mrgA, and ahpC are strongly induced, whereas the others are only weakly or not induced by H2O2 treatment. In contrast to the B. subtilis perR null mutant which frequently gives rise to large colony phenotype mainly due to the loss of katA, the suppressors of B. licheniformis perR mutant, which can form colonies on LB agar, were all catalase-positive. Instead, many of the suppressors showed increased levels of siderophore production, suggesting that the suppressor mutation is linked to the fur gene. Consistent with this, perR fur double mutant could grow on LB agar without Fe supplementation, whereas perR katA double mutant could only grow on LB agar with Fe supplementation. Taken together, our data suggest that in B. licheniformis, despite the similarity in PerR(BL) and PerR(BS) regulon genes, perR is an essential gene required for growth and that the inability of perR null mutant to grow is mainly due to elevated expression of Fur.</P>

비육돈에 미생물제제 급여시 분뇨 특성에 미치는 효과

곽정훈,최동윤,박치호,김재환,정광화,양창범,유용희,천현식,라창식,Kwag, J.H.,Choi, D.Y.,Park, Ch.H.,Kim, J.H.,Jeong, K.H.,Yang, Ch.B.,Yoo, Y.H.,Chen, H.S.,La, C.S. 한국축산환경학회 2007 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.13 No.3

본시험은 비육돈사료에 미생물제제를 사료에 미생물제제 A 및 B 0.1 미생물제제 C를 0.2% 혼합 급여할 경우 사료섭취량 및 돈분의 오염물질 배설농도에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 4처리$\times$반복당 5두로서 총 20두를 공시하여 실시하였는데 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 비육돈의 일일 평균사료섭취량은 대조구 3.15 kg/일.두였고 미생물A, B, C구는 각각 3.14kg/일/두, 3.31, 3.42로 미생물제제 C구에서 일일 사료섭취량이 가장 높게 조사되었으며(p<0.05), 2. 일일평균 음수량은 사료섭취량이 높았던 미생물 C구에서 3.95kg/일/두로 가장 높게 조사되었다(p<0.05). 3. 미생물제제 처리구별로 분뇨배설량은 사료섭취량이 높았던 미생물제제 C구에서 가장 많이 배설되는 것으로 조사되었으며(p<0.05), 돈뇨의 배설량도 미생물제제 C구에서 2.23kg/일/두에서 높았다(p<0.05). 4. 돈분뇨의 수분 함량은 및 비료성분인 T-N, $P_{2}O_{5}$, $K_{2}O$ 성분도 처리 간에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다(p<0.05). 5. 돈분뇨의 평균 BOD 농도는 돈분의 경우 미생물제제 B, C제제 급여구가 유의적으로 높게 조사되었다(p<0.05). 그리고 돈뇨의 BOD의 경우에는 대조구에서 $8,657.5mg/{\ell}$로 가장 높은 것으로 조사되었다(p<0.05). 6. COD 농도는 대조구에서 가장 높게 조사되었으며(p<0.05). 돈뇨의 경우에는 미생물제제 A급여구에서 평균 $9,545mg/{\ell}$로 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 7. SS 농도는 미생물제제 B급여구에서 가장 높게 조사되었으며(p<0.05), 돈분뇨중의 T-N 농도는 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다(p<0.05). 그리고 T-P 농도의 경우에는 미생물제제 C급여구에서 유의적인 차이가 나는 것으로 조사되었다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 요약해보면 비육돈에 미생물제제 혼합급여시 사료섭취량과 음수량을 증가시키는데 효과가 있는 것으로 조사되었으나, 비료성분 배설량에는 큰 차이를 보이지 않는 것으로 조사되었으나, BOD 등 오염물질농도의 경우에는 미생물제제 A급여구에서 가장 낮게 조사되어 비육돈사료에 미생물제제 급여시 오염물질 저감효과가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. Study for the effect of three different microbial feed additives(henceforth MA-A, MA-B, and MA-C) on feed coversion rate, and physical and chemical characteristics of swine finisher was conducted. MA-B had higher number of Lactobacillus spp. and yeast, compared to any other. The amylase activity of MA-B was also higher than any other. The daily feed intake rates of pigs fed control, MA-A, MA-B and MA-C were 3.15, 3.14, 3.31 and 3.42 kg, respectively. MA-C had the highest weight gain. However, there was no significant difference between treatments. The weights of feces daily excreted by pigs fed control, MA-A, MA-B, and MA-C were 2.14, 2.02, 2.18, and 2.23 kg/day, respectively. The volume of urine daily excreted by pigs fed control, MA-A, MA-B, and MA-C were 3.14, 3.26, 3.27, and $3.41\;{\ell}/day$, respectively. Water content, T-N, $P_{2}O_{5}$, and $K_{2}O$ in swine manure were not significantly different between treatments. The BOD were between 42,576 and $67,450\;mg/{\ell}$ for feces and were between 5,882.5 and $8,657.5\;mg/{\ell}$ for urine, respectively. The SS were between 138,000 and $180,000\;mg/{\ell}$ for feces and were between 875.0 and $1450.0mg/{\ell}$ for urine, respectively.

