Effect of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) on Phospholipase Activity in the Cultured Cells

송호선,심상수,김희래,고명수,정재민,김용호,김명철,황연희,손의동,김윤명,명성호 대한약리학회 2010 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.14 No.6

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) on signal pathway in plasma membrane of cultured cells (RAW 264.7 cells and RBL 2H3 cells), by measuring the activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), phospholipase C (PLC) and phospholipase D (PLD). The cells were exposed to the EMF (60 Hz, 0.1 or 1 mT) for 4 or 16 h. The basal and 0.5 μM melittin-induced arachidonic acid release was not affected by EMF in both cells. In cell-free PLA2 assay, we failed to observe the change of cPLA2 and sPLA2 activity. Also both PLC and PLD activities did not show any change in the two cell lines exposed to EMF. This study suggests that the exposure condition of EMF (60 Hz, 0.1 or 1 mT) which is 2.4 fold higher than the limit of occupational exposure does not induce phospholipases-associated signal pathway in RAW 264.7 cells and RBL 2H3 cells.

Morinda citrifolia Inhibits Both Cytosolic Ca2+-dependent Phospholipase A2 and Secretory Ca2+-dependent Phospholipase A2

송호선,박성훈,고명수,정재민,손의동,심상수 대한약리학회 2010 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.14 No.3

This study investigated the effects of the methanol extracts of Morinda citrifolia containing numerous anthraquinone and iridoid on phospholipase A2 (PLA2) isozyme. PLA2 activity was measured using various PLA2 substrates, including 10-pyrene phosphatidylcholine, 1-palmitoyl-2-[14C]arachidonyl phosphatidylcholine ([14C]AA-PC), and [3H]arachidonic acid (AA). The methanol extracts suppressed melittin-induced [3H]AA release in a concentration-dependent manner in RAW 264.7 cells, and inhibited cPLA2/sPLA2-induced hydrolysis of [14C]AA-PC in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. A Dixon plot showed that the inhibition by methanol extracts on cPLA2 and sPLA2 appeared to be competitive with inhibition constants (Ki) of 3.7μg/ml and 12.6μg/ml, respectively. These data suggest that methanol extracts of Morinda citrifolia inhibits both Ca2+-dependent PLA2 such as, cPLA2 and sPLA2. Therefore, Morinda citrifolia may possess anti-inflammatory activity secondary to Ca2+- dependent PLA2 inhibition.

The Effect of Caffeic Acid on Wound Healing in Skin-incised Mice

송호선,박태욱,손의동,신용규,최병철,김창종,심상수 대한약리학회 2008 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.12 No.6

This study was carried out to investigate the wound healing effect of caffeic acid in skin-incised mice. Caffeic acid showed significant effects on anti-inflammatory activity and wound healing, such as myeloperoxidase activity, lipid peroxidation, phospholipase A₂ activity and collagen-like polymer synthesis, in incised-wound tissue. On the other hand, it significantly stimulated collagen-like polymer synthesis in NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells, while inhibited both silica-induced reactive oxygen species generation and melittin-induced arachidonic acid release and PGE2 production in Raw 264.7 cells, and histamine release in RBL 2H3 cells stimulated by melittin or arachidonic acid. Therefore, caffeic acid appears to have a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect in cell culture system, which may be related to wound healing in skin-incised mice.

Inhibitory effect of acteoside on melittin-induced catecholamine exocytosis through inhibition of Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2 and extracellular Ca2+ influx in PC12 cells

송호선,고명수,조영수,황완균,심상수 대한약학회 2015 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.38 No.10

To investigate the inhibitory effect of acteosideon the process of exocytosis induced by melittin, we measuredCa2+ mobilization, arachidonic acid (AA) release andcatecholamine exocytosis in PC12 chromaffin cells. Melittinsignificantly increased the intracellular Ca2+ mobilizationvia receptor-operated calcium channel but not the intracellularCa2+ release. It caused AA release via activation ofCa2+-dependent phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and catecholaminesecretion in a dose-dependent manner. Acteoside dosedependentlyinhibited the release of AA and intracellularCa2+ mobilization induced by melittin. Acteoside reducedthe catecholamine release and raised the amount of intracellularchromogranin A which is co-released with catecholaminefrom melittin-stimulated PC12 cells. Takentogether, our results suggest that acteoside could suppress theexocytosis via inhibition of Ca2+-dependent PLA2 and extracellularCa2+ influx in PC12 cells stimulated by melittin.

대나무 추출액의 항산화 작용과 미백작용

송호선,문효진,박병언,최방실,이동자,이지윤,김창종,심상수,Song, Ho-Sun,Moon, Hyo-Jin,Park, Byoung-Eun,Choi, Bang-Sil,Lee, Dong-Ja,Lee, Ji-Yun,Kim, Chang-Jong,Sim, Sang-Soo 대한약학회 2007 약학회지 Vol.51 No.6

To investigate the possibility of development as a whitening agent using bamboo extracts (Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis), we measured DPPH assay, NBT/XO assay, intracellular ROS scavenging assay, tyrosinase assay and MSH-induced melanin production in B-16 cells. Bamboo extracts had dose-dependently anti-oxidant activity in DPPH, NBT/XO and intracellular ROS assay. Bamboo extracts appear to inhibit xanthine oxidase directly. Bamboo extracts inhibited not only purified tyrosinase activity but also inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanin production in B16 melanoma cells stimulated by $1{\mu}M\;{\alpha}$-MSH. Anti-oxidant activity and cytotoxicity of ethyl acetate fraction was more potent than those of water fraction, whereas whitening effect of water fraction was stronger than ethyl acetate fraction. Therefore, these results suggest that water fraction of bamboo extracts may be useful for the development as whitening agents reducing cytotoxicity.

