Determination of Gross-${\beta}$ and ${\gamma}$-Ray Activity Concentrations of Human Tooth

정현자,강현경,김성환,Jeong, Hyunja,Kang, Hyun-Kyung,Kim, Sunghwan Korean Society of Radiological Science 2014 방사선기술과학 Vol.37 No.4

10세에서 70세까지 국내 남녀를 7개 연령대별 그룹으로 구분한 후, 치아의 감마선 농도와 각 그룹별 전${\beta}$ 방사능 농도를 측정하였다. 전${\beta}$ 농도는 P10가스(아르곤 90%, 메탄 10%)를 충진한 Tennelec XLB 측정기로 측정하였으며, 감마선은 고순도 게르마늄 검출기를 사용하여 감마선분광분석법으로 측정하였다. 본 실험에서 측정된 여성의 전${\beta}$ 방사능 농도범위는 0.089~0.32 Bq/kg이었으며, 남성의 전${\beta}$ 방사능 농도범위는 0.13~0.26 Bq/kg이었다. 치아의 감마선분광분석 결과 자연방사성동위원소인 $^{40}K$, $^{208}Tl$, $^{228}Ac$ 및 $^{234}Th$가 검출되었으며, 측정된 감마선 방사선 농도는 각각 20.7, 21.9 3.88 및 5.24 Bq/kg 이었다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 후쿠시마 원전사고 등 불의의 방사선 누출 사고 등에 대비하여 정상 환경에서의 인체의 치아에 축적된 방사능 준위 데이터로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사려된다. The ${\gamma}$-ray concentration and gross-${\beta}$ activity by age group were measured in the teeth of males and females of the domestic residents. They were divided into 7 age groups from 10s to the age of 70s. The gross-${\beta}$ activity concentration was measured by using the Tennelec XLB measuring instrument filled with P10 gas (argon 90%, methane 10%). The ${\gamma}$-ray was measured through the ${\gamma}$-ray spectroscopic analytical method by using the high purity germanium (HPGe) radiation detector. The range of gross-${\beta}$ activity concentration was measured 0.089 to 0.32 Bq/kg in females and 0.13 to 0.26 Bq/kg in males. From the ${\gamma}$-ray spectroscopic analysis of the teeth, the natural radioactive isotopes of $^{40}K$, $^{208}Tl$, $^{228}Ac$ and $^{234}Th$ were detected and their measured ${\gamma}$-ray activity concentrations were found to be 20.7, 21.9, 3.88 and 5.24 Bq/kg, respectively.

