http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
최연화,김철주 서울시립대학교 산업기술연구소 1996 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.4 No.-
In this study, we developed and optimized the simple fabrication process(2-mask process) of TFT in order to apply to indicator-display in Seoul City. The fabrication process is similar to conventional standard LSI process. It take 4 days to fabricate TFTs using the simple 2-mask semiconductor process. The fabricated TFT with 100/30 had high mobility and good characteristics compared with top-gate TFT. The average field-effect mobility as high as 15 cm2/v · s was achieved for the simple poly-Si TFTs. The subthreshold slope of 1.5V/dec and the threshold voltage of 6V were obtained. The switching ratio was about 105.
최연화 대한영상의학회 1993 대한영상의학회지 Vol.29 No.4
Enteroenteric anastomotic strictures of UGI tract are common and require treatment if significant obstruction occurs. We performed fluoroscopic guided balloon dilatation in 6 patients who had symptomatic stricture of gastrojejunostomy. The stricture was successfully resolved in 4 patients with benign stricture. But 2 patients with malignant stricture had recurrence of obstructive symptom 2 weeks later, and they required a stent. Asymptomatic balloon rupture was seen in one patient, but other procedural complications did not occur. We found that fluoroscopic guided balloon dilatation is an effective and safe method in the treatment of anastomotic stricture of gastrojejunostomy. We also found transient effect in malignant gastrojejunal anastomoitc strictures, which required an interventional procedure, such as placement of a stent.
역량기반 교양교육의 학습자 중심 수업에 관한 대학생의 주관성 연구
최연화 서원대학교 사범대학 부설 교육연구소 2023 교육발전 Vol.42 No.3
This study tried to figure out how college students perceive learner-centered classes in competency-based liberal arts education, and to prepare ways to improve teaching and learning from the learner's perspective so that they can actively participate in competency-based liberal arts education. To achieve the purpose of the study, the Q methodology was used, the Q sample consisted of 31 statements, and the P sample consisted of 28 first-year students taking the same liberal arts course A at J University. As a result of the study, a total of 6 types were derived. Type 1 is the type that considers self-growth as important, Type 2 is the type that considers the classroom environment important, Type 3 is the type that considers job ability improvement as important, and Type 4 is the type that values practical knowledge education as important, Type 5 considers class activities as important, and Type 6 considers personal competency improvement as important. Therefore, this study is meaningful in that it prepares the basic data necessary to improve teaching and learning by identifying the educational needs of college students for learner-centered classes in competency-based liberal arts education. 본 연구에서는 대학생들이 역량기반 교양교육의 학습자 중심 수업에 대해 어떻게 인식하는지 파악하여 역량기반 교양교육에 적극적으로 참여시킬 수 있는 학습자 관점의 교수학습 개선 방안을 마련하고자 하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 Q 방법론을 활용하였으며, Q표본은 31개의 진술문으로 구성되었고, P표본은 J대학교에서 동일한 A교양교과목을 수강하는 1학년 28명 학생으로 구성되었다. 연구결과 총 6가지의 유형이 도출되었으며 유형 1은 자기 성장을 중요하게 생각하는 유형, 유형 2는 수업환경을 중요하게 인식하는 유형, 유형 3은 직무능력 향상을 중요하게 생각하는 유형, 유형 4는 실용지식 교육을 중요하게 생각하는 유형, 유형 5는 수업활동을 중요하게 생각하는 유형, 유형 6은 개인적인 역량 향상을 중요하게 생각하는 유형으로 나타났다. 이에 본 연구는 대학생들의 역량기반 교양교육의 학습자 중심 수업에 대한 교육요구도를 파악하여 그에 필요한 적합한 교수학습 개선에 필요한 기초자료를 마련하였다는 것에 의의가 있다.