육성돈에 미생물제제 급여시 분뇨 특성에 미치는 효과 연구

곽정훈,최동윤,박치호,김재환,정광화,양창범,유용희,라창식,Kwag, J.H.,Choi, D.Y.,Park, Ch.H.,Kim, J.H.,Jeong, K.H.,Yang, Ch.B.,Yoo, Y.H.,La, C.S. 한국축산환경학회 2007 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.13 No.1

본 시험은 육성돈 사료에 미생물제제를 사료에 미생물제제 A 및 B 0.1 미생물제제 C를 0.2% 혼합 급여할 경우 사료섭취량 및 돈분의 오염물질 배설농도에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 4처리$\times$반복당 5두로서 총 20두를 공시하여 실시하였는데 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 육성비육돈의 일일 평균사료섭취량은 대조구 2.06kg/일.두였고 미생물 A, B, C 구는 각각 2.13kg/일.두, 2.17, 2.34로 미생물제제 C구에서 일일 사료섭취량이 가장 높게 조사되었으며(p<0.05), 2. 일일평균 음수량은 사료섭취량이 높았던 미생물 C구에서 2.89kg/일/두로 가장 높게 조사되었다(p<0.05). 3. 미생물제제 처리구별로 분뇨 배설량은 사료섭취량이 높았던 미생물제제 C 구에서 가장 많이 배설되는 것으로 조사되었으며 (0<0.05), 돈뇨의 배설량도 미생물제제 C구에서 2.31kg/일/두에서 높았다(p<0.05). 4. 육성돈의 성장단계별 돈분뇨의 수분 함량은 및 비료성분인 T-N, $P_2O_5,\;K_2O$ 성분도 처리간에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다(p<0.05). 5. 육성돈 분뇨의 평균 BOD 농도는 돈분의 경우 미생물제제 A, B제제 급여구가 유의적으로 높게 조사되었다(p<0.05). 그리고 돈뇨의 BOD의 경우에도 미생물제제 A급 여구에서 $6,537mg/\ell$로 가장 높은 것으로 조사되었다(p<0.05). 6. COD의 경우에도 미생물 C급여구에서 가장 높게 조사되었으며(p<0.05). 돈뇨의 경우에는 미생물제제 A급여구에서 평균 $8,566mg\ell$로 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 7. SS 농도는 대조구에서 가장 높게 조사 되었으며(p<0.05), 그 다음이 미생물 B> 미생물 C> 대조구 순으로 조사되었다. 8. 돈분뇨중의 T-N 농도는 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다(p<0.05). 9. 돈분중의 T-P 농도는 미생물제제 처리 구간별로 미생물제제 A, C 급여구에서 유의적인 차이가 나는 것으로 조사되었다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 요약해보면 육성돈에 미생물제제 혼합급여는 사료섭취량을 증가시키는데 효과가 있으나 비료성분 배설량에는 큰 차이를 보이지 않는 것으로 조사되었으며, 오염물질 배설량의 경우에는 사료섭취량이 높은 미생물제제 C 급여구에서 높은 것으로 조사되었다. The effects of microbial feedstuff additives on feed conversion rate and physical and chemical characteristics of excreta in growing pigs were investigated. Three different products (A, B and C) were compared. Microbial population tests showed B contained higher numbers of total bacteria, Lactobacillus spp. and yeasts. The amylase activity of B was also higher than that of A and C. The daily feed intake rates fer control, A, B and C were 2.06, 2.13, 2.17 and 2.34 kg, respectively. Pigs feed product C had the highest liveweight gain(2.89 kg). However, the results of feed conversion rate were not significantly different between treatments. Amount of faces excreted for control, A, B and C was 1.18, 1,19, 1.23 and 1.32 kg, respectively. Urine volume for control, A, B, and C was 1.91, 1.80, 2.19 and 2.31 kg respectively. Moisture content, T-N, $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ in pig manure were not significantly different between treatments. The range of BOD values was 63,453 to $73,758mg/\ell$ for faeces, and 5,678 to $7,428mg/\ell$, for urine. SS values of solid and liquid excreta ranged from 142,200 to 176,000 and from 710 to $1,025mg/\ell$, respectively.