흡연자와 비흡연자간의 구강 내 세균 분포 및 항균제 감수성

정현자,김수정,Jeong, Hyun-Ja,Kim, Su-Jung 한국미생물학회 2010 미생물학회지 Vol.46 No.4

흡연은 음주와 더불어 치과질환을 유발하는 원인인자로 알려져 있으나, 흡연자와 비흡연자간의 구강 내 분포하는 미생물을 조사한 연구는 현재 매우 미비한 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 흡연자 30명, 비흡연자 30명으로 나누어 구강 내 분포하는 세균을 분리하고 혈액한천배지에서 배양하였다. 분리된 병원성 세균은 Kirby-Bauer 항생제 감수성 검사 방법으로 항생제에 대한 감수성 및 내성을 검사하였다. 각각의 콜로니는 그람 염색을 하였고 자동 동정기인 VITEK을 이용하여 동정하였다. 그람 염색법을 이용한 결과 흡연자의 구강에서는 총 41개 균주가 분리되었고, 그 중 그람 양성 구균 63%, 그람 음성 구균 29%, 그람 양성 간균 3%, 그람 음성 간균 5%가 나타났고, 비흡연자의 구강에서는 총 38개 균주가 분리되었고 그 중 그람 양성 구균 55%, 그람 음성 구균 26%, 그람 양성 간균 3%, 그람 음성 간균 16%가 나타났다. VITEK system을 이용하여 세균의 특이적 분포를 조사한 결과 흡연자의 구강에서는 Streptococcus mutans (6/41), Gemella morillorum (6/41), Streptococcus oralis (2/41), Streptococcus pneumoniae (1/41), Staphylococcus aureus (3/41), Streptococcus anginosus (1/41), Streptococcus intermedius (1/41), Streptococcus uberis (1/41), and Streptococcus sanguinis (1/41) 반면 비흡연자의 구강에서는 Streptococcus sanguinis (8/38), Staphylococcus aureus (1/38), Staphylococcus auricularis (1/38), Streptococcus uberis (1/38), Streptococcus intermedius (1/38), Streptococcus mutans (1/38), and Streptococcus oralis (1/38)로 나타났다. 3명의 흡연자에서 분리된 S. aureus는 Beta-lactamase를 분비하는 MRSA로 동정된 반면 비흡연자 한 명에서 분리된 S. aureus는 Beta-lactamase를 분비하지 않고 methicilin에 감수성을 보였다. 흡연자와 비흡연자의 상재균은 다른 분포를 보였고 특히 G. morillorum와 MRSA가 흡연자의 구강에서 흔히 발견됨을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들은 흡연자의 구강질환을 예방 및 치료에 유용할 것으로 사료된다. It is well known that smoking as well as drinking is a factor of stomatopathy, however there are few investigations about comparison of oral flora between smokers and non-smokers. In this study, we isolated the oral flora of 30 smokers and 30 non-smokers and cultured them on blood agar plates. The isolated pathogenic microorganisms were tested for antibiotic susceptibility and resistance using the Kirby-Bauer antibiotic testing method. Each colony was stained using the Gram staining method and was identified by an automatic identifier, known as the VITEK system. We isolated 41 colonies from smokers' oral cavity, and they were sorted as 63% of Gram-positive cocci, 29% of Gram-negative cocci, 3% of Gram-positive bacilli, and 5% of Gram-negative bacilli by gram staining, whereas 38 colonies were isolated from non-smoters' oral cavity, and their proportions were 55% of Gram-positive cocci, 26% of Gram-negative cocci, 3% of Gram-positive bacilli, and 16% of Gram-negative bacilli. The VITEK system revealed specific distribution of bacteria species that Streptococcus mutans (6/41), Gemella morillorum (6/41), Streptococcus oralis (2/41), Streptococcus pneumoniae (1/41), Staphylococcus aureus (3/41), Streptococcus anginosus (1/41), Streptococcus intermedius (1/41), Streptococcus uberis (1/41), and Streptococcus sanguinis (1/41) in smokers oral cavity whereas Streptococcus sanguinis (8/38), Staphylococcus aureus (1/38), Staphylococcus auricularis (1/38), Streptococcus uberis (1/38), Streptococcus intermedius (1/38), Streptococcus mutans (1/38), and Streptococcus oralis (1/38) in those of non-smokers'. Three cases of Staphylococcus aureus from smokers produced Beta-lactamase and were identified methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However one case of Staphylococcus aureus from non-smoker did not produce Beta-lactamase and was sensitive to methicillin. In conclusion, the distribution of oral flora was different between smokers' and non-smokers' oral cavity, especially Gemella morillorum and MRSA were predominantly found in smoker's oral cavity. These results are useful in the treatment and prevention of patients with stomatopathy caused by smoking.

Specific Blockage of Caspase-1 Activation by Purple Bamboo-Salt Prevents Apoptosis of Auditory Cell Line, HEI-OC1

정현자,Jae-Joong Kim,김민호,김형민 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.1

Cisplatin is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent but with significant ototoxic side effects. Apoptosis is an important mechanism of cochlear hair cell loss following exposure to an ototoxic level of cisplatin. The present study investigated the effects of purple bamboo-salt (BS) on cisplatin-induced apoptosis. We demonstrated that apoptosis induced by cisplatin was inhibited by treatment with BS in a dose-dependent manner. Activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 was observed within cisplatin-treated HEI-OC1cells. BS inhibited activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9. BS also inhibited release of cytochrome c and translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor. BS inhibited cisplatin-induced reactive oxygen species production. Lastly, BS suppressed cisplatin-induced caspase-1 activation. In conclusion, these findings show that BS blockage of a critical step in apoptosis may be a useful strategy to prevent harmful side effects of cisplatin ototoxicity in patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Antidepressant effect of StillenTM