최연화,이영선,김홍빈,김치경,김봉수 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.2
Background : Enterococci are important cause of nosocomial infections. Recently, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) has been increasingly reported as significant nosocomial pathogens. Therefore, accurate identification of enterococcal species is a prerequisite step for the appropriate antibiotic treatment and epidemiologic surveillance. We wanted to know the usefulness of PCR method compared with Vitek automatic identification system. Methods : Totally 105 isolates were identified on the species level by Vitek (GPI card and software version R06.1), methyl-α -D-glucopyranoside test, and PCR methods. Results : Among 105 enterococcal isolates, 59 were identified as E. faecium, 11 E. faecalis, 6 E. gallinarum by Vitek. But 29 isolates (28%) were unidentified. Subsequently all of these isolates were analyzed by PCR, the results of which were as follows : 17 E. faecium, 5 E. casseliflavus, 7 E. gallinarum. Two isolates identified as E. gallinarum by Vitek were reidentified as E. casseliflavus by PCR and other methods far phenotypic characterization. Conclusoin : PCR method was more accurate and sensitive than Vitek for the identification of enterococci species. (Korean J Infect Dis 33:123∼127, 2001)
최연화 한국교류분석학회 2007 교류분석과 심리사회치료 연구 Vol.4 No.2
가정폭력피해어머니는 개인적인 심리 사회적 어려움을 겪을 뿐만 아니라 동시에 여성과 아내로서의 자신의 역할에 대해 혼란을 겪게 되고, 적절한 부모역할을 감당하는데 어려움을 겪게 된다. 이렇듯 폭력으로 인한 피해는 여성 개인 뿐 아니라 왜곡된 부모-자녀 관계를 통해 아동에까지 심각한 부적응적 영향을 미치고 있으므로 우리사회에서 가정폭력 피해어머니의 양육행동에 관한 연구와 양육태도를 변화시키기 위한 프로그램 개발과 연구는 절실히 필요할 것이다. 따라서 가정폭력 피해어머니들이 갖는 자녀양육의 어려움과 곤란을 돕고, 여성과 부모로서의 자신의 역할을 되찾을 수 있도록 하기 위해서는 무엇보다 이들 여성의 양육행동을 변화시킬 수 있는 부모역할훈련 프로그램이 개발될 필요가 있을 것이다. 이러한 연구를 통해서 폭력가정 내에 있는 자녀들과 긍정적이고 지지적인 관계개선을 통하여 학대가정의 재발 방지를 위한 전문적 개입 뿐 아니라, 가정폭력 피해어머니가 겪는 실질적 어려움의 하나로 부적절한 양육행동 및 부모역할의 문제를 해결하기 위해 가정폭력 피해어머니를 위한 효율적인 부모역할훈련의 개입 방안을 모색해 볼 수 있는 자료를 마련한다는데 가장 큰 의의가 있다.
