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이현종,서정철,박성훈,곽민아,신임희,민보미,조민수,노운석,정진용 대한약침학회 2015 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.18 No.1
Objectives: A vertebral compression fracture (VCF) is characterized by back pain and fracture of a vertebral body on spinal radiography. VCFs of the thoraco lumbar spine are common in the elderly. In general, appropriate analgesics should be prescribed to reduce pain and, thus, promote early mobilization. The ideal treatment approach for VCFs has not been determined. In Korea, acupuncture and herbal medication have been used to treat VCFs for many years. There is empirical evidence that acupuncture might benefit patients with a VCF. However, no randomized, controlled, clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and the safety of acupuncture for treating a VCF have been published. Therefore, we designed a randomized, controlled, pilot, clinical trial to obtain information for the design of a further full scale trial. Methods: A five week protocol for a randomized, controlled, pilot, clinical trial is presented. Fourteen patients will be recruited and randomly allocated to two groups: a control group receiving interlaminar epidural steroid injections once a week for three weeks, and an experimental group receiving interlaminar epidural steroid injections plus acupuncture treatment (three acupuncture sessions per week for three weeks, nine sessions in total). The primary outcomes will be the pain intensity (visual analogue scale and PainVisionTM system). The secondary outcome measurements will be the answers on the short form McGill pain questionnaire and the oswestry disability index. Assessments will be made at baseline and at one, three, and five weeks. The last assessment (week five) will take place two weeks after treatment cessation. This study will provide both an indication of feasibility and a clinical foundation for a future large scale trial. The outcomes will provide additional resources for incorporating acupuncture into existing treatments, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, narcotics and vertebral augmentation. This article describes the protocol.
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뇌졸중 후 중추성 통증 환자에 대한 동서협진이 진통과 재활에 미치는 영향
이현종,김수영,이상훈,서동민,이두익,김건식,이재동,이윤호,양형인,박재경,최도영,Lee, Hyun-jong,Kim, Su-young,Lee, Sang-hoon,Seo, Dong-min,Lee, Doo-ik,Kim, Keun-sik,Lee, Jae-dong,Lee, Yun-ho,Yang, Hyung-in,Park, Jae-kyung,Choi, Do-young 대한침구의학회 2003 대한침구의학회지 Vol.20 No.2
Purpose : In order to study the effectiveness of East-West pain treatment on central poststroke pain(CPSP), we evaluated its effect on alleviation of pain and rehabilitation of CPSP patients who were treated with eletroacupuncture and west pain treatment for four weeks. Methods : Twenty four patients diagnosed by their pain characteristics of central pain form stroke were treated with sympathetic nerve block, gabapentin, amitriptyline, and electroacupuncture for four weeks. Pain intensity through the visual analogue scale(VAS), and improvements of mobility and rehabilitation through the modified Barthel index(MBI) and Rankin scale(RS), respectively, before and after pain treatment were also assessed. Results : VAS pain scores were significantly improved from $7.7{\pm}1.7$ to $4.4{\pm}2.0$ with pain treatment(p<0.05). In accordance with improvement of ain scores, RS and MBI scores ere also improved from $2.88{\pm}0.95$ to $2.13{\pm}1.01$ and from $83.0{\pm}16.9$ to $94.7{\pm}9.5$(p<0.05), respectively, with pain treatment(p<0.05). Conclusions : It was suggested that the active pain treatment was contributed to the rehabilitation of CPSP patients, resulting in improvement of quality of life of CPSP patients. Futhermore, East pain treatment in combination with West pain treatment may be useful modality to alleviate CPSP.
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交通經濟學의 開拓者 : 특히 獨逸學者를 中心으로 Specialby in Germany
李顯鍾 단국대학교 1976 論文集 Vol.10 No.-
Transports coordinate space, time, matter and man. The more wide the space, the more time is needed to coordinate matter or man at a certain time and/or a certain place. In an economic aspect, time is money and is strongly related to capital and manpower. Transport system is a fundamental of the society, politically, socially, culturely, military, etc. These facts are established by many distinguished scholars during the last century in Europe, who are not known of in Korea because the economics of transport is quite unknown in Korea in spite of her relative high developement in the concerned field. So not a few economic planners encounter difficulties in transport problems. In this report German transport economists are dealt with. Anglo-Saxon data will be discussed in a future study report. Friedrich List owes his theory to his life and experiences in the United States, and emphasizes the greater importance of the railway than that of the canal. He illustrates the cheapness of railway construction, higher productivity of capital invested, and the easiness of differential charging in comparison with the shiff transfort on canal. Though List favours railway transport, he does not always insist on the railway construction. But the criterion whether railway or canal should be used depends on the technical standards and the fiscal ability of the concerned country. Karl Knies stands for the State's operation of the railway because the railway can be constructed only by the State due to the huge amount of capital needed. He sees communications systems also as a transport medium, and its function as equalizing prices on different markets and times. Gustav Cohn puts much weight on the public interest. That is why he allows for the monopolizing of the railway. According to him the deficit caused in railway operation should not be covered by the governmental budget, the railway should feed itself through the tariff system made through the principle of private enterprise. Gustav Schmoller pointed out the effected of the advanced transport system; the more the transport system developed, the more influense on the economy in different regions, the more radical variation in the population in different regions, the more faster the family system changed. Erich Sax contributed greatly to the development of the undeveloped economics of transport in Germany. The existence of the economics of transport as an independent science is attributed to him. The qualitative development in transport systems has an influence on two aspect, largely direct and indirect; the former, for example, price lowering, enlargement of market and equalizing of prices on different markets, and the latter, enlargement of production, movement of the local economy to the world economy, development of marchandizing channels, and equalizing of rent and wages in different regions.
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李鉉淙 숙명여자대학교 학생위원회 1978 淑大學報 Vol.18 No.-
구한말에 있어서 세대차를 볼 때 오늘날처럼 구별할만큼 사회적 조건이 되었던 것은 아니였다. 오늘날은 학교교육이 제도적으로 잘 짜여 있어서 연령측정이 되며 거기에 따라서 세대설정이라고 할까, 거의 모든 사람들을 어느 선상으로 획정할만한 것이 그다지 없었다. 그 당시 세대차라고 할 수 있는 것은 지역적으로 또는 사회신분이나 계층이나 지식에 의해서 부분적으로 확정되어진 것이므로 오늘날처럼 선을 그어서 보기는 어렵다. 그러나 그들은 새로운 지식이나 또는 국사를 의논할 때를 중심으로 해서 연령에 상관없는 하나의 그룹이 한 세대를 이루어가고 있는 때도 있으며 하나의 선을 긋게 되는 경우가 있다.
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李賢鐘 제주대학교 1977 논문집 Vol.9 No.-
Study was conducted to elucidate the properties, the equilibrium of soluble casein under low temperature condition(4℃). The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The low temperature treatment affected to the costituents of soluble casein,mainly increased the amount of ?-casein.However, within the micelle two types of casein were found by solubility under low temperature. 2. It was found that the equilibrium was exsisted between micellar and soluble casein under low temperature. 3. It was assumed that the ?-casein which released from the micelle bonds on the surface of micelle and contribute to the stability of casein micelle for the various circumstances.
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