정현자,김정화,김나래,유명숙,남선영,김규업,최영진,장재범,강인철,백남인,김형민 대한약학회 2015 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.38 No.6

StillenTM has been used to treat patients withgastric mucosal ulcers and has an anti-inflammatory effect. It is well-known that neuro-inflammatory reactions arerelated to depression. Here we evaluated the antidepressant-like effect of StillenTM on mice subjected to the forcedswimming test (FST). StillenTM and eupatilin (a majorcomponent of StillenTM) significantly decreased immobilitytimes compared with the FST control group. In theStillenTM-administered group, increased levels of5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) and brain-derived neurotrophicfactor protein were observed in the hippocampus. Nissl bodies also increased in the hippocampus neuronalcytoplasm of the StillenTM-administered group. StillenTMdecreased levels of interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, and tumornecrosis factor-a (at the mRNA and protein levels) in thehippocampus and serum, compared with the control group. In addition, the mRNA expression of estrogen receptor-bincreased after StillenTM administration in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that StillenTM should beviewed as a candidate antidepressant.

An alternative method to reduce anaphylaxis by moxibustion

정현자,남선영,이병주,김민기,김정화,김형민 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2014 TANG Vol.4 No.2

Epinephrine is a critical drug for patients at risk for anaphylaxis. Here, we suggest moxibustion as an alternative method to reduce anaphylaxis. Moxibustion was applied to the Shimen (CV5) acupoint and found to attenuate compound 48/80-induced mortality. Capsazepine, a transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) 1 antagonist, significantly improved overall survival rates compared to groups treated with moxibustion or 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (an activator of TRPV1, 2, and 3). Probenecid (a TRPV2 agonist) also increased survival rate and reduced histamine levels. Survival rates increased by moxibustion and probenecid were completely inhibited by ruthenium red (a TRPV2 and 3 antagonist) and gadolinium chloride (general TRPV antagonist), respectively. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and ear swelling were significantly reduced by moxibustion and probenecid ( p < 0.05). In cardiomyocytes, TRPV2 was over-expressed by compound 48/80 and histamine but this increased TRPV2 expression decreased to baseline with moxibustion and probenecid treatment. In addition, intracellular calcium levels increased by compound 48/80 were reduced by probenecid. Overall, these findings suggest that the reduction of anaphylaxis caused by moxibustion could represent a new mechanism of moxibustion related to the regulation of TRPV2 activation and promotion of epinephrine secretion.

Themoluminescence properties of Tl doped LiF single crystal

정현자,김성환,정규호,Sajid Khan,H. J. Kim,천종규,남욱원 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2014 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.15 No.3

In this study, we present luminescence properties of a new developed Tl-doped LiF thermoluminescence single crystal using by Czochralski method, such as emission spectrum, decay time, thermoluminescence fading etc. The shape of glow curve the crystal was strongly dependent on LET of radiations more than that of TLD-100 (LiF : Mg,Ti). We studied the induced TL trap parameters of the crystal irradiated by X-ray and alpha.

칫솔질 방법에 따른 치은염 환자의 구강건강상태지수 변화

정현자,김혜진,정애화 한국치위생학회 2011 한국치위생학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Objectives : This study purpose were the effect of toothbrushing for decreasing halitosis for gingivitis and periodontitis patients. Methods : The university staffs were examined oral condition and analysised a change of oral health state score after using 3 types of toothbrushing. Results : The results were as followed : OHI-S shows that the decreasing effect takes place in the M. bass method and Tooth pick method, but shows no differences by each method. GI for Self test method shows decreasing effect after 2nd week during education while the M. bass method and Tooth pick method shows after 1st week during education. The M. bass method shows much greater effect of halitosis amongst 3 kind of method. PI for Self test method and Tooth pick method show decreasing effect. Decreasing effect during education shows until 2nd week by 3 kind of method, but it shows no differences after 3rd week. VSC(ppb) for M. bass method and Tooth pick method show decreasing effect. Decreasing effect during education shows after 3rd week by 3 kind of method,but it shows no differences until 2nd week. PHP for Self test method, M. bass method and Tooth pick method show decreasing effect after 2nd week during education. But, there is no differences of decreasing effect by among 3 kind of method. Conclusions : This study reports that it is necessary to carry outt further studies on the improvement of oral health management of adults based on the development of oral health education.