하지마비 환자에서의 섬유소 용해능의 변화

양수현,양영표,이근,박봉철,채동호,이홍복,변종훈,계경채,박선양 대한내과학회 1992 대한내과학회지 Vol.42 No.1

혈전증과 색전증의 발생빈도는 하지마비 환자에서 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 이런 환자들에서 혈전 발생에 섬유소 용해계의 변화가 어떤 작용을 하는가를 밝히기 위해 저자들은 1년에서 21년 동안 하지마비 상태에 있는 환자 11명의 혈중 섬유소 용해계 변화를 조사하였다. 환자군과 정상대조군 16명의 상지와 하지로부터 정맥혈을 채혈했다. PA 활성도는 ^(125)I-fibrin plate 방법으로 PAI 활성도는 Z-Lys-S-B키 assay로 각각 측정하였다. tPA와 PAI-1 항원은 ELISA법으로 측정했다. 환자군에서 상지와 하지 PA 활성도는 정상대조군에 비해 의미있게 감소했다. (상지 ; 0.13±0.09AU/㎖ vs 0.45±0.25AU/㎖, P=0.0001 : 하지 ; 0.18±0.18AU/㎖ vs 0.31±0.24AU/㎖, P=0.025). 환자군의 PAI-1 농도는 정상대조군에 비해 상지에서만 증가하는 경향을 보였다(23.46±10.39AU/㎖ vs 16.67±8.70AU/㎖, P=0.061). 환자군의 tPA 농도와 PAI 활성도는 정상대조군에 비해 의미있는 차이는 없었다. SDS-PAGE와 섬유소 Auto-graphy 분석에서 환자군에서 섬유소 용해대의 감소를 보였으나 분포형태는 본질적으로 정상대조군과 같았다. 하지마비 환자의 PA 활성도는 감소되고 PAI-1 농도는 증가하는 경향이 있는 것으로 나타나서 하지마비 환자에서 심부정맥 혈전증 발생과 관련이 있을 것으로 생각하였다. The incidence of thromboembolic complication has been shown high in paraplegic patients. To elucidate the possible role of changes in the fibrinolytic system in these patients to the development of thrombotic disorders, we evaluated the parameters of the blood fibrinolytic system in 11 patients who had been suffering from paraplegic limbs for one to 21 years. Venous blood samples were obtained from the upper and lower extremities of the patients and 16 normal volunteers as a control. Plasminogen activator (PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activities were measured by the ^(125)I-fibrin plate method and Z-Lys-SBzl assay, respectively. Plasma concentrations of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were determined by ELISA methods. PA activities in both upper and lower extremities of the paraplegic patients were significantly decreased compared to those in normal controls (upper extremities; 0.13±0.09AU/㎖ vs 0.45±0.25AU/㎖, P=0.0001: lower extremities; 0.18±0.18AU/㎖ vs 0.31±0.24AU/ ㎖, P=0.025). Plasma PAI-1 concentrations of the paraplgic patients showed increasing tendency only in the upper extrmities compared to those in normal subjects (23.46±10.39AU/㎖ vs 16.67±8.70AU/㎖, P=0.061). Plasma tPA concentrations and PAI activities in paraplegic patients were not significantly different from those in normal controls. SDS-PAGE and fibrin autographic analysis of the euglobulin fractions demonstrated decreased fibrinolytic bands in paraplegic patients. However, the patterns of distribution for the fibrinolytic bands were essentially the same as those in normal subjects. In conclusion, plasma PA activities from the paraplegic patients were demonstrated to be decreased with the increasing tendency in PAI-1 concentrations. We suggest that decreased fibrinolytic activity possibly resulting from an increase in PAI-1 concentrations might be a predisposing factor to deep vein thrombosis frequently associated in paraplegic patients.

