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최동윤,김현태,이대원,한정대,강희설,권두중,이승기 한국동물자원과학회 2001 한국축산학회지 Vol.43 No.1
EThis study was conducted to measure the body weight of Holstein friesian dairy cow using a computer vision system. The pixel values of images got from the top and side view of dairy cow with two cameras and personal computer were calculated and the correlation between this values and body weight was analysed with simple linear regression. The results are as follows. 1. The body weight measured with the method of image analysis show a high correlation with the real values(R²$lt;0.9088). 2. Because of the reflection of natural soral ray and the relatively high noises caused by dark illumination, the correlation coefficient(R²=0.9088) between pixel value of top-view images and body weight was low than that of side view(R²=0.9455). 3. A computer vision system could be effectively used to measure the body weight of dairy cow. But the improvement of this system should be developed to compensate the effect of light reflection and the dark illumination on the image and also to minimize the movement of weighing cow.
여재순환장치를 이용한 돈분뇨 슬러리의 오염물질 및 악취제거 효율
최동윤,곽정훈,정광화,박규현,허미영,김재환,강희설,전경호,박치호,정종원,Choi, D.Y.,Kwag, J.H.,Jeong, K.H.,Park, K.H.,Huh, M.Y.,Kim, J.H.,Kang, H.S.,Jeon, K.H.,Park, C.H.,Jeong, J.W. 한국축산환경학회 2009 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.15 No.3
1. 여재순환장치는 사각프레임 형태로 설계 제작하였으며, 고액분리장치, 여재순환구 동축 및 날개, 압축공기 분사장치와 여재 및 액비배출장치로 구성되었다. 2. 고액분리한 돈슬러리를 장치에 투입하여 가동을 한 결과, 톱밥을 여재로 이용했을 때 $BOD_5$는 52.8, $COD_{Mn}$ 57.3, SS 26.9, T-N 71.0, T-P 30.9% 수준으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 왕겨를 이용한 경우에도 톱밥과 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다. 3. 5회까지 순환시켜 침출된 액비의 비료 성분은 질소의 경우, 원슬러리에 비해 2/3 수준, 인산은 1/3 수준으로 줄어드는 경향을 나타냈으나, 칼리는 거의 변하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 침출액비의 악취 (암모니아, 황화수소)는 초기에 비해 상당한 수준으로 저감되었으며, 톱밥이 왕겨에 비해 비교적 효과가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 5. 여재순환장치 가동 전후의 돈슬러리내 미생물을 조사한 결과, 총세균과 부숙에 관여하는 것으로 추정되는 바실러스균은 증가하는 경향이었으며, 살모네라균은 급격하게 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 6. 이상과 같은 결과로 볼 때, 악취저감 균질액비 생산장치를 이용하여 액비를 생산할 경우, 오염물질, 악취물질, 병원성세균 등이 감소하고, 부숙관여 유용미생물이 증가한 악취저감 균질액비 생산이 가능한 것으로 판단된다. The pig slurry is one of important fertilizer source for production of crops in recent years, but it has many controversial points of utilization such as offensive odor, lack of spread equipment and farmland possession, respectively. This study was carried out in order to remove water pollutants and malodor of pig slurry using biofiltration system. The biofiltration system consists of pig slurry separator, mixing shift and attached blade for sawdust or ricehull, air injection nozzle and outlet for pig slurry and sawdust or ricehull. The characteristics pH, $BOD_5$ (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), $COD_{Mn}$ (Chemical Oxygen Demand), SS (Suspended Solid), T-N (Total Nitrogen), T-P (Total Phosphorus) of the untreated pig slurry used in this study were 7.2, 34,450, 24,604, 71,000, 4,194, $1,631\;ml/{\ell}$, respectively. The $NH_3$ (Ammonia) and $H_2S$(Hydrogen Sulfide) concentration were 70.0, 9.6 ppm, respectively. The initial total microorganisms of pig slurry were $5.0{\times}10^3\;cfu/ml$, and Salmonella, Bacillus were $5.8{\times}10^2$, $1.1{\times}10^3\;cfu/ml$, respectively. The filtration system was very effective on removal of water pollutants of pig slurry. The removal efficiency of the offensive odor of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in sawdust was higher than those of ricehull. The total microorganisms and bacillus of pig slurry are on the increase by sawdust and ricehull, but Salmonella showed a tendency to decrease in number after that time. Accordingly, the filtration system was very effective to produce a good quality pig slurry.