수도권 지역의 전원주택지 개발에 관한 연구

정현자 명지대학교 증권보험대학원 1999 논문집 Vol.- No.3

산부인과 의료소비자의 라이프스타일과 구전커뮤니케이션에 관한 연구

정현자,정면숙 대한간호행정학회 2004 간호행정학회지 Vol.10 No.2

The purpose of this study is 1): to investigate how word of mouth communications work according to the lifestyle of health care consumers of obstetrics and gynecology, 2): to propose managerial suggestions in health care marketing. Method: Data collection and analysis had been executed from March 10, 2003 to April 4, 2003. Out of total 400 questionnaires distributed, 385 were collected. 351 were considered to be valid for analysis. Data were analyzed with the SPSS/pc+ Version 10.0. using Frequencies, Factor analysis and cluster analysis, ANOVA and x²-test. Results: The subjects were divided into four groups in terms of their lifestyles: 'health active group', 'health conscious group', 'health indifferent group', 'health inactive group'. The following are the features word of mouth communication according to lifestyle. Conclusion: All in all, the researcher carne to notice that there was a difference in the features of word of mouth communication activities in accordance with the lifestyle of health care consumers of obstetrics and gynecology. This study will hopefully contribute to the ramification of markets, serving as a help in marketing health services.

Vojta 운동 유발점 자극에 의한 일부 자율신경계 특성의 변화

정현자,박지원,박성희 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2011 특수교육재활과학연구 Vol.50 No.3

본 연구는 Vojta 운동 유발점 자극에 의한 일부 자율신경계 특성의 변화를 규명하기 위해 수행되었다. 실험에는 15명의 건강한 아동이 참여하였다(평균나이 10.8세, 범위 10~11세). 대상자에게 Vojta 운동 유발점 중 가슴 존을 자극하였고, 이를 비교하기 위하여 임의로 설정한 제9번 늑골과 10번 늑골 사이의 존을 자극하였다. 자극이 수행되는 동안 자율신경계의 반응을 검사하기 위하여 교감신경 피부반응 검사와 폐활량을 측정하였다. 통계 처리는 두 자극 방법에 따른 측정값을 비교하기 위하여 자극 방법에 따라 Vojta 운동 유발점 자극군과 가성 자극군으로 나누어 비교하였다. 교감신경 피부반응 검사의 평균 값과 최대 반응 값은 Vojta 운동 유발점 자극군이 가성 자극군에 비해 높게 나타났다(p < 0.05). 폐활량 검사에 1회 호흡량, 최대 흡기량 및 최대 호기량은 Vojta 운동 유발점 자극군이 가성 자극군에 비해 높게 나타났으며 호흡수는 더 빠르게 나타났다(p < 0.05). 이러한 결과들은 반사적 이동을 위한 Vojta 운동 유발점 자극이 몸신경계의 변화를 가져오는 것처럼 자율신경계의 특성에도 변화를 유발하여 아동의 신체 기능에 영향을 미칠 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. This study was designed to determine the changes of some characteristics of the autonomic nervous system by stimulation of the Vojta zone. Fifteen healthy children (mean age 10.8 yrs., range 10~11 yrs.) participated in this experiment. Subjects were stimulated on the Breast zone of the Vojta approach and the pseudo-zone between the 9th rib and 10th rib. Galvanic skin response (GSR) and spirometry was recorded during each stimulation period. The groups were divided into two groups by the position of stimulation zone such as the Breast zone stimulation (BZS) group and pseudo-zone stimulation (PZS) group. The GSR data in the BZS group was significantly higher than in the PZS group (p <0.05). Tidal volume and maximum inspiratory and expiratory flow rate in spirometry showed higher values in the BZS group comparing to the PZS group(p < 0.05). These results suggest that the Breast zone stimulation for reflex locomotion by the Vojta approach lead the changes of some characteristics of autonomic nervous system in the same way as brain plasticity in central nervous system.