Comparison of Faulkner's Emily and Emily Dickinson : 두 Emily 의 유사성을 중심으로
최연화 한국강원영어영문학회 1991 영어영문학 Vol.10 No.1
The purpose of this paper is to study some similarities between William Faulkner's Emily Grierson in his A Rose for Emily and the poet Emily Dickinson, They were both unmarried women, had same first names and firm wills and wore white dresses. Both women were influenced by their villainous fathers and robbed of their women's life-love-marriage-by their fathers. Emily Dickinson's poetry depends upon her father's distance and his failure to understand her true identity. Emily Grierson was also frustrated by her father, prevented from participating in the life of her contemporaries, When she attempted to achieve freedom, she was betrayed by a man who had the new morality, Two Emilies' psychologically damaged lives as recluse is partly a direct function of their relationships with their fathars. Some social changes according to civil war and industrialization made them withdraw to their inner worlds. In addition, in case of Emily Grierson the failure of love affair took her to the voluntary and grotesque seclusion, and Emily Dickinson had devoted several men but she denied her devotion to any one man. Her gradual withdrawal was perfectly natural. In their inner worlds, there were some shadows of death, Emily Grierson shared the rose-colored love with her dead suitor and got the vitality form him, Emily Dickinson was incessantly obsessed with death and wrote excellent death poetry, For her, death was a symbol of reality and gateway to life and ecstasy. Two Emilies have many similarities in character, circumference, life style, clothing and etc. Even though William Faulkner insisted the independence of his works, especially, A Rose for Emily, there are some wonders that he was probably influenced by his senior writer, Emily Dickinson
최연화,박준철 대한상부위장관ㆍ헬리코박터학회 2018 Korean Journal of Helicobacter Upper Gastrointesti Vol.18 No.4
Peptic ulcer bleeding is a common complication of peptic ulcer disease and the most common cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Despite advances in drug usage and endoscopic modalities, no significant improvement is observed in the mortality rate of bleeding ulcers. The purpose of this review is to discuss various endoscopic hemostatic methods to treat peptic ulcer bleeding. Endoscopic hemostatic techniques can be classified into injection, mechanical, electrocoagulation, hemostatic powder, and endoscopic Doppler-guided hemostatic therapies (the last mentioned being a newly developed technique). Endoscopic hemostasis can be performed as mono or combination therapy using the aforementioned methods. Endoscopic hemostasis is the most important treatment for patients with peptic ulcer bleeding. Endoscopists should consider the treatment approach for peptic ulcer bleeding based on patient characteristics, the size and shape of the lesion, the endoscopist’s expertise, and the resources and circumstances at each hospital. Follow-up studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of newly developed hemostatic powder therapy and endoscopic Doppler-guided hemostasis. (Korean J Helicobacter Up Gastrointest Res 2018;18:235-241)
대학 신입생의 인성교육 참여가 자아탄력성과 대학생활 적응에 미치는 효과
최연화 인하대학교 교육연구소 2022 교육문화연구 Vol.28 No.1
This study aimed to examine the effects of college freshman participation in character education on self-resilience and college life adaptation. The subjects of this study were 26 freshmen who participated in personality education at J University, and a pre-and post-test were conducted. Regarding data analysis methods, a correlation analysis and paired sample t-tests were performed. The main results of this study are as follows. First, the higher the controllability and positiveness, except for sociality, among the sub-factors of ego-resilience and the ego-resilience of university freshmen, the higher the academic, social, individual, and emotional adaptation, and attachment adaptation to college, which are the four sub-factors of adaptation to college life. Second, personality education had a significant effect on control and positiveness, which are sub-factors of ego-resilience and the ego-resilience of freshmen in college. Third, personality education showed significant changes in social adaptation among the four sub-factors of college life adaptation in university freshmen, but there was no significant change in overall college life adaptation. It is necessary to intervene in personality education as a college liberal arts subject that can increase self-resilience and adaptation to college life during the freshman year of college. 본 연구는 대학 신입생의 인성교육 참여가 자아탄력성과 대학생활 적응에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상 자는 J대학교 인성교육 교과목을 수강한 신입생 26명으로 사전-사후검사를 실시하였다. 자료분석 방법은 상관분석과 대응표본 t검증을 실시하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 대학 신입생의 자아탄력성과 자아탄력성의 하위요인 중에서 사회성을 제외한 통제성, 긍정성이 높을수록 대학생활 적응과 네 가지 하위요인인 학업적응, 사회적응, 개인․정서적응, 대학에 대한 애착 적응이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 인성교육이 대학 신입생의 자아탄력성과 자아탄력성의 하위요인인 통제성, 긍정성에서 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 인성교육이 대학 신입생의 대학생활 적응의 네 가지 하위요인 중에서 사회적응에서 유의미한 변화가 나타났다. 하지만 전체 대학생활 적응에는 유의미한 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 대학 신입생 시기에 자아탄력성과 대학생활 적응을 높일 수 있는 대학 교양과목으로서 인성교육 개입이 필요하다.