Novel poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers prepared by heterogeneous saponification of electrospun poly(vinyl acetate)

Yang, S.B.,Lee, H.J.,Sabina, Y.,Kim, J.W.,Yeum, J.H. Elsevier 2016 Colloids and surfaces. A, Physicochemical and engi Vol.497 No.-

<P>Novel poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers were prepared through the heterogeneous saponification of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) nanofibers for the first time. To prepare the saponified PVA nanofibers, the effects of the alkali solution concentration and temperature were studied. It was found that the degree of saponification depended on the temperature and alkali solution concentration. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was utilized to characterize the morphology and properties of mats of the saponified PVA nanofibers, and unusual wrinkled and wound fibers were found. The conversion of PVAc nanofibers to PVA nanofibers was measured using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, X-ray diffraction measurements, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Forebrain-specific ablation of phospholipase Cγ1 causes manic-like behavior

Yang, Y R,Jung, J H,Kim, S-J,Hamada, K,Suzuki, A,Kim, H J,Lee, J H,Kwon, O-B,Lee, Y K,Kim, J,Kim, E-K,Jang, H-J,Kang, D-S,Choi, J-S,Lee, C J,Marshall, J,Koh, H-Y,Kim, C-J,Seok, H,Kim, S H,Choi, J H,Ch Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nat 2017 Molecular psychiatry Vol.22 No.10

<P>Manic episodes are one of the major diagnostic symptoms in a spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders that include schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder and bipolar disorder (BD). Despite a possible association between BD and the gene encoding phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCG1), its etiological basis remains unclear. Here, we report that mice lacking phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLC gamma 1) in the forebrain (Plcg1(f/f); CaMKII) exhibit hyperactivity, decreased anxiety-like behavior, reduced depressive-related behavior, hyperhedonia, hyperphagia, impaired learning and memory and exaggerated startle responses. Inhibitory transmission in hippocampal pyramidal neurons and striatal dopamine receptor D1-expressing neurons of Plcg1-deficient mice was significantly reduced. The decrease in inhibitory transmission is likely due to a reduced number of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic boutons, which may result from impaired localization and/or stabilization of postsynaptic CaMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) at inhibitory synapses. Moreover, mutant mice display impaired brain-derived neurotrophic factor-tropomyosin receptor kinase B-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, which could account for deficits of spatial memory. Lithium and valproate, the drugs presently used to treat mania associated with BD, rescued the hyperactive phenotypes of Plcg1(f/f); CaMKII mice. These findings provide evidence that PLC gamma 1 is critical for synaptic function and plasticity and that the loss of PLC gamma 1 from the forebrain results in manic-like behavior.</P>

한우 , 제주재래흑우 , 흑모화우와 갈모화우에서의 MSH Receptor(MC1R) 유전자의 유전자형 및 빈도 비교

양영훈,김규일,오성종,이성수,고서봉,강승률,오운용,양보석 한국동물자원과학회 2000 한국축산학회지 Vol.42 No.3

PCR-RFLP analysis of MSH receptor (melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor; MCIR) gene was carried out to confirm the genotypes and frequencies in Korean Cattle, Cheju Native Black Cattle, Japnaese Black, Japanese Brown, Holstein and Angus. Genetic relationship of these breeds and coat colors to alleles at the Extension locus, that encodes MCIR were also determined. Allele E^D E^+ and a were detected by digestion with BsrF I (or Msp I ) and Aci I . A Dominant allele E^D, which is considered to be typical allele for dominant black coat color in cattle breeds, such as Holstein and Angus, was not detected in Korean Cattle and Japnases Brown with yellowish-brown coat color. Among sixty-two Cheju Native Black Cattle and fifteen Japanese Black, only ten and eleven heads had the dominant allele E? respectively. The remaining animals possessed the genotype E^+/E^+ or E^+/e, which probably reflect alleles at the A-locus which are supposed to give rise to the recessive black color. Several animals of Cheju Native Black Cattle and Japanese Black possessed the genotype E^D/-, probably reflecting the genetic introgression of E^D allele into these breeds during the crossbreeding period for improving. These results show that the difference of MCIR genotype and frequency among these breeds may be useful for conservation of endangered Cheju native Black Cattle and also genetically discreminating between meat of Korean Cattle and that of Holstein