Antioxidant Effect of CoQ10 on N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced Oxidative Stress in Mice

송호선,김희래,박태욱,조봉재,최미영,김창종,손의동,심상수 대한약리학회 2009 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.13 No.4

The antioxidant effect of CoQ10 on N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced oxidative stress was investigated in mice. Food intake and body weight were similar in both CoQ10 and control groups during the 3-week experimental period. NDEA significantly increased the activities of typical marker enzymes of liver function (AST, ALT and ALP) both in control and CoQ10 groups. However, the increase of plasma aminotransferase activity was significantly reduced in the CoQ10 group. Lipid peroxidation in various tissues, such as heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen and plasma, was significantly increased by NDEA, but this increase was significantly reduced by 100 mg/kg of CoQ10. Superoxide dismutase activity increased significantly upon NDEA-induced oxidative stress in both the control and CoQ10 groups with the effect being less in the CoQ10 group. Catalase activity decreased significantly in both the control and CoQ10 groups treated with NDEA, again with the effect being less in the CoQ10 group. The lesser effect on superoxide dismutase and catalase in the NDEA-treated CoQ10 group is indicative of the protective effect CoQ10. Thus, CoQ10 can offer useful protection against NDEA-induced oxidative stress.

암 환자의 수술 후 림프부종 예방을 위한 측정도구 개발

송하림,손호선,이영성 한국기술혁신학회 2014 한국기술혁신학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2014 No.10

Whitening Activity of Luteolin Related to the Inhibition of cAMP Pathway in α-MSH-stimulated B16 Melanoma Cells

최미영,송호선,허현숙,심상수 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.9

To examine the possibility of luteolin as a whitening agent, we measured antioxidant activity using DPPH assay, NBT/XO assay and intracellular ROS scavenging assay and depigmenting activity using tyrosinase assay, α-MSH-induced melanin production in B-16 cells. Luteolin showed dose-dependent anti-oxidant activity in DPPH, NBT/XO and intracellular ROS assay. Also, luteolin directly inhibited xanthine oxidase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Although luteolin did not directly inhibit tyrosinase activity, it dose-dependently inhibited both tyrosinase activity and melanin production in B16 melanoma cells stimulated by 1 μM α-MSH. Luteolin dose-dependently inhibited cAMP levels in B16 melanoma cells stimulated by 1 μM α-MSH and 1 μM forskolin, which suggest that luteolin directly inhibits adenyl cyclase in B16 melanoma cells. Therefore, these results suggest that whitening activity of luteolin may be due to the inhibition of adenyl cyclase involved in the signal pathway of α-MSH in B16 melanoma cells.

유효강성을 고려한 포스트텐션 커플링 보의 효율성에 관한 연구

이재우,송호선 대한건축학회지회연합회 2005 대한건축학회지회연합회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.1 No.1

Generally shear walls separated by opening composing core part of construction behave as coupled shear walls by connecting slaves or lintel beams and these coupled shear walls can make quite a little established moment caused lateral force of wind or earthquake efficiently resist lateral force through the frame behavior by coupling effect of coupling beams. Therefore the coupling effect of coupling beams is given a great deal of weight to efficiently control the lateral displacement. However during lateral force resistance, plasticity hinge is happened by concentrated stress of coupling beams and effective stiffness is decerased and serious problems of displacement control occur frequently. The post tension method of construction improves compression stress and hence improves flexural and shear capability than the established contract members by increasing the crak area moment of intertia, so the post tension method of contraction is highly evaluated. Accordingly if one use coupling beams by use of post tension, the resisting ability of coupled shear wall buildings against lateral force will be improved by advanced flexural and shear capability.

후드겸용 전자레인지 시로코홴의 유동 및 소음특성에 관한 연구

전완호,류호선,송성배,손상범 한국유체기계학회 2004 한국유체기계학회 논문집 Vol.7 No.1

Aeroacoustic characteristics of sirocco fan used in Over-The-Range (OTR) has been analyzed in this paper. A microwave hood combination over the gas range is short for the OTR. The flow phenomena of the double-sided sirocco fan was analyzed numerically and experimentally by using commercial code and three dimensional PIV for flow visualization. Also, microphone array is used in order to understand acoustic characteristics of OTR. Two dimensional unsteady flow and acoustic simulation is tried to qualitatively estimate the effects of tonal noise and broadband noise on the overall sound pressure level. It is found that tonal sound is generated from the strong interaction between the impeller and cutoff while broadband sound is generated from the strong secondary flows along the scroll surface. To reduce the noise level, the V-shape cut-off was applied to improve the sound quality by reducing tonal noise. So the peak noise at BPF (Blade Passing Frequency) was almost reduced. The shape of flow-guide to suppress the secondary flow over the scroll surface was carefully checked. It is found that this affects flow pattern at the fan exit and reduces the broad band noise. Through this numerical and experimental study, the sound pressure level was lowered by 4dBA compared to that of the previous fan at the operating point.