최동윤,전병수,곽정훈,박치호,정광화,김태일,김형호,이덕수,양창범 한국축산환경학회 2002 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.8 No.3
돈분뇨 슬러리의 저장기간 및 깊이별 특성 변화를 조사하기 위하여 본시험을 수행하였다. 돈분뇨 슬러리를 직경 l0m, 높이 3m의 저장조에 저장한 후 6개월 동안 조사한 결과 저장기간이 지날수록 3개 층으로 분리되는 현상이 나타났다. 시험에 사용된 돈분뇨 슬러리의 초기 오염물질 성분인 BO $D_{5}$, CO $D_{Mn}$ , SS 농도는 각각 25,134, 15,840, 23,800mg/$\ell$ 였으며, 비료성분은 N가 0.69%, $P_2$ $O_{5}$ 0.33%, $K_2$O 0.40%로 나타났다. 저장기간이 경과할 수록 표면층의 유기물 함량은 낮아진 반면에 수분 함량은 높게 나타났다. 오염성분과 비료성분은 표면층, 중간층에 비해 바닥층에서 높은 농도를 나타내었다. 저장 6개월 후의 BO $D_{5}$, CO $D_{Mn}$ , SS 농도는 표면층에서 각각 16,040, 8,098, 3,300mg/$\ell$, 중간층에서 각각 15,806, 8,309, 5,900mg/$\ell$, 바닥층에서 각각 39,530, 23,958, 51,000mg/$\ell$로 조사되었다. 또한 N, $P_2$ $O_{5}$, $K_2$O 성분은 표면층에서 각각 0.47, 0.07, 0.46%, 중간층에서 각각 0.43, 0.08, 0.47%, 바닥층에서 각각 0.60, 0.44, 0.40%로 나타났다. 따라서 돈슬러리를 저장조에 6개월 동안 저장할 경우 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 고형성분을 비롯하여 오염성분 및 비료성분 등이 저장조 내에서 서서히 침전하는 것으로 나타났다. This study was carried out to investigate the characteristic change of piggery slurry during the storage time and depth. The Piggery slurry was settled in a 10.0m diameter$\times$3.0m high storage tank for 6 months and then divided into three layers according to the storage time. The pollutants concentration, BODs(Biochemical Oxygen demand), CO $D_{Mn}$ (Chemical Oxygen demand) and SS(Suspended Solids) of the piggery slurry used in this study were 25,134, 15,840, 23,800mg/$\ell$, respectively. The initial fertilizer content of piggery slurry, N(Nitrogen), $P_2$ $O_{5}$(Phosphoric acid) and $K_2$O(Potassium oxide), were 0.69, 0.33, 0.40%, respectively. 6 months later, BO $D_{5}$, CO $D_{Mn}$ and SS of the Piggery slurry were 16,040, 8,098, 3,300mg/$\ell$ in top layer, 15,806, 8,309, 5,900mg/$\ell$ in middle layer and 39,530, 23,958, 51,000mg/$\ell$ in bottom layer, respectively. The fertilizer content of piggery slurry after 6 months, N, $P_2$ $O_{5}$ and $K_2$O, were 0.47, 0.07, 0.46% in top layer, 0.43, 0.08, 0.47% in middle layer and 0.60, 0.44, 0.40% in bottom layer, respectively. Consequently, in course of storage time, the pollutant concentration and fertilizer content were the highest in the bottom layer compared with the top and middle layer.
박구용(Gu Yong Park),김윤식(Yoonsik Kim),조남익(Nam Ik cho) 한국방송·미디어공학회 2019 한국방송공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.11
영상 잡음 제거 알고리즘은 잡음으로 오염된 영상으로부터 잡음이 제거된 깨끗한 영상을 추정하여 복원하는 연구이다. 기존의 모델 기반 방법의 영상 잡음 제거 알고리즘은 영상을 복원하는 과정에서 최적화 문제를 풀어야 한다는 단점과 매개변수를 직접 선택을 해주어야 한다는 단점을 가진다. 본 논문에서는 딥러닝을 이용한 학습기반 방법의 영상 잡음 제거 연구를 소개한다. 먼저, 신경망의 구축을 위하여 신경망의 구성 요소는 Instance Normalization 과 컨볼루션 신경망을 이용한 모델을 제안하였고, 여러 연구 분야에서 좋은 성능을 보이는 UNet 구조를 전체적인 구조로 차용하였다. 신경망의 학습을 위하여 DnCNN 에서 제안한 잡음을 학습하는 잔여 학습 기법을 채택하였고, 기존의 영상 잡음 제거 알고리즘의 단점인 결과 영상이 흐릿해지는 현상을 보완하기 위하여 생성적 적대 신경망 학습 방법을 적용하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 신경망을 이용한 잡음 제거 영상의 결과가 기존의 연구 방법들 보다 인지적인 측면에서 좋은 결과를 보임을 확인하였다.
최동윤,강희설,곽정훈,최희철,김재환,김태일,이덕수,권두중,한정대 한국축산환경학회 2001 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.7 No.2
This research was carried out to investigate the daily amount and characteristics of wastewater produced from bucket milkers, pipeline, tandem ad herringbone milking system for washing operations after milking included 28 dairy farms. The average amount of wastewater produced from milking system was 9.8l/head/day. The amount of wastewater varied from a low of 8.2 litters/head/day(pipeline milking system) to 13.4 litter/head/day(herringbone milking system). The moisture content, Biochemical Oxygen Demand($BOD_5$), Chemical Oxygen Demand($COD_{Mn}$), Suspended Solids(SS), Total Nitrogen(T-N) and Total Phosphorus(T-P) concentration of wastewater were 99.9%, 394mg/l, 417.3mg/l, 1,201.3mg/l, 3.78mg/l, 0.51mg/l.
최동윤,권두중,강희설,성환후,한정대,최홍림 한국축산시설환경학회 1999 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.5 No.3
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of blowing fan for reducing heat stress in lactating dairy cows in summer. Treatment conditions were divided into 3 types ; No blow(T1), blow to oblique angle(T2) and blow to right angle(T3). Feed intake milk yield, respiration rate, rectal temperature and plasma cortisol concenration were measured to investigate the effect of hot environment on the physiological, productive responses in lactating dairy cows. The results obtained are summarized as follows: The daily milk yields were 20.47, 22.82 and 24.31kg per head in T1, T2 and T3 during experimental period, respectively. The respiration rate was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T1 than those of T2 and T3. The rectal temperature in T1(39.4$^{\circ}C$) was higher than those of T2(39.1$^{\circ}C$), (P<0.05). The plasma cortisol concentration was higher in T1 than those of T2 and T3(P<0.05). It was suggested that blowing fan installed in the pen was effective means to reduce heat stress.
崔東潤 圓光大學校大學院 1981 學位論叢 Vol.7 No.-
The author studied to investigate on the effect of body fat amount in percent(%Fat) to the physical fitness as a sample of 45 Korean young adults who are in a similar living condition of non-athlete and athlete. The physical fitness score is determined by Harvard Step Test. And total body fat amount was measurement by skin-fold thickness method with a skin-fold caliper at two site of the body(triceps & subscapular). The following summary could be obtained: (1) The correlation coefficient of body fat amount by the skin-fold method and relative weight was highly significant as r=+0.714(p<0.01), and its induced regression equation was shown as the following: Y=0.434X+0.129(Y: %Fat,X: Relative Weight). (2) The physical fitness score as determined by Harvard Step Test of the athlete group was higher than those of non-athlete group. The correlation coefficient among the physical fitness score and %Fat of body weight were r=-0.708(p<0.01) in non-athlete group, and r=-0.576(p<0.01) in athlete group. (3) The relationship of correlation coefficient between physical fitness score and relative weight was r=-0.463(p<O.01).
최동윤,곽정훈,박치호,정광화,김재환,유용희,정만순,한창배,최홍림,Choi, D.Y.,Kwag, J.H.,Park, C.H.,Jeong, K.H.,Kim, J.H.,Yoo, Y.H.,Jeong, M.S.,Han, C.B.,Choi, H.L. 한국축산환경학회 2008 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.14 No.3
본 시험은 젖소농가에서 보유하고 있는 여러가지 형태의 착유시스템에 대하여 계절별 세척수의 발생량과 이화학적 특성을 알아보고자 바켓식, 파이프라인식, 텐덤식, 헤링본식 등 착유시스템 유형별로 각각 3농가를 선정하여 계절별로 조사를 실시하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 착유시스템 유형별 세척수 발생량은 텐덤식과 헤링본식에서 많았으며 바켓식이 적었다 (P<0.05). 2. 착유작업별 세척수 발생량은 착유기 세척에 가장 많은 량의 세척수를 사용하였으며 여름철의 경우 텐덤식 $398.8{\ell}$, 헤링본식 $407.7{\ell}$가 다른 착유시스템보다 많은 세척수를 사용하였다 (p<0.05). 3. 착유과정에서 발생하는 세척수 발생량을 조사한 결과, 평균 $15.4{\ell}$/두였으며, 계절별로는 여름이 $16.4{\ell}$로 가장 많은 세척수가 발생되었다. 4. 착유과정에서 발생하는 세척수의 $BOD_5$는 착유실 세척시 발생하는 세척수가 $906.4mg/\ell$로 가장 높았으며, 유두 세척시 가장 낮은 $212.4mg/\ell$로 나타났다. COD, SS 등도 착유실 바닥세척시 가장 높은 경향을 보였다. 5. 세척수의 이화학적 특성은 pH는 $7.3{\sim}8.2$의 범위로 착유작업 단계에 따라 차이를 나타내었으며, 착유작업 후 착유실 외부로 흘러나오는 배출수의 $BOD_5$, COD, SS, T-N, T-P는 각각 731.2, 479.0, 751.6, 79.1, $14.7mg/\ell$였다. 이상의 시험결과를 종합해 보면 착유시스템 유형별 세척수 발생량은 바켓식, 파이프 라인식, 텐덤식 및 헤링본식이 각각 143.9, 487.9, 914.0, $856.7{\ell}$로 조사되었으며, 착유과정에서 발생하는 세척수량은 착유우 두당 $15.4{\ell}$로 착유시스템 유형 및 착유우 사육두수에 따라 낙농가도 농가실정에 맞는 세척수 처리시설 및 용량을 확보해야 할 것으로 판단된다. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of milking system type on milking center effluent production through the four seasons. Four different types of milking systems (Bucket, Pipeline, Tandem and Herringbone) were estimated, in duplicate, through the different seasons. The following conclusions can be drawn from this study. 1. The quantity of wastewater produced from Tandem and Herringbone milking systems were significantly larger than Bucket milking system (p<0.05). 2. The main wastewater production was from the washing of milking apparatus. Tandem and Herringbone milking systems produced 398.8 and $407.7{\ell}$/day of wastewater, respectively, for apparatus washing. These values were significantly higher than the other milking systems during the summer (p<0.05). 3. The average wastewater production from the various milking systems was $15.4{\ell}$/head/day. The quantity of wastewater production during summer ($16.4{\ell}$/head/day) season was higher than of the other seasons. 4. The highest level of $BOD_5$ ($906.4mg/\ell$) was produced from the washing of the parlor floor and the lowest level of $BOD_5$ ($212.4mg/\ell$) was produced from the washing of the udders of the cows. 5. The pH of dairy wastewater was in the range of $7.3{\sim}8.2$ and the average levels of $BOD_5$, COD, SS, T-N, and T-P were 731.2, 479.0, 751.6, 79.1, $14.7mg/\ell$, respectively. Following conclusions can be drawn from this experiment. The quantities of wastewater production from Bucket, Pipeline, Tandem and Herringbone milking system were 143.9, 487.9, 914.0, and $856.7{\ell}$, respectively. The average wastewater produced from the milking systems was $15.4{\ell}$/head per day. In order to effectively manage on the wastewater from milking systems, dairy farms need to consider the milking system type and farm size when determining the optimum wastewater